93 lines
99 KiB
HTML
93 lines
99 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html amp lang="en-US" data-amp-auto-lightbox-disable transformed="self;v=1" i-amphtml-layout="" i-amphtml-no-boilerplate="">
|
||
<head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ampproject.org"><style amp-runtime="" i-amphtml-version="012502032353000">html{overflow-x:hidden!important}html.i-amphtml-fie{height:100%!important;width:100%!important}html:not([amp4ads]),html:not([amp4ads]) body{height:auto!important}html:not([amp4ads]) body{margin:0!important}body{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%}html.i-amphtml-singledoc.i-amphtml-embedded{-ms-touch-action:pan-y pinch-zoom;touch-action:pan-y pinch-zoom}html.i-amphtml-fie>body,html.i-amphtml-singledoc>body{overflow:visible!important}html.i-amphtml-fie:not(.i-amphtml-inabox)>body,html.i-amphtml-singledoc:not(.i-amphtml-inabox)>body{position:relative!important}html.i-amphtml-ios-embed-legacy>body{overflow-x:hidden!important;overflow-y:auto!important;position:absolute!important}html.i-amphtml-ios-embed{overflow-y:auto!important;position:static}#i-amphtml-wrapper{overflow-x:hidden!important;overflow-y:auto!important;position:absolute!important;top:0!important;left:0!important;right:0!important;bottom:0!important;margin:0!important;display:block!important}html.i-amphtml-ios-embed.i-amphtml-ios-overscroll,html.i-amphtml-ios-embed.i-amphtml-ios-overscroll>#i-amphtml-wrapper{-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch!important}#i-amphtml-wrapper>body{position:relative!important;border-top:1px solid transparent!important}#i-amphtml-wrapper+body{visibility:visible}#i-amphtml-wrapper+body .i-amphtml-lightbox-element,#i-amphtml-wrapper+body[i-amphtml-lightbox]{visibility:hidden}#i-amphtml-wrapper+body[i-amphtml-lightbox] .i-amphtml-lightbox-element{visibility:visible}#i-amphtml-wrapper.i-amphtml-scroll-disabled,.i-amphtml-scroll-disabled{overflow-x:hidden!important;overflow-y:hidden!important}amp-instagram{padding:54px 0px 0px!important;background-color:#fff}amp-iframe iframe{box-sizing:border-box!important}[amp-access][amp-access-hide]{display:none}[subscriptions-dialog],body:not(.i-amphtml-subs-ready) [subscriptions-action],body:not(.i-amphtml-subs-ready) [subscriptions-section]{display:none!important}amp-experiment,amp-live-list>[update]{display:none}amp-list[resizable-children]>.i-amphtml-loading-container.amp-hidden{display:none!important}amp-list [fetch-error],amp-list[load-more] [load-more-button],amp-list[load-more] [load-more-end],amp-list[load-more] [load-more-failed],amp-list[load-more] [load-more-loading]{display:none}amp-list[diffable] div[role=list]{display:block}amp-story-page,amp-story[standalone]{min-height:1px!important;display:block!important;height:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;overflow:hidden!important;width:100%!important}amp-story[standalone]{background-color:#000!important;position:relative!important}amp-story-page{background-color:#757575}amp-story .amp-active>div,amp-story .i-amphtml-loader-background{display:none!important}amp-story-page:not(:first-of-type):not([distance]):not([active]){transform:translateY(1000vh)!important}amp-autocomplete{position:relative!important;display:inline-block!important}amp-autocomplete>input,amp-autocomplete>textarea{padding:0.5rem;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.33)}.i-amphtml-autocomplete-results,amp-autocomplete>input,amp-autocomplete>textarea{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem}[amp-fx^=fly-in]{visibility:hidden}amp-script[nodom],amp-script[sandboxed]{position:fixed!important;top:0!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;visibility:hidden}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=/css/ampdoc.css*/[hidden]{display:none!important}.i-amphtml-element{display:inline-block}.i-amphtml-blurry-placeholder{transition:opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.0,0.0,0.2,1)!important;pointer-events:none}[layout=nodisplay]:not(.i-amphtml-element){display:none!important}.i-amphtml-layout-fixed,[layout=fixed][width][height]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-fixed){display:inline-block;position:relative}.i-amphtml-layout-responsive,[layout=responsive][width][height]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-responsive),[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-layout-responsive),[width][height][sizes]:not(img):not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-layout-responsive){display:block;position:relative}.i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic,[layout=intrinsic][width][height]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic){display:inline-block;position:relative;max-width:100%}.i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic .i-amphtml-sizer{max-width:100%}.i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer{max-width:100%;display:block!important}.i-amphtml-layout-container,.i-amphtml-layout-fixed-height,[layout=container],[layout=fixed-height][height]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-fixed-height){display:block;position:relative}.i-amphtml-layout-fill,.i-amphtml-layout-fill.i-amphtml-notbuilt,[layout=fill]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-fill),body noscript>*{display:block;overflow:hidden!important;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0}body noscript>*{position:absolute!important;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:2}body noscript{display:inline!important}.i-amphtml-layout-flex-item,[layout=flex-item]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-flex-item){display:block;position:relative;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.i-amphtml-layout-fluid{position:relative}.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined{overflow:hidden!important}.i-amphtml-layout-awaiting-size{position:absolute!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important}i-amphtml-sizer{display:block!important}@supports (aspect-ratio:1/1){i-amphtml-sizer.i-amphtml-disable-ar{display:none!important}}.i-amphtml-blurry-placeholder,.i-amphtml-fill-content{display:block;height:0;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;width:0;margin:auto}.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined .i-amphtml-fill-content{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0}.i-amphtml-replaced-content,.i-amphtml-screen-reader{padding:0!important;border:none!important}.i-amphtml-screen-reader{position:fixed!important;top:0px!important;left:0px!important;width:4px!important;height:4px!important;opacity:0!important;overflow:hidden!important;margin:0!important;display:block!important;visibility:visible!important}.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader{left:8px!important}.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader{left:12px!important}.