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|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard">
|
||
Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide">
|
||
<a href="/help/"
|
||
data-ga-category="featured_link"
|
||
data-ga-action="user_guide">
|
||
User Guide
|
||
</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-page-header">
|
||
<div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<div class="actions-container">
|
||
<div class="return-to-search">
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to">
|
||
<button id="save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="open">
|
||
Email
|
||
</button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
class="trigger more-actions-trigger"
|
||
ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn"
|
||
aria-label="Send to"
|
||
aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link "
|
||
href="#"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="clipboard"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Clipboard
|
||
</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F22387996%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F22387996%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region">
|
||
<button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
|
||
data-ga-action="display_options_dialog">
|
||
<span class="button-label">Display options</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div class="dropdown" hidden>
|
||
<div class="title">
|
||
Display options
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="content">
|
||
|
||
<div class="format-container">
|
||
<span class="option-label">
|
||
Format
|
||
</span>
|
||
<select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format">
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pubmed">PubMed</option>
|
||
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container">
|
||
<div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Save citation to file
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="save-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option>
|
||
<option value="pmid">PMID</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="csv">CSV</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_save_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="save-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="save"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="email-action-panel"
|
||
class="email-action-panel action-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback"
|
||
data-recaptcha-enabled="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Email citation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="email-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/send-email/"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Subject:
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 22387996 - PubMed</span>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 22387996"/>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="36ba90f9e6002022d6b1bc6f0e43888c847d30f24e899f25d02c68f1f9b73247"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
To:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
From:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
|
||
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
|
||
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
|
||
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="send">
|
||
Send email
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="email"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="collections-action-panel"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to Collections
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="controls-wrapper">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
|
||
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
|
||
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
|
||
</select>
|
||
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="collections"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Add to My Bibliography
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
|
||
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
|
||
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
|
||
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
|
||
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
|
||
<div class="choice-group">
|
||
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
|
||
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
|
||
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Add
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="mybib"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
|
||
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your saved search
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
|
||
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
|
||
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of saved search:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="saved-search-name"
|
||
id="saved-search-name"
|
||
class="saved-search-name"
|
||
value=""
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Search terms:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
|
||
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
|
||
Would you like email updates of new search results?
|
||
</span>
|
||
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
|
||
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
|
||
<ul class="radio-group-items">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</fieldset>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Frequency:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
|
||
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
|
||
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
|
||
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
|
||
<option value="day">The first day</option>
|
||
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Which day?
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
|
||
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
|
||
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
|
||
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
|
||
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
|
||
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
|
||
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Report format:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
|
||
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
|
||
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
|
||
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
|
||
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Send at most:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
|
||
<option value="1">1 item</option>
|
||
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10 items</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20 items</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50 items</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100 items</option>
|
||
<option value="200">200 items</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div>
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
|
||
Send even when there aren't any new results
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
|
||
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Optional text in email:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
id="saved-search-email-text"
|
||
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Saving..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Save
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Create a file for external citation management software
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
|
||
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
|
||
method="post"
|
||
data-by-search-method="post"
|
||
data-by-ids-method="post">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Sending..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create file
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
|
||
Your RSS Feed
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
|
||
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
|
||
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
|
||
data-search-form-term-value="">
|
||
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7">
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name of RSS Feed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input maxlength="200"
|
||
placeholder="Name"
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="rss-name"
|
||
id="rss-name"
|
||
class="rss-name"
|
||
value=''
|
||
required
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
|
||
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Number of items displayed:
|
||
</label>
|
||
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
|
||
<option value="5">5</option>
|
||
<option value="10">10</option>
|
||
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
|
||
<option value="20">20</option>
|
||
<option value="50">50</option>
|
||
<option value="100">100</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-actions">
|
||
<button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Creating..."
