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465 lines
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2007 MARCH–APRIL; 355
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<div class="actions">April 19, 2007 <span class="status">[posted]</span>
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</div>
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<h1><img src="graphics/skillkit.gif" alt="" align="left" />Skill Kit: Basic Searching of the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB<span class="registered">®</span>)</h1>
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<img src="../new_tb_graphics/t.gif" class="initcap" alt=""
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width="35" height="43" />
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<p class="first">
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<span class="initcap">t</span>he National Library of Medicine<span class="registered">®</span>
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<a href="//sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro.html">Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program</a> (TEHIP) has been developing resources to assist health professionals and scientists in their work for nearly 40 years. One of the TEHIP major resources is <a href="//toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/">TOXNET</a><span class="registered">®</span>, a collection of databases on toxicology, hazardous chemicals, environmental health, and toxic releases. TOXNET includes the Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
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</p>
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<h2>
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What is the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)?</h2>
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<p>
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The <a href="//toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB">Hazardous Substances Data Bank</a> (HSDB) is one of the primary databases in the NLM TOXNET system. It provides comprehensive peer-reveiwed toxicological data on over 5,000 substances. HSDB contains excerpts from the published literature on human health effects and exposure, emergency medical treatment, standards and regulations, safety and handling procedures, and environmental fate. All data in HSDB are referenced and derived from a core set of books, government documents, technical reports, selected primary journal literature, and electronic sources including the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists<span class="registered">®</span> (ACGIH). HSDB is peer-reviewed by a Scientific Review Panel (SRP), a committee of experts in the major subject areas in the database's scope.
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</p>
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<h2>Quick Tour</h2>
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<p>
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An eight-minute <a href="//sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/captivate/basicsearchinghsdb_skin.swf">animated tutorial</a> demonstrating the features of this article is available. In addition to basic searching instruction covered in this article, you'll find useful techniques and tips.
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</p>
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<h2>
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Who uses HSDB and why?</h2>
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<p>
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Due to its technical nature, HSDB is most often used by health professionals, industrial hygienists, health information professionals, toxicologists, and chemists. The information in HSDB helps to improve understanding of research findings for health care workers and emergency responders, to assist family/friends who have health concerns, and to support the work of researchers in toxicology.
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</p>
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<h2>
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Searching HSDB</h2>
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<p>
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Search Example:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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A pest control worker visits his family physician because he is experiencing blurred vision, sweating and nausea. In addition to the physical exam, the physician discusses the type of work the patient does, and what types of pesticides or chemicals he works with; the physician then searches HSDB for the chemical the worker used and a symptom: <strong>dursban blurred vision</strong><br /><br />
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The chemical record for Dursban<span class="registered">®</span>
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(chlorpyrifos) notes that common symptoms of exposure "include headache, giddiness, nervousness, <strong>blurred vision</strong>, weakness, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and discomfort in the chest," and that "signs include sweating, miosis, tearing, salivation and other excessive respiratory tract secretion." The record also offers emergency medical treatment information and occupational exposure standards. See <a href="#fig1">Figure 1</a>.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<br /><br />
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<div class="figure" style="width: 504px;">
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<a name="fig1" id="fig1">
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<img src="graphics/hsdb_fig1.gif"
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alt="Screen capture of search for dursban blurred vision."
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title="" width="502" height="345" /><br />
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<strong>Figure 1: Search results for <em>dursban blurred vision</em></strong></a>
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</div>
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<br /><br />
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<!--
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<p>
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HSDB will retrieve all of the chemical records containing that word. The first record is the primary record for <strong>glyphosate isopropylamine salt</strong>, the chemical name for roundup. Click on this chemical to see the full (complete) HSDB record.
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</p>
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-->
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<p>
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<strong>Search Tips:</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>For chemicals, HSDB automatically searches the term you entered, as well as synonyms and the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number.</li>
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<li>Use truncation (*), Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT), nested parentheses, Limits, and index browsing to refine your HSDB search results. </li>
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<li>
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Multiple terms or concepts and phrases can also be searched. For example, searching "lung cancer" in quotes will retrieve all chemical records where the exact phrase <em>lung cancer</em> is found.
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</li>
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<li>
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The HSDB "Limits" feature allows users to specify whether the search should be conducted for all the words, any of the words, or as a phrase, and whether the terms entered are searched as exact words, singular and plural forms, or word variants when multiple terms are entered.<br /><br />
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>HSDB Record</h2>
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<p>
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HSDB records are organized into three sections (see <a href="#fig2">Figure 2</a>):
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Navigation buttons</strong> - see #1 in <a href="#fig2">Figure 2</a><br />
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Use the navigation buttons across the top of the screen to download the record, modify your search, move to another database, etc.<br /><br /></li>
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<li><strong>Contents</strong> - see #2 in <a href="#fig2">Figure 2</a><br />
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In the left side bar the data in HSDB are organized into fifteen categories with over 150 fields (data elements). The Contents section allows you to navigate the lengthy HSDB records quickly to find the information you need.