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader{left:16px!important}.i-amphtml-unresolved{position:relative;overflow:hidden!important}.i-amphtml-select-disabled{-webkit-user-select:none!important;-ms-user-select:none!important;user-select:none!important}.i-amphtml-notbuilt,[layout]:not(.i-amphtml-element),[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element),[width][height][sizes]:not(img):not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element){position:relative;overflow:hidden!important;color:transparent!important}.i-amphtml-notbuilt:not(.i-amphtml-layout-container)>*,[layout]:not([layout=container]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>*,[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>*,[width][height][sizes]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>*{display:none}amp-img:not(.i-amphtml-element)[i-amphtml-ssr]>img.i-amphtml-fill-content{display:block}.i-amphtml-notbuilt:not(.i-amphtml-layout-container),[layout]:not([layout=container]):not(.i-amphtml-element),[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element),[width][height][sizes]:not(img):not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element){color:transparent!important;line-height:0!important}.i-amphtml-ghost{visibility:hidden!important}.i-amphtml-element>[placeholder],[layout]:not(.i-amphtml-element)>[placeholder],[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>[placeholder],[width][height][sizes]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>[placeholder]{display:block;line-height:normal}.i-amphtml-element>[placeholder].amp-hidden,.i-amphtml-element>[placeholder].hidden{visibility:hidden}.i-amphtml-element:not(.amp-notsupported)>[fallback],.i-amphtml-layout-container>[placeholder].amp-hidden,.i-amphtml-layout-container>[placeholder].hidden{display:none}.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined>[fallback],.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined>[placeholder]{position:absolute!important;top:0!important;left:0!important;right:0!important;bottom:0!important;z-index:1}amp-img[i-amphtml-ssr]:not(.i-amphtml-element)>[placeholder]{z-index:auto}.i-amphtml-notbuilt>[placeholder]{display:block!important}.i-amphtml-hidden-by-media-query{display:none!important}.i-amphtml-element-error{background:red!important;color:#fff!important;position:relative!important}.i-amphtml-element-error:before{content:attr(error-message)}i-amp-scroll-container,i-amphtml-scroll-container{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;display:block}i-amp-scroll-container.amp-active,i-amphtml-scroll-container.amp-active{overflow:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.i-amphtml-loading-container{display:block!important;pointer-events:none;z-index:1}.i-amphtml-notbuilt>.i-amphtml-loading-container{display:block!important}.i-amphtml-loading-container.amp-hidden{visibility:hidden}.i-amphtml-element>[overflow]{cursor:pointer;position:relative;z-index:2;visibility:hidden;display:initial;line-height:normal}.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined>[overflow]{position:absolute}.i-amphtml-element>[overflow].amp-visible{visibility:visible}template{display:none!important}.amp-border-box,.amp-border-box *,.amp-border-box :after,.amp-border-box :before{box-sizing:border-box}amp-pixel{display:none!important}amp-analytics,amp-auto-ads,amp-story-auto-ads{position:fixed!important;top:0!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;visibility:hidden}amp-story{visibility:hidden!important}html.i-amphtml-fie>amp-analytics{position:initial!important}[visible-when-invalid]:not(.visible),form [submit-error],form [submit-success],form [submitting]{display:none}amp-accordion{display:block!important}@media (min-width:1px){:where(amp-accordion>section)>:first-child{margin:0;background-color:#efefef;padding-right:20px;border:1px solid #dfdfdf}:where(amp-accordion>section)>:last-child{margin:0}}amp-accordion>section{float:none!important}amp-accordion>section>*{float:none!important;display:block!important;overflow:hidden!important;position:relative!important}amp-accordion,amp-accordion>section{margin:0}amp-accordion:not(.i-amphtml-built)>section>:last-child{display:none!important}amp-accordion:not(.i-amphtml-built)>section[expanded]>:last-child{display:block!important}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=/css/ampshared.css*/</style><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:title" content="Gendering the Non-Binary, 1763, Part II"><meta property="og:url" content="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/03/gendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-ii/"><meta property="og:description" content="By Allison Hill-Edgar ~ As described in Gendering the Non-binary, 1763, Part I, finding two unsigned engravings of intersex individuals bound in the back of Charles Nicholas Jenty’s Demonstration d…"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-10-03T15:00:25+00:00"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-10-01T19:39:04+00:00"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections"><meta property="og:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1"><meta property="og:image:width" content="900"><meta property="og:image:height" content="400"><meta property="og:image:alt" content="Detail of the head and shoulders of a historical engraving of an artistically posed nude intersex person labeled as female."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@NLM_NIH"><meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Gendering the Non-Binary, 1763, Part II"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&w=640"><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Detail of the head and shoulders of a historical engraving of an artistically posed nude intersex person labeled as female."><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta name="generator" content="AMP Plugin v2.5.5; mode=reader; theme=legacy"><script async="" src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0.mjs" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script async nomodule src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-anim-0.1.mjs" async="" custom-element="amp-anim" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script async nomodule src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-anim-0.1.js" crossorigin="anonymous" custom-element="amp-anim"></script><script src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-social-share-0.1.mjs" async="" custom-element="amp-social-share" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script async nomodule src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-social-share-0.1.js" crossorigin="anonymous" custom-element="amp-social-share"></script><script src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-youtube-0.1.mjs" async="" custom-element="amp-youtube" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script async nomodule src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-youtube-0.1.js" crossorigin="anonymous" custom-element="amp-youtube"></script><style amp-custom="">#amp-mobile-version-switcher{left:0;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:100}#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a{background-color:#444;border:0;color:#eaeaea;display:block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding:15px 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a:active,#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a:focus,#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline}.jp-related-posts-i2__list{--hgap:1rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:var(--hgap);row-gap:2rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.jp-related-posts-i2__post{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child,.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child ~ *{flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) * 2 ) / 3)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child,.