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="save">
|
||
Create RSS
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="alert"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
|
||
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
|
||
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
|
||
<button
|
||
type="button"
|
||
disabled
|
||
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="rss"
|
||
data-ga-label="copy">
|
||
Copy
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="22387996">
|
||
<aside class="page-sidebar">
|
||
<div class="inner-wrap">
|
||
|
||
<div class="full-text-links">
|
||
<div class="full-view">
|
||
<h3 class="title">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="full-text-links-list">
|
||
<a class="link-item
|
||
|
||
dialog-focus"
|
||
href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1106"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3094&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=22387996&db=pubmed&nlmid=9216904"
|
||
title="See full text options at Nature Publishing Group"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="Nature Publishing Group"
|
||
data-ga-label="22387996"
|
||
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.nature.com-static-images-logos-nature-portfolio-120.png" alt="Nature Publishing Group full text link"><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Nature Publishing Group
|
||
|
||
</span></a><a class="link-item
|
||
pmc
|
||
"
|
||
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/22387996/"
|
||
target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noopener"
|
||
|
||
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=22387996&db=pubmed&nlmid=9216904"
|
||
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
|
||
|
||
data-ga-category="full_text"
|
||
data-ga-action="PMC"
|
||
data-ga-label="22387996"
|
||
><span class="text">
|
||
|
||
Free PMC article
|
||
|
||
</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="short-view">
|
||
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
|
||
Full text links
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
|
||
data-ga-category="save_share"
|
||
data-ga-action="cite"
|
||
data-ga-label="open"
|
||
data-all-citations-url="/22387996/citations/"
|
||
data-citation-style="nlm"
|
||
data-pubmed-format-link="/22387996/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="22387996" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
|
||
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_button"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
|
||
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F22387996%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
|
||
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
|
||
class="dialog collections-dialog"
|
||
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
|
||
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
|
||
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
|
||
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
|
||
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
|
||
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
|
||
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="f2c1pgcjfHOLVmw6fqVBhpE20yrWqbSNwPW626FFPiBfPNCWSJyDLxaGyC98jMq7"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
|
||
class="collections-new"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="new"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
|
||
class="collections-existing"
|
||
name="collections"
|
||
value="existing"
|
||
checked="true"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
|
||
Name your collection:
|
||
</label><input
|
||
type="text"
|
||
name="add-to-new-collection"
|
||
id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new"
|
||
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
|
||
pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"
|
||
maxlength="100"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="create_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Name must be less than 100 characters
|
||
</div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
|
||
Choose a collection:
|
||
</label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing"
|
||
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="select_collection"
|
||
data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
|
||
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit"
|
||
type="submit"
|
||
data-loading-label="Adding..."
|
||
data-pinger-ignore
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="add">
|
||
Add
|
||
</button><button class="action-panel-cancel"
|
||
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
|
||
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
|
||
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-ga-category="collections_button"
|
||
data-ga-action="click"
|
||
data-ga-label="cancel">
|
||
Cancel
|
||
</button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger"
|
||
title="Open dialog with more actions to take"
|
||
ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format"
|
||
data-default-format-value="abstract"
|
||
data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button
|
||
class="trigger usa-button"
|
||
title="Change format"
|
||
data-ga-category="display_options"
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Mutations in axonemal dynein assembly factor DNAAF3 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia
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Mutations in axonemal dynein assembly factor DNAAF3 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia
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Primary ciliary dyskinesia most often arises from loss of the dynein motors that power ciliary beating. Here we show that DNAAF3 (also known as PF22), a previously uncharacterized protein, is essential for the preassembly of dyneins into complexes before their transport into cilia. We identified loss-of-function mutations in the human DNAAF3 gene in individuals from families with situs inversus and defects in the assembly of inner and outer dynein arms. Knockdown of dnaaf3 in zebrafish likewise disrupts dynein arm assembly and ciliary motility, causing primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes that include hydrocephalus and laterality malformations. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii PF22 is exclusively cytoplasmic, and a PF22-null mutant cannot assemble any outer and some inner dynein arms. Altered abundance of dynein subunits in mutant cytoplasm suggests that DNAAF3 (PF22) acts at a similar stage as other preassembly proteins, for example, DNAAF2 (also known as PF13 or KTU) and DNAAF1 (also known as ODA7 or LRRC50), in the dynein preassembly pathway. These results support the existence of a conserved, multistep pathway for the cytoplasmic formation of assembly competent ciliary dynein complexes.