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Click on any category or data element to move to that section of the chemical record.<br /><br />
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The "Administrative Information" section provides information about each record's last revision date, last review date, and update history.
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<br /><br />
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The entire record or other specific sections or categories can be viewed by clicking on them from the Table of Contents (Full Record).
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<br /><br />
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<!--<strong>HSDB Record Structure</strong><br />
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HSDB is organized into individual chemical records. Each record is organized into categories representing over 150 data fields or elements; these categories include: <br /><br />
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<ul>
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<li>Human Health Effects</li>
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<li>Emergency Medical Treatment</li>
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<li>Animal Toxicity Studies </li>
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<li>Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics </li>
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<li>Pharmacology </li>
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<li>Environmental Fate/Exposure </li>
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<li>Environmental Standards & Regulations</li>
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<li>Chemical/Physical Properties </li>
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<li>Chemical Safety & Handling </li>
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<li>Occupational Exposure Standards </li>
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<li>Manufacturing/Use Information</li>
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<li>Laboratory Methods </li>
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<li>Special References </li>
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<li>Synonyms and Identifiers </li>
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<li>Administrative Information <br />
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</li>
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</ul>-->
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</li>
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<li><strong>Chemical Data</strong> - see #3 in <a href="#fig2">Figure 2</a><br />
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Scroll down in the main area on the right side of the screen to read the peer-reviewed toxicological information on the chemical. The data are displayed in the order of the Contents section on the left. HSDB provides comprehensive toxicological information on each chemical, so the records may be long. The average HSDB record is 25 printed pages.<br /><br />
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Use the Contents on the left to navigate to specific categories within the record.
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<br /><br />
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</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="figure" style="width: 504px;">
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<a name="fig2" id="fig2">
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<img src="graphics/hsdb_fig2_largest.gif"
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alt="Screen capture of the HSDB record."
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title="" width="502" height="345" /><br />
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<strong>Figure 2: The HSDB record: 1 - Navigation buttons, 2 - Contents, 3 - Chemical data.</strong></a>
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</div>
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<br /><br />
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<h2>
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Relevancy Ranking
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</h2>
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<p>
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Relevancy ranking attempts to determine which records are most pertinent to the search, and to place the most relevant documents first in the list of returned records. The ranking is based upon the number of individual search terms occurring in a record, the number of times each search term occurs in a record, a term's rarity within the database, and the nearness of search terms to each other. Records containing combinations of search words tend to be ranked higher than records having isolated occurrences of the words.
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</p>
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<!--
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<h2>
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Saving Records
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</h2>
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<p>
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HSDB records (see <a href="#fig1">Figure 1</a>) can be:
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Printed from your browser: (put your cursor in the data window on the right side and choose Print from the File menu) or downloaded/saved to your computer. To save records, click on the "Download" button at the top of the screen.
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</li>
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<li>
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Downloaded: click on the "Download" button at the top of the screen. You can choose to save the complete (full) record or select one or more categories. Depending on your browser, the saved data will appear in the browser (click File and then Save As to save as a text file) or you will be asked to provide a file name to save the data.
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</li>
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</ol>
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-->
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<!--
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<p>
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The records can either be printed from your browser (put your cursor in the right, data window and choose Print from the File menu) or downloaded/saved to your computer. To save records, click on the "Download" button at the top of the screen. You can choose to save the complete (full) record or select one or more categories. Depending on your browser, the saved data will appear in the browser (click File and then Save As to save as a text file) or you will be asked to provide a file name to save the data.
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</p>
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-->
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<h2>
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Assistance
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</h2>
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<p>
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The Basic Searching of the Hazardous Substances Data Bank <a href="//sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/captivate/basicsearchinghsdb_skin.swf">quick tour</a> is an eight-minute demonstration of this information plus more search examples. The HSDB <a href="//toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/help/HSDBhelp.htm">Help</a> Section answers the most common questions you may have when you first start searching. The TOXNET <a href="//sis.nlm.nih.gov/toxnet_faq.html">FAQ</a> also answers frequently asked questions, such as how to <a href="//sis.nlm.nih.gov/toxnet_faq.html#cite">cite</a> an HSDB record. If you need further assistance, email <a href="mailto:tehip@teh.nlm.nih.gov">tehip@teh.nlm.nih.gov</a> or call (301) 496-1131.
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<img src="../new_tb_graphics/black_pixel.gif" width="450" height="1" alt="" />
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<!--************************CHANGE CITATION INFORMATION BELOW*****************************-->
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<p class="citation">Basic Searching of the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB<span class="registered">®</span>). NLM Tech Bull. 2007 Mar-Apr;(355):e12.</p>
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<!--************************END CITATION INFORMATION**************************************-->
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