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child ~ *{flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;row-gap:.5rem;width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;line-height:1.2}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-link:focus-visible{outline-offset:2px}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-img{order:-1;max-width:100%}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs{margin:0;list-style-type:unset}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dt{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dd{margin:0}.jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__list{display:block}.jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__post{margin-bottom:2rem}@media only screen and (max-width: 640px){.jp-related-posts-i2__list{display:block}.jp-related-posts-i2__post{margin-bottom:2rem}}.tiled-gallery{clear:both;margin:0 0 20px;overflow:hidden}.tiled-gallery amp-img:not(#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_),.tiled-gallery amp-anim:not(#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_){margin:2px}.tiled-gallery .gallery-group{float:left;position:relative}.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item{float:left;margin:0;position:relative;width:inherit}.tiled-gallery .gallery-row{overflow:hidden}.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item a{background:transparent;border:none;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;text-decoration:none;width:auto}.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item amp-img,.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item amp-anim,.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item amp-img:hover,.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item amp-anim:hover{background:none;border:none;box-shadow:none;max-width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align:middle}.tiled-gallery-caption{background:#f0f0f1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.8);color:#333;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 0;position:absolute;bottom:0;text-indent:10px;text-overflow:ellipsis;width:100%;white-space:nowrap}:where(.wp-block-button__link){border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link){border:2px solid;padding:.667em 1.333em}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color)){color:currentColor}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-background)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background)){background-color:initial;background-image:none}:where(.wp-block-columns){margin-bottom:1.75em}:where(.wp-block-columns.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(.wp-block-post-comments input[type=submit]){border:none}:where(.wp-block-cover-image:not(.has-text-color)),:where(.wp-block-cover:not(.has-text-color)){color:#fff}:where(.wp-block-cover-image.is-light:not(.has-text-color)),:where(.wp-block-cover.is-light:not(.has-text-color)){color:#000}:root :where(.wp-block-cover h1:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h2:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h3:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h4:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h5:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h6:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover p:not(.has-text-color)){color:inherit}:where(.wp-block-file){margin-bottom:1.5em}:where(.wp-block-file__button){border-radius:2em;display:inline-block;padding:.5em 1em}:where(.wp-block-file__button):is(a):active,:where(.wp-block-file__button):is(a):focus,:where(.wp-block-file__button):is(a):hover,:where(.wp-block-file__button):is(a):visited{box-shadow:none;color:#fff;opacity:.85;text-decoration:none}:where(.wp-block-group.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained){position:relative}@keyframes show-content-image{0%{visibility:hidden}99%{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@keyframes turn-on-visibility{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes turn-off-visibility{0%{opacity:1;visibility:visible}99%{opacity:0;visibility:visible}to{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-in{0%{transform:translate(calc(( -100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width) ) / 2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale))}to{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1)}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-out{0%{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1);visibility:visible}99%{visibility:visible}to{transform:translate(calc(( -100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width) ) / 2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale));visibility:hidden}}:where(.wp-block-latest-comments:not([data-amp-original-style*=line-height] .wp-block-latest-comments__comment)){line-height:1.1}:where(.wp-block-latest-comments:not([data-amp-original-style*=line-height] .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-excerpt p)){line-height:1.8}:root :where(.wp-block-latest-posts.is-grid){padding:0}:root :where(.wp-block-latest-posts.wp-block-latest-posts__list){padding-left:0}ul{box-sizing:border-box}:root :where(.wp-block-list.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(.wp-block-navigation.has-background .wp-block-navigation-item a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation.has-background .wp-block-navigation-submenu a:not(.wp-element-button)){padding:.5em 1em}:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-item a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-submenu a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-submenu button.wp-block-navigation-item__content),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-pages-list__item button.wp-block-navigation-item__content){padding:.5em 1em}@keyframes overlay-menu__fade-in-animation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(.5em)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}:where(.wp-block-post-excerpt){box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap)}:where(.wp-block-preformatted.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(.wp-block-search__button){border:1px solid #ccc;padding:6px 10px}:where(.wp-block-search__input){font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;text-transform:inherit}:where(.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper){border:1px solid #949494;box-sizing:border-box;padding:4px}:where(.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper) :where(.wp-block-search__button){padding:4px 8px}:root :where(.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots){height:auto;line-height:1;text-align:center}:root :where(.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots):before{color:currentColor;content:"···";font-family:serif;font-size:1.5em;letter-spacing:2em;padding-left:2em}:root :where(.wp-block-site-logo.is-style-rounded){border-radius:9999px}:root :where(.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link a){padding:.25em}:root :where(.