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<a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources"
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data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a>
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3f1e/3315610/532f2593415c/nihms-350135-f0001.gif"
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<strong class="figure-label">
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<p> Figure 1. The <i> Chlamydomonas PF22 </i> locus encodes… </p>
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<p> Figure 1. The <i> Chlamydomonas PF22 </i> locus encodes a conserved cytoplasmic protein important for axonemal dynein… </p>
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<strong class="figure-label">
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Figure 1. The <i>Chlamydomonas PF22</i> locus encodes a conserved cytoplasmic protein important for axonemal dynein assembly
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(a) Demembranated flagellar axonemes from wild type, <i>pf22</i>, and the <i>pf22</i> strain transformed with untagged (<i>R22</i>) or cMyc-tagged (<i>Myc22</i>) wild type <i>PF22</i> genes probed for the presence of assembled dynein subunits. Upper panel, Coomassie-stained gel of total axonemal proteins, showing an overall reduction of high molecular weight dynein heavy chain bands in <i>pf22</i> axonemes (arrowhead). Lower panels, Western blots (WB) probed for ODA subunits (IC2) and subunits of three IDAs, showing ODAs and IDA “b” and “c” missing from pf22 axonemes, whereas IDA “f” is retained at normal levels. Assembly of all three missing dyneins is rescued by transformation with untagged or Myc-tagged gene copies. (b) Dendrogram of sequence relationships among PF22 eukaryotic orthologs shows the presence of a single orthologous sequence in each genome. (c) Dot matrix representation of sequence similarity in a pair-wise comparison of human and <i>Chlamydomonas</i> PF22 protein sequences. Similarity extends throughout both sequences except for two insertions specific to the algal protein. (d) Blots of cell fractions from <i>Chlamydomonas</i> transformed with Myc-tagged PF22 probed using anti-Myc antibody to show the relative abundance of PF22 in cytoplasmic and flagellar fractions. Upper panel: extracts from untagged (WT) and Myc-tagged (Myc22) strains show a single 60 kDa band in the transformed strain, as well as several non-specific bands. Flagellar axoneme protein loaded at a 1:1 or 50:1 stoichiometric ratio to the extract lanes does not have any detectable 60 kDa band. Lower panel: identical samples probed with anti-IC2 as a control to show the relative abundance of axonemal dynein subunits in the cytoplasmic and flagellar fractions. Numbers are size markers (kDa). Protein sequences used in the alignments (b, c) are AEC04845 (<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>); XP_003054829 (<i>Micromonas pusilla</i>, microalga); XP_814338 (<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, trypanosome); CAK83719 (<i>Paramecium tetraurelia</i>, ciliate); ACI64850 (<i>Thalassiosira pseudonana</i>, diatom); EGF76589 (<i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i>, chytrid fungus); EGD81026 (<i>Salpingoeca</i> sp., choanozoan); NP_849159 (<i>Homo sapiens</i>, human); XP_002130641 (<i>Ciona intestinalis</i>, sea squirt); AAI08526 (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>, frog); XP_785142 (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>, sea urchin).</div>
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3f1e/3315610/8b37d43d2a34/nihms-350135-f0002.gif"
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<p> Figure 2. Identification of <i> DNAAF3 </i> mutations in… </p>
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<p> Figure 2. Identification of <i> DNAAF3 </i> mutations in PCD patients with dynein assembly defects </p>
|
||
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> (a) Pedigrees… </p></div>
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Figure 2. Identification of <i>DNAAF3</i> mutations in PCD patients with dynein assembly defects
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(a) Pedigrees of three families found to carry <i>DNAAF3</i> mutations are shown. The individuals in generations I and II in each family are inferred to indicate consanguineous unions. Filled symbols indicate individuals with PCD, those with situs inversus denoted by an asterisk, and a double horizontal line represents a consanguineous marriage. UCL89 has two affected monozygous twins. (b) Sequence chromatograms for control individuals (top panels) and representative affected individuals from the families (bottom panels), show mutations in the DNA (arrows) and consequences for the protein, with the location of each mutation shown within the gene (bottom). (c) An extract of a multiple species alignment of DNAAF3/PF22 proteins is shown with the position of the highly conserved p.Leu108 residue indicated by a red arrow. Protein sequences used for the multispecies alignment are NP_849159 (<i>Homo sapiens</i>); NP_001028720 (<i>Mus musculus</i>); XP_541416 (<i>Canis familiaris</i>, dog); XP_001921018 (<i>Danio rerio</i>, zebrafish); XP_002938320 (<i>Xenopus tropicalis</i>); CAK83719 (<i>Paramecium tetrauralia</i>) and XP_001025714 (<i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i>). The <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> protein sequence is newly reported here.</div>
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<img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail"
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src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3f1e/3315610/52b9509e30fa/nihms-350135-f0003.gif"
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<p> Figure 3. Absence of outer dynein arms… </p>
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||
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<p> Figure 3. Absence of outer dynein arms in respiratory epithelial cell cilia of PCD patients… </p>
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Figure 3. Absence of outer dynein arms in respiratory epithelial cell cilia of PCD patients carrying <i>DNAAF3</i> mutations
|
||
</strong>
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|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(a) Transmission electron microscopy of representative cilia cross sections in family UCL89 showing loss of both outer and inner dynein arms in affected individuals. Top row, cross sections of cilia from a control and two unaffected individuals from UCL89: III.1 (unaffected father) and IV.6 (unaffected sibling). Bottom row, cross sections of cilia from three affected siblings: IV.2, IV.3 and IV.5. The outer and inner dynein arms are indicated by red arrows. Scale bar, 0.2 um. (b) Cells double-labeled for anti-alpha/beta-tubulin to label the cilia axoneme (red) and DNAH5 (green) show that both proteins colocalize along the entire cilia in cells from the unaffected control, but DNAH5 does not appear in the cilia of any of the three affected individuals IV.2, IV.3 or IV.5, showing that DNAAF3 is necessary for outer row dynein assembly. Reduced amounts of DNAH5 label appear in the apical cytoplasm in some DNAAF3 patient cells (IV.5), suggesting that some outer row dynein proteins are present in a form that cannot assemble into cilia. Nuclei are stained with Hoechst 33342. Scale bar, 5 um.</div>
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<p> Figure 4. Absence of inner row dynein… </p>
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<p> Figure 4. Absence of inner row dynein subunit DNALI1 in respiratory epithelial cell cilia of… </p>
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Figure 4. Absence of inner row dynein subunit DNALI1 in respiratory epithelial cell cilia of PCD patients carrying <i>DNAAF3</i> mutations
|
||
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|
||
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||
|
||
<div class="figure-caption-contents">Cells double-labeled for anti-alpha/beta tubulin to label the cilia axoneme (red) and DNALI1 (green) show that both proteins colocalize along the axoneme of cilia in cells from an unaffected control, but DNALI1 is absent from the cilia of the three affected individuals IV.2, IV.3 and IV.5, demonstrating the disruption of inner dynein arm assembly in airway cilia of these patients. Nuclei are stained with Hoechst 33342. Scale bar, 5 um.</div>
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<p> Figure 5. Morpholino knockdown of <i> dnaaf3 </i> in… </p>
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<p> Figure 5. Morpholino knockdown of <i> dnaaf3 </i> in zebrafish embryos results in axis curvature defects, kidney… </p>
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Figure 5. Morpholino knockdown of <i>dnaaf3</i> in zebrafish embryos results in axis curvature defects, kidney cysts, hydrocephalus, perturbed otolith development and laterality defects
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(a-e) Representative images of phenotypes of <i>dnaaf3</i> MO-injected zebrafish embryos at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). Morphant fish display a curly-tail phenotype compared to an unaffected sibling (a, b), develop pronephric cysts (a-d, black arrows) and hydrocephalus (c-e, white asterisks). (e) An example of a <i>dnaaf3</i> MO-injected zebrafish embryo displaying hydrocephalus (white asterisk) and an abnormal number (three) of inner-ear otoliths (white arrow). (f) Graph showing the percentage of embryos injected with <i>dnaaf3</i> MO ex3 or <i>dnaaf3</i> MO ex8 displaying the defects shown in a-e, compared to wildtype (302-315 embryos per group). Axis curvature was scored visually as normal (0-5% curl of the tail), mild with a slight curved or bent tail (5-50% curling of the tail) or severe (over 50% curling of the tail, sometimes curled over itself). The occurrence of pronephric cysts (KID), hydrocephalus (HYD) and abnormal otolith numbers (OTO) is also shown. The <i>dnaaf3</i> morphant embryos had left-right axis determination defects visualized via whole-mount in situ hybridization for <i>cmlc2</i> at 48 hpf (g, upper panel). (g, lower panel) Graph of the proportion of these phenotypes, comparing 48 hpf <i>cmlc2</i> in situ results (N=144) with visual scoring at 72 hpf of heart looping (N=315). SS, <i>situs solitus;</i> SI, <i>situs inversus</i>; ML, bilateral expression with the heart positioned along the midline; Unclear, heart position undeterminable. (h, i) Transmission electron micrographs of olfactory placode cilia cross-sections show reduction and loss of dynein arms (red arrows) in morphants compared to wildtype siblings. Scale bars = 500 μm (a, b), 200 μm (c-e, g), or 100 nm (h, i).</div>
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<p> Figure 6. Altered ODA subunit abundance in… </p>
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<p> Figure 6. Altered ODA subunit abundance in the <i> Chlamydomonas pf22 </i> mutant cytoplasm </p>
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Figure 6. Altered ODA subunit abundance in the <i>Chlamydomonas pf22</i> mutant cytoplasm
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(a) Cytoplasmic abundance of ODA subunits that fail to assemble in <i>pf22</i> flagella. Upper panel, stained gel shows equal loading of cytoplasmic extracts from wild type and assembly mutant strains<i>.</i> Lower panels, blots probed with antibodies to four ODA subunits. IC2 has an abnormally increased abundance in all three mutant strains<i>.