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link a){padding:0}:root :where(.wp-block-social-links.is-style-pill-shape .wp-social-link a){padding-left:.6666666667em;padding-right:.6666666667em}:root :where(.wp-block-tag-cloud.is-style-outline){display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1ch}:root :where(.wp-block-tag-cloud.is-style-outline a){border:1px solid;margin-right:0;padding:1ch 2ch}:root :where(.wp-block-tag-cloud.is-style-outline a):not(#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_){font-size:unset;text-decoration:none}:root :where(.wp-block-table-of-contents){box-sizing:border-box}:where(.wp-block-term-description){box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap)}:where(pre.wp-block-verse){font-family:inherit}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.aligncenter{clear:both}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(amp-img[class*=wp-image-]),html :where(amp-anim[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em}@-webkit-keyframes a{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(1turn);transform:rotate(1turn)}}@keyframes a{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(1turn);transform:rotate(1turn)}}@-webkit-keyframes b{0%{background-position:0 0}to{background-position:30px 0}}@keyframes b{0%{background-position:0 0}to{background-position:30px 0}}amp-anim.amp-wp-enforced-sizes,amp-img.amp-wp-enforced-sizes{object-fit:contain}amp-anim img,amp-anim noscript,amp-img img,amp-img noscript{image-rendering:inherit;object-fit:inherit;object-position:inherit}.aligncenter,.alignleft,.alignright{margin-top:1em;margin-right:auto;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:auto}.alignright{float:right}.alignleft{float:left}.aligncenter{display:block;text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.amp-wp-enforced-sizes{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}html{background:#0a5f85}body{background:#fff;color:#353535;font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,Serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.75}p,ul,figure{margin:0 0 1em;padding:0}a,a:visited{color:#0a5f85}a:hover,a:active,a:focus{color:#353535}.amp-wp-meta,.amp-wp-header div,.amp-wp-title,.wp-caption-text,.amp-wp-tax-category,.amp-wp-tax-tag,.amp-wp-comments-link,.amp-wp-footer p,.back-to-top{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI","Roboto","Oxygen-Sans","Ubuntu","Cantarell","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.amp-wp-header{background-color:#0a5f85}.amp-wp-header div{color:#fff;font-size:1em;font-weight:400;margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(840px - 32px);padding:.875em 16px;position:relative}.amp-wp-header a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.amp-wp-header .amp-wp-site-icon{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;position:absolute;right:18px;top:10px}.amp-wp-article{color:#353535;font-weight:400;margin:1.5em auto;max-width:840px;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.amp-wp-article-header{align-items:center;align-content:stretch;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;margin:1.5em 16px 0}.amp-wp-title{color:#353535;display:block;flex:1 0 100%;font-weight:900;margin:0 0 .625em;width:100%}.amp-wp-meta{color:#696969;display:inline-block;flex:2 1 50%;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5em;margin:0 0 1.5em;padding:0}.amp-wp-article-header .amp-wp-meta:last-of-type{text-align:right}.amp-wp-article-header .amp-wp-meta:first-of-type{text-align:left}.amp-wp-byline amp-img,.amp-wp-byline .amp-wp-author{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.amp-wp-byline amp-img{border:1px solid #0a5f85;border-radius:50%;position:relative;margin-right:6px}.amp-wp-posted-on{text-align:right}.amp-wp-article-featured-image{margin:0 0 1em}.amp-wp-article-featured-image img:not(amp-img){max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto}.amp-wp-article-featured-image amp-img{margin:0 auto}.amp-wp-article-featured-image.wp-caption .wp-caption-text{margin:0 18px}.amp-wp-article-content{margin:0 16px}.amp-wp-article-content ul{margin-left:1em}.amp-wp-article-content .wp-caption{max-width:100%}.amp-wp-article-content amp-img{margin:0 auto}.amp-wp-article-content amp-img.alignright{margin:0 0 1em 16px}.amp-wp-article-content amp-img.alignleft{margin:0 16px 1em 0}.wp-caption{padding:0}.wp-caption.alignleft{margin-right:16px}.wp-caption.alignright{margin-left:16px}.wp-caption .wp-caption-text{border-bottom:1px solid #c2c2c2;color:#696969;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5em;margin:0;padding:.66em 10px .75em}amp-youtube{background:#c2c2c2;margin:0 -16px 1.5em}.amp-wp-article-footer .amp-wp-meta{display:block}.amp-wp-tax-category,.amp-wp-tax-tag{color:#696969;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5em;margin:1.5em 16px}.amp-wp-comments-link{color:#696969;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center;margin:2.25em 0 1.5em}.amp-wp-comments-link a{border-style:solid;border-color:#c2c2c2;border-width:1px 1px 2px;border-radius:4px;background-color:transparent;color:#0a5f85;cursor:pointer;display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;line-height:18px;margin:0 auto;max-width:200px;padding:11px 16px;text-decoration:none;width:50%;-webkit-transition:background-color .2s ease;transition:background-color .2s ease}.amp-wp-footer{border-top:1px solid #c2c2c2;margin:calc(1.5em - 1px) 0 0}.amp-wp-footer div{margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(840px - 32px);padding:1.25em 16px 1.25em;position:relative}.amp-wp-footer h2{font-size:1em;line-height:1.375em;margin:0 0 .5em}.amp-wp-footer p{color:#696969;font-size:.8em;line-height:1.5em;margin:0 85px 0 0}.amp-wp-footer a{text-decoration:none}.back-to-top{bottom:1.275em;font-size:.8em;font-weight:600;line-height:2em;position:absolute;right:16px}@font-face{font-family:"social-logos";src:url("data:application/octet-stream;base64,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") format("woff2");font-weight:normal;font-style:normal}amp-social-share{border-radius:50%;color:#fff;-webkit-border-radius:50%;position:relative;line-height:1;width:32px;height:32px;margin:0 5px 5px 0;vertical-align:middle}amp-social-share::before{display:inline-block;font:normal 18px/1 "social-logos";padding:7px;position:relative;top:1px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center}amp-social-share[type='email']{background:#e9e9e9;color:#656565}amp-social-share[type='email']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='tumblr']{background:#2c4762}amp-social-share[type='tumblr']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='facebook']{background:#0866ff}amp-social-share[type='facebook']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='twitter']{background:#00acee}amp-social-share[type='twitter']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='pinterest']{background:#ca1f27}amp-social-share[type='pinterest']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='telegram']{background:#08c}amp-social-share[type='telegram']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='linkedin']{background:#0077b5}amp-social-share[type='linkedin']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='pocket']{background:#ee4056}amp-social-share[type='pocket']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='reddit']{background:#cee3f8;color:#555}amp-social-share[type='reddit']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='skype']{background:#00aff0}amp-social-share[type='skype']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='whatsapp']{background:#43d854}amp-social-share[type='whatsapp']::before{content:""}.jp-related-posts-i2__list{--hgap:1rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:var(--hgap);row-gap:2rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.jp-related-posts-i2__post{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child,.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child ~ *{flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) * 2 ) / 3)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child,.