</i> Dynein heavy chains appear at near-normal levels in <i>pf22</i>, but HCα is reduced in <i>oda7</i>, and both HCβ and HCγ are reduced in <i>oda7</i> and in <i>pf13</i>. (b) Comparison of HCα and IC2 cytoplasmic abundance in single mutants <i>pf22</i> and <i>oda7</i> and in a double mutant <i>pf22oda7</i> strain. HCα abundance is intermediate in the double mutant. CB, portion of Coomassie blue stained gel showing equal protein loads. (c-e) Proteolytic sensitivity of outer dynein arm heavy chains in the cytoplasm of <i>Chlamydomonas</i> assembly mutants. Extracts treated for 5 min with the indicated concentrations of trypsin were blotted for HCα (c), HCβ (d) or HCγ (e). Extracts from <i>oda9</i>, which does not alter heavy chain abundance, were used as controls. (c) Altered sensitivity of HCα is only seen in the <i>oda7</i> cytoplasm, as evidenced by rapid loss of a high molecular weight band (arrowhead) and the appearance of a new band (arrow). One non-specific band appears only on the <i>oda7</i> blot due to the 10-fold longer exposure time required to visualize HCα in this strain. (d-e) HCβ and HCγ show altered proteolytic patterns in both <i>oda7</i> and <i>pf13</i> cytoplasm, but not in <i>pf22</i> cytoplasm. Arrows indicate bands that only appear in strains with increased heavy chain protease sensitivity. (f) Cytoplasmic heavy chain turnover tested by treating cells with cycloheximide (CHX) for the indicated number of hours. Whole cell samples were probed for outer dynein arm heavy chains HCα and HCβ. Control strains <i>oda1</i> and <i>oda16</i> have normal cytoplasmic assembly of dynein complexes (see text for details). The reductions in HCβ abundance in <i>pf22</i> and <i>pf13</i> (a,b) correlate with reduced protein half-lives (c-e). The half life of HCα is also shorter in the <i>pf13</i> cytoplasm, but unaffected in <i>pf22</i>. The greatly reduced abundance of HCα in <i>oda7</i> (a,b) correlates with a half-life reduced to less than 3 hr (f). The size of standards (kDa) is shown next to the stained gel in (a) and to the right of each <i>oda7</i> panel in (c-e).</div>
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<p> Figure 7. The <i> Chlamydomonas pf22 </i> mutant fails… </p>
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<p> Figure 7. The <i> Chlamydomonas pf22 </i> mutant fails to correctly assemble outer dynein arms in the… </p>
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Figure 7. The <i>Chlamydomonas pf22</i> mutant fails to correctly assemble outer dynein arms in the cytoplasm
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">Immunoprecipitation was used to test for formation of dynein complexes in the <i>pf22</i> cytoplasm. (a) Immunoprecipitates produced with anti-HCβ monoclonal antibody were probed with antibodies to three outer row dynein subunits. All three co-precipitate from wild type cytoplasm, but the antibody failed to bind its antigen in the <i>pf22</i> extract. (b) Immunoprecipitates produced with anti-HA epitope monoclonal antibody from extracts of cells expressing HA-IC2 were probed with anti-HA and chain-specific antibodies. All three heavy chains co-precipitate with IC2 from wild type extract, and reduced amounts co-precipitate from <i>pf22</i> extract.</div>
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<p> Figure 8. Hypothesized pathway of cytoplasmic assembly… </p>
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<p> Figure 8. Hypothesized pathway of cytoplasmic assembly of axonemal outer row dynein </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The three heavy… </p></div>
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Figure 8. Hypothesized pathway of cytoplasmic assembly of axonemal outer row dynein
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">The three heavy chains present in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> outer dynein arms appear to require the action of ODA7 and PF13 for proper folding of their head domains, and all three assembly factors for their stability. These assembly factors may also be important for later steps in which heavy chains associate with intermediate chains. We hypothesize that these assembly factors work with a chaperone complex (labeled with “?”). In the absence of PF22, an epitope on the tail of HCβ is inaccessible; therefore PF22 may be required for dissociation of the chaperone complex at the completion of assembly. Order of addition of the three heavy chains (only two of which have orthologs in vertebrates) is speculative, but consistent with assembly defects observed previously in the absence of individual heavy chains.</div>
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Bacterial Proteins / genetics
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Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
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|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Base Sequence
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-6"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Base Sequence"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Base+Sequence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Base+Sequence%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Base Sequence"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Base Sequence">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Base+Sequence"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Base Sequence">
|
||
Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Base Sequence"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
||
data-ga-label=""Base Sequence"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / genetics"
|
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tabindex="0"
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-7"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / genetics">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Chlamydomonas+reinhardtii"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / genetics">
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cilia / genetics"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Cilia / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-8"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cilia / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Cilia%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Cilia%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cilia/genetics"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Cilia / genetics">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cilia"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Cilia / genetics">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
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</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Cilia/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Cilia/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Cytoplasm / genetics"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Cytoplasm / genetics
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-9"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Cytoplasm / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Cytoplasm%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Cytoplasm%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Cytoplasm/genetics"[MeSH]"
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data-ga-category="search"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
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data-ga-label="Cytoplasm / genetics">
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cytoplasm"
|
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data-ga-category="search_mesh"
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
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data-ga-label="Cytoplasm / genetics">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Cytoplasm/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Cytoplasm/genetics"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Female"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Female
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-10"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Female"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Female"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Female">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Female">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Female"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
||
data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Female"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Humans"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Humans
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-11"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Humans"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Humans"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Humans">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Humans">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
||
role="button"
|
||
data-search-term=""Humans"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Humans"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Kartagener Syndrome / genetics*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
||
aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Kartagener Syndrome / genetics*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-12"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Kartagener Syndrome / genetics*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Kartagener+Syndrome%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Kartagener+Syndrome%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Kartagener Syndrome/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Kartagener Syndrome / genetics*">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Kartagener+Syndrome"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Kartagener Syndrome / genetics*">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Kartagener Syndrome/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Kartagener Syndrome/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Male
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Male">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
||
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
||
data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Male">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]"
|
||
href="#">
|
||
Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
||
aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Microtubule-Associated Proteins / chemistry"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14"
|
||
aria-expanded="false"
|
||
data-pinger-ignore>
|
||
Microtubule-Associated Proteins / chemistry
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Microtubule-Associated Proteins / chemistry"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Microtubule-Associated+Proteins%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Microtubule-Associated+Proteins%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Microtubule-Associated Proteins / chemistry">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
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</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Microtubule-Associated+Proteins"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Microtubule-Associated Proteins / chemistry">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry"[MeSH]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry"[MeSH]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Microtubule-Associated Proteins / genetics*"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Microtubule-Associated Proteins / genetics*
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Microtubule-Associated Proteins / genetics*"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Microtubule-Associated+Proteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Microtubule-Associated+Proteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Microtubule-Associated Proteins / genetics*">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
|
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href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Microtubule-Associated+Proteins"
|
||
data-ga-category="search_mesh"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term_link"
|
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data-ga-label="Microtubule-Associated Proteins / genetics*">
|
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Search in MeSH
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link"
|
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role="button"
|
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data-search-term=""Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
||
data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="add_to_search"
|
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data-ga-label=""Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics"[MAJR]"
|
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href="#">
|
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Add to Search
|
||
</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Molecular Sequence Data"