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child ~ *{flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;row-gap:.5rem;width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;line-height:1.2}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-link:focus-visible{outline-offset:2px}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-img{order:-1;max-width:100%}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs{margin:0;list-style-type:unset}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dt{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dd{margin:0}.jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__list{display:block}.jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__post{margin-bottom:2rem}@media only screen and (max-width: 640px){.jp-related-posts-i2__list{display:block}.jp-related-posts-i2__post{margin-bottom:2rem}}.amp-wp-38187f0:not(#_#_#_#_#_){color:#f0f}.amp-wp-5443cfc:not(#_#_#_#_#_){color:#000}.amp-wp-343bce0:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:300px}.amp-wp-b8b7592:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:214px}.amp-wp-b87d5ff:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:747px}.amp-wp-2612280:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:840px;height:379px}.amp-wp-bb9478e:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:284px;height:379px}.amp-wp-6059b29:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:280px;height:375px}.amp-wp-820b3d1:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:272px;height:379px}.amp-wp-fbdd581:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:268px;height:375px}.amp-wp-cbe58fd:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:840px}.amp-wp-b3a15a8:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:100px}
|
||
|
||
/*# sourceURL=amp-custom.css */</style><link rel="canonical" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/03/gendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-ii/"><title>Gendering the Non-Binary, 1763, Part II – Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections</title><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/circulating-nih-logo-v3.png?fit=232%2C60\u0026ssl=1"}},"@type":"BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/03/gendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-ii/","headline":"Gendering the Non-Binary, 1763, Part II","datePublished":"2024-10-03T11:00:25-04:00","dateModified":"2024-10-01T15:39:04-04:00","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Circulating Now"},"image":"https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400\u0026ssl=1"}</script></head>
|
||
|
||
<body class="">
|
||
|
||
<header id="top" class="amp-wp-header">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/">
|
||
<amp-anim src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/circulating-now-512.gif?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" width="32" height="32" class="amp-wp-site-icon amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-hero-candidate="" alt="Site icon" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyIiB3aWR0aD0iMzIiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/circulating-now-512.gif?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" width="32" height="32" alt="Site icon"></noscript></amp-anim>
|
||
<span class="amp-site-title">
|
||
Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<article class="amp-wp-article">
|
||
<header class="amp-wp-article-header">
|
||
<h1 class="amp-wp-title">Gendering the Non-Binary, 1763, Part II</h1>
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-byline">
|
||
<amp-img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73076457ffbda79ef0d169146708c56a?s=72&d=mm&r=pg" srcset="
|
||
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73076457ffbda79ef0d169146708c56a?s=24&d=mm&r=pg 1x,
|
||
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73076457ffbda79ef0d169146708c56a?s=48&d=mm&r=pg 2x,
|
||
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73076457ffbda79ef0d169146708c56a?s=72&d=mm&r=pg 3x
|
||
" alt="Circulating Now" width="24" height="24" layout="fixed" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:24px;height:24px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-img>
|
||
<span class="amp-wp-author author vcard">Circulating Now</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-posted-on">
|
||
<time datetime="2024-10-03T15:00:25+00:00">
|
||
5 months ago </time>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="amp-wp-article-featured-image wp-caption">
|
||
<amp-img width="840" height="373" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=840%2C373&ssl=1" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" alt="Detail of the head and shoulders of a historical engraving of an artistically posed nude intersex person labeled as female." srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?w=900&ssl=1 900w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?resize=300%2C133&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?resize=768%2C341&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?resize=840%2C373&ssl=1 840w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px" data-hero-candidate="" layout="intrinsic" disable-inline-width="" data-hero i-amphtml-ssr i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjM3MyIgd2lkdGg9Ijg0MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><img class="i-amphtml-fill-content i-amphtml-replaced-content" decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="Detail of the head and shoulders of a historical engraving of an artistically posed nude intersex person labeled as female." src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=840%2C373&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?w=900&ssl=1 900w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?resize=300%2C133&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?resize=768%2C341&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/female_2691423R_feature.jpg?resize=840%2C373&ssl=1 840w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px"></amp-img> </figure>
|
||
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-article-content">
|
||
<p><em>By Allison Hill-Edgar</em> ~</p>
|
||
<p>As described in <span data-amp-original-style="color: #ff00ff;" class="amp-wp-38187f0"><span data-amp-original-style="color: #000000;" class="amp-wp-5443cfc"><em><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2024/09/26/gendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-i/">Gendering the Non-binary, 1763</a>, Part I</em>,</span></span> finding two unsigned engravings of intersex individuals bound in the back of Charles Nicholas Jenty’s <a href="https://catalog.nlm.nih.gov/permalink/01NLM_INST/1o1phhn/alma992769403406676"><em>Demonstration de la matrice d’une femme grosse et de son enfant a terme</em></a> (<em>Demonstrations of a pregnant uterus of a woman at her full time</em>) from 1763–1764 in the collection of the NLM was both surprising and thought provoking. The juxtaposition of anatomical images illuminated the longstanding struggle between defining an idealized norm and recognizing the reality of human diversity. Furthermore, it highlighted the medical community’s interest in understanding sex and gender and how they associated non-binary bodies with a binary, functional construct of the female womb.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_21237" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-21237" class="wp-caption alignleft amp-wp-343bce0" data-amp-original-style="width: 300px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?ssl=1"><amp-img class="wp-image-21237 size-medium amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=300%2C239&ssl=1" alt="A woodcut print providing a rough diagram of a uterus with labels in Latin." width="300" height="239" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=300%2C239&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=1024%2C816&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=768%2C612&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=1200%2C957&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=840%2C670&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?w=1505&ssl=1 1505w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" layout="intrinsic" disable-inline-width="" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIzOSIgd2lkdGg9IjMwMCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=300%2C239&ssl=1" alt="A woodcut print providing a rough diagram of a uterus with labels in Latin." width="300" height="239" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=300%2C239&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=1024%2C816&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=768%2C612&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=1200%2C957&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?resize=840%2C670&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hundt-Uterus_2254050R.jpg?w=1505&ssl=1 1505w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"></noscript></amp-img></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-21237" class="wp-caption-text">“Human Uterus” in <em>Antropologium de Hoĩs Dignitate, Natura, et Prietatibus, de Elementis, Partibus et Mẽbris Humani Corporis</em>, 1501 <br><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2254050R"><em>National Library of Medicine #2254050R</em></a></figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>Throughout much of history, the womb has been an enigmatic and mystifying site containing both the secrets and problems of reproduction. Intersex bodies in particular elicited questions about generation, both how such bodies came to be and how they would reproduce. Before the era of surgical “normalization” of intersex genitalia as promoted by <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2017/10/13/dr-john-money-discovered/">Dr. John Money</a> in the mid 20th century, diverse bodies were an evident fact of life and efforts were made to understand and explain individuals’ particular anatomy.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_32139" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-32139" class="wp-caption alignright amp-wp-b8b7592" data-amp-original-style="width: 214px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?ssl=1"><amp-img class="size-medium wp-image-32139 amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=214%2C300&ssl=1" alt="A drawing of the internal organs of a woman's torso, including the uterus." width="214" height="300" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=214%2C300&ssl=1 214w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=729%2C1024&ssl=1 729w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=768%2C1078&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=1094%2C1536&ssl=1 1094w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=840%2C1179&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?w=1312&ssl=1 1312w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px" layout="intrinsic" disable-inline-width="" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjMwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjIxNCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=214%2C300&ssl=1" alt="A drawing of the internal organs of a woman's torso, including the uterus." width="214" height="300" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=214%2C300&ssl=1 214w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=729%2C1024&ssl=1 729w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=768%2C1078&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=1094%2C1536&ssl=1 1094w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?resize=840%2C1179&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_RCIN_912281_The_cardiovascular_system_and_principal_organs_of_a_woman_c.1509-10.jpg?w=1312&ssl=1 1312w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px"></noscript></amp-img></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-32139" class="wp-caption-text">The cardiovascular system and principal organs of a woman c.1509-10 by Leonardo da Vinci<br><a href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/912281/the-cardiovascular-system-and-principal-organs-of-a-woman"><em>RCIN 912281</em></a></figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>An early example of their relationship to the womb was the concept of the seven-celled uterus that was established by <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/topics/greek-medicine/index.html#case3">Galen</a> (131–201 CE) and that persisted into the Renaissance. In <a href="https://catalog.nlm.nih.gov/permalink/01NLM_INST/1o1phhn/alma998886353406676"><em>The Wandering Womb</em></a>, Lana Thompson explains the theory that the uterus contained seven compartments—three for males, three for females, and one in the middle for hermaphrodites. Illustrated examples of this can be seen in <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomy_of_the_uterus_by_Guido_da_Vigevano_(1345).jpg">medieval manuscripts</a>, early Renaissance depictions such as Magnus Hundt’s 1501 “<a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2254050R"><em>Human Uterus</em></a><em>,”</em> and Leonardo da Vinci’s famous anatomical drawing of a female body in 1510. After performing many of his own human and bovine dissections, da Vinci became the first person to document in 1511 that the uterus has only one compartment. These examples reveal that intersex presentations were not only known and accepted, but also were affiliated with the uterus as a site where they were produced, accommodated, or both. From this time onward, “individual lives and deaths appeared in obstetrics, so did personal witnessing and the practical aspect of extraordinary births” (<a href="https://catalog.nlm.nih.gov/permalink/01NLM_INST/1o1phhn/alma9918351083906676"><em>Exceptional bodies in early modern culture: concepts of monstrosity before the advent of the normal</em></a><em>). </em></p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_32140" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-32140" class="wp-caption aligncenter amp-wp-b87d5ff" data-amp-original-style="width: 747px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?ssl=1"><amp-img class="size-large wp-image-32140 amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=747%2C1024&ssl=1" alt="A drawing of a fetus in utero, with the uterus opened out; a smaller sketch of the same, and of details of the placenta and uterus." width="747" height="1024" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=747%2C1024&ssl=1 747w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=219%2C300&ssl=1 219w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=768%2C1052&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=1121%2C1536&ssl=1 1121w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=1495%2C2048&ssl=1 1495w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=840%2C1151&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?w=1680&ssl=1 1680w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px" layout="intrinsic" disable-inline-width="" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjQiIHdpZHRoPSI3NDciIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=747%2C1024&ssl=1" alt="A drawing of a fetus in utero, with the uterus opened out; a smaller sketch of the same, and of details of the placenta and uterus." width="747" height="1024" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=747%2C1024&ssl=1 747w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=219%2C300&ssl=1 219w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=768%2C1052&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=1121%2C1536&ssl=1 1121w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=1495%2C2048&ssl=1 1495w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?resize=840%2C1151&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Studies_of_the_foetus_in_the_womb.jpg?w=1680&ssl=1 1680w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px"></noscript></amp-img></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-32140" class="wp-caption-text">The fetus in the womb; sketches and notes on reproduction c.1511 by Leonardo da Vinci<br><a href="https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/4/collection/919102/the-fetus-in-the-womb-sketches-and-notes-on-reproduction"><em>RCIN 919102</em></a></figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>Another longstanding theory that connected the womb to anomalous bodies was that the maternal imagination had the power to affect and alter the physical outcome of the fetus. This concept originated with <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/topics/greek-medicine/index.html#case1">Hippocrates</a> (c. 460–370 BCE) but endured into the 19th century, when it was replaced by the science of teratology developed by Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Several examples of the power of the maternal imagination in medical literature can be seen in the works of <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/pare_home.html">Ambroise Paré</a>, a 16th century French surgeon. His writings on women’s health depicted the female body as defective, dysfunctional, unstable, and when pregnant, capable of mentally conjuring “monstrosities.” Paré provides multiple illustrations of “witnessed” monstrosities, including conjoined twins, chimeras, intersex individuals, and people with missing or displaced appendages. <strong><br>
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<div class="tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized" data-original-width="840" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/10\/03\/gendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-ii\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="gallery-row amp-wp-2612280" data-original-width="840" data-original-height="379" data-amp-original-style="width: 840px; height: 379px;"> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-bb9478e" data-original-width="284" data-original-height="379" data-amp-original-style="width: 284px; height: 379px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="280"> <meta itemprop="height" content="375"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-6059b29 i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="33412" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,1607" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Pare_mxxii_2274003R" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?fit=224%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?fit=765%2C1024&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?w=280&h=375&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=224%2C300&ssl=1 224w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=765%2C1024&ssl=1 765w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=768%2C1028&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=1147%2C1536&ssl=1 1147w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=840%2C1125&ssl=1 840w" width="280" height="375" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="375" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Pare_mxxii_2274003R" alt="A page of text in french with illustrations of a person with two heads and a mermaid with wings." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 375px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjM3NSIgd2lkdGg9IjI4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?w=280&h=375&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=224%2C300&ssl=1 224w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=765%2C1024&ssl=1 765w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=768%2C1028&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=1147%2C1536&ssl=1 1147w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxii_2274003R.jpg?resize=840%2C1125&ssl=1 840w" width="280" height="375" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Pare_mxxii_2274003R" alt="A page of text in french with illustrations of a person with two heads and a mermaid with wings."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Les oeuures d’Ambroise Paré, 1585 National Library of Medicine #2274003R </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-bb9478e" data-original-width="284" data-original-height="379" data-amp-original-style="width: 284px; height: 379px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="280"> <meta itemprop="height" content="375"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-6059b29 i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="33410" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,1607" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Pare_mxxxv_2274003R" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?fit=224%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?fit=765%2C1024&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?w=280&h=375&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=224%2C300&ssl=1 224w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=765%2C1024&ssl=1 765w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=768%2C1028&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=1147%2C1536&ssl=1 1147w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=840%2C1125&ssl=1 840w" width="280" height="375" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="375" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Pare_mxxxv_2274003R" alt="A page of text in french with illustrations of a man with three shortened and malformed limbs and front and back images of figures with no heads." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 375px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjM3NSIgd2lkdGg9IjI4MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?w=280&h=375&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=224%2C300&ssl=1 224w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=765%2C1024&ssl=1 765w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=768%2C1028&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=1147%2C1536&ssl=1 1147w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxxxv_2274003R.jpg?resize=840%2C1125&ssl=1 840w" width="280" height="375" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Pare_mxxxv_2274003R" alt="A page of text in french with illustrations of a man with three shortened and malformed limbs and front and back images of figures with no heads."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Les oeuures d’Ambroise Paré, 1585 National Library of Medicine #2274003R </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-820b3d1" data-original-width="272" data-original-height="379" data-amp-original-style="width: 272px; height: 379px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="268"> <meta itemprop="height" content="375"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-fbdd581 i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="33411" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg" data-orig-size="1200,1677" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Pare_mxlviii_2274003R" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?fit=215%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?fit=733%2C1024&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?w=268&h=375&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=215%2C300&ssl=1 215w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=733%2C1024&ssl=1 733w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=768%2C1073&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=1099%2C1536&ssl=1 1099w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=840%2C1174&ssl=1 840w" width="268" height="375" data-original-width="268" data-original-height="375" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Pare_mxlviii_2274003R" alt="A page of text in french with illustrations of a male figure with the legs and tail of a dog, and a rotund lion-like creature with a human head." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 268px; height: 375px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjM3NSIgd2lkdGg9IjI2OCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?w=268&h=375&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=215%2C300&ssl=1 215w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=733%2C1024&ssl=1 733w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=768%2C1073&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=1099%2C1536&ssl=1 1099w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Pare_mxlviii_2274003R.jpg?resize=840%2C1174&ssl=1 840w" width="268" height="375" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Pare_mxlviii_2274003R" alt="A page of text in french with illustrations of a male figure with the legs and tail of a dog, and a rotund lion-like creature with a human head."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Les oeuures d’Ambroise Paré, 1585 National Library of Medicine #2274003R </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
|
||
<p>According to Daston and Park in <a href="https://archive.org/details/wondersorderof00dast"><em>Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750</em></a>, “women sometimes bore children with horns and tails not because they had slept with demons but because their overwrought imaginations had importuned a diabolical shape upon the soft matter of the fetus.” One of Paré’s most copied images was that of a hairy woman accompanied by a black child. The image appears in multiple subsequent medical texts by other authors, including “probably the most widely reprinted book on a medical subject in the 18th and early 19th century,” <a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2437025R"><em>Aristotle’s Masterpiece</em></a>.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_33408" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-33408" class="wp-caption aligncenter amp-wp-cbe58fd" data-amp-original-style="width: 840px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?ssl=1"><amp-img class="size-large wp-image-33408 amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=840%2C694&ssl=1" alt="Photograph of a small book open to title page and frontispiece." width="840" height="694" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=1024%2C846&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=300%2C248&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=768%2C635&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=840%2C694&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?w=1452&ssl=1 1452w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px" layout="intrinsic" disable-inline-width="" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjY5NCIgd2lkdGg9Ijg0MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=840%2C694&ssl=1" alt="Photograph of a small book open to title page and frontispiece." width="840" height="694" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=1024%2C846&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=300%2C248&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=768%2C635&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?resize=840%2C694&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Aristoteles-masterpiece_2303017R.jpg?w=1452&ssl=1 1452w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px"></noscript></amp-img></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-33408" class="wp-caption-text"><em>Aristoteles Master-Piece</em>, 1684<br><a href="https://catalog.nlm.nih.gov/permalink/01NLM_INST/a7hdtr/alma992337603406676"><em>National Library of Medicine #2303017R</em></a></figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>First published in <a href="https://catalog.nlm.nih.gov/permalink/01NLM_INST/a7hdtr/alma992337603406676">London in 1684</a> under the pseudonym of Aristotle, it elaborated upon the mysteries of sex, female anatomy, marriage, pregnancy, and midwifery. Multiple iterations continued to be sold until the 1930s. The image of the hairy woman and black child feature prominently in each edition, accompanied by the explanation that during intercourse, their mothers had contemplated St. John in his camel-haired garment and Ethiopia, respectively. This concept is also evident in the words of John Maubray, an 18th century Scottish physician and teacher of midwives in London who wrote a book called <a href="https://catalog.nlm.nih.gov/permalink/01NLM_INST/1o1phhn/alma992870323406676"><em>The Female Physician</em></a>. In it, he stated that pregnant women, “ought discreetly to suppress all Anger, Passion, and other Perturbations of the Mind, and avoid entertaining too serious or melancholic Thoughts; since all such tend to impress a Depravity of Nature upon the Infants’ Mind, and deformity on its Body.” In other words, a mother’s mental state has the power to affect the form and function of the fetus. Although the theory of the damaging maternal imagination is no longer accepted in medicine, the idea that a woman’s mental issues might impact the outcome of the fetus persists. Julia Epstein argues in <a href="https://openyls.law.yale.edu/handle/20.500.13051/7668"><em>The Pregnant Imagination, Fetal Rights, and Women’s Bodies: A Historical Inquiry</em></a>, that society continues to attribute the birth of a defective infant to “the secret passions” or “secret failure of its mother,” particularly in the context of substance use, which in some cases criminalizes pregnancy.</p>
|
||
<p>The binding of the intersex images into the Jenty female reproductive atlas, intentional or not, highlights a longstanding association between exceptional bodies and female reproduction. From antiquity to the present, the womb has been regarded as a complex, mysterious, powerful, and dangerous place, containing both the secrets and challenges of generation. Thus, any atypical physical presentation that did not match up to the norm of the average sized, adult, healthy, European man, was seen as a consequence of both the female body and mind. Investigating this perspective provides insight into the construction of gender and sex assignments in anatomical history.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_21233" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-21233" class="wp-caption alignleft amp-wp-b3a15a8" data-amp-original-style="width: 100px"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?ssl=1"><amp-img class="wp-image-21233 amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" title="Allison Hill-Edgar" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar-300x238.jpeg?resize=100%2C79&ssl=1" alt="A white woman poses between two artworks featuring human figures by a table with paintbrushes." width="100" height="79" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=300%2C238&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=1024%2C811&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=768%2C608&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=1200%2C950&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=840%2C665&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?w=1515&ssl=1 1515w