|
||
tabindex="0"
|
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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16"
|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Molecular Sequence Data
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16"
|
||
class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
||
hidden
|
||
aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Molecular Sequence Data"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Molecular+Sequence+Data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
data-href="/?term=%22Molecular+Sequence+Data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
||
ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Molecular Sequence Data"[MeSH]"
|
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data-ga-category="search"
|
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data-ga-action="mesh_term"
|
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data-ga-label="Molecular Sequence Data">
|
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Search in PubMed
|
||
</a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link"
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Mutation
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mutation"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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Sequence Alignment
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
|
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Situs Inversus / genetics
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Zebrafish / genetics
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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Zebrafish Proteins / chemistry
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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Zebrafish Proteins / genetics
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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Zebrafish Proteins / metabolism
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Zebrafish Proteins / metabolism"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
||
href="/?term=%22Zebrafish+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
|
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data-href="/?term=%22Zebrafish+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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|
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Search in MeSH
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|
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</div>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Substances
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins"
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aria-expanded="false"
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Bacterial Proteins
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Bacterial Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
|
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href="/?term=%22Bacterial+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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|
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DNAAF3 protein, human
|
||
</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1"
|
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hidden
|
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Search in MeSH
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Microtubule-Associated Proteins"
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|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Microtubule-Associated Proteins
|
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|
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hidden
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Microtubule-Associated Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Microtubule-Associated+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Zebrafish Proteins"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Zebrafish Proteins
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-3"
|
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Zebrafish Proteins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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href="/?term=%22Zebrafish+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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data-search-term=""Zebrafish Proteins"[nm]"
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Add to Search
|
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link"
|
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aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Axonemal Dyneins"
|
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tabindex="0"
|
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|
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aria-expanded="false"
|
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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Axonemal Dyneins
|
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</button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-4"
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class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
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hidden
|
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aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Axonemal Dyneins"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link"
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Search in PubMed
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Search in MeSH
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Add to Search
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</a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul>
|
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</div>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="supplemental-data" class="supplemental-data">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Associated data
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="supplemental-data-list"><li><div class="supplemental-data-actions dropdown-block"><button class="supplemental-data-actions-trigger trigger"
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title="Supplemental Data Dropdown Toggle"
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data-pinger-ignore>
|
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GENBANK/HQ424432
|
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</button><div id="supplemental-data-GENBANK-HQ424432"
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class="supplemental-data-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container"
|
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hidden
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Search in Nucleotide
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|
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<div id="related-links" class="related-links">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Related information
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="related-links-list"><li><a title="Clinical variations associated with publication" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar?linkname=pubmed_clinvar&from_uid=22387996"
|
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ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=1">
|
||
ClinVar
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Link to related Genes" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?linkname=pubmed_gene&from_uid=22387996"
|
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ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=2">
|
||
Gene
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Link to Gene for the GeneRIF subcategory" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?linkname=pubmed_gene_rif&from_uid=22387996"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=3">
|
||
Gene (GeneRIF)
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Related information in MedGen" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?linkname=pubmed_medgen&from_uid=22387996"
|
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ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=4">
|
||
MedGen
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Published Nucleotide sequences" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore?linkname=pubmed_nuccore&from_uid=22387996"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=5">
|
||
Nucleotide
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="OMIM (cited) Links" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim?linkname=pubmed_omim_cited&from_uid=22387996"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=6">
|
||
OMIM (cited)
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Published protein sequences" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein?linkname=pubmed_protein&from_uid=22387996"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=7">
|
||
Protein
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Link to Protein RefSeqs" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein?linkname=pubmed_protein_refseq&from_uid=22387996"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=8">
|
||
Protein (RefSeq)
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="Related PubChem Compound via MeSH" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pccompound?linkname=pubmed_pccompound_mesh&from_uid=22387996"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=9">
|
||
PubChem Compound (MeSH Keyword)
|
||
</a></li><li><a title="PubMed to SNP links" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp?linkname=pubmed_snp&from_uid=22387996"
|
||
ref="log$=recordlinks&logdbfrom=pubmed&ncbi_uid=22387996&ordinalpos=1&linkpos=10">
|
||
SNP
|
||
</a></li></ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="grants" class="grants">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
Grants and funding
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="grants-list"><ul id="grants-head-list"><li class="grant-item"><a
|
||
title="All articles for grant WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom"
|
||
href="/?term=WT_%2FWellcome+Trust%2FUnited+Kingdom%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
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</a></li><li class="grant-item"><a
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title="All articles for grant R01 GM044228/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States"
|
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R01 GM044228/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
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</a></li><li class="grant-item"><a
|
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title="All articles for grant R01 GM044228-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States"
|
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R01 GM044228-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
|
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</a></li><li class="grant-item"><a
|
||
title="All articles for grant R01-GM044228/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States"
|
||
href="/?term=R01-GM044228%2FGM%2FNIGMS+NIH+HHS%2FUnited+States%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc"
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|
||
</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="linkout" class="linkout">
|
||
<h2 class="title">
|
||
LinkOut - more resources
|
||
</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="linkout-list"><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Full Text Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a
|
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href="https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/22387996"
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Europe PubMed Central
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</a></li><li><a
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target="_blank"
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Nature Publishing Group
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</a></li><li><a
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href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/22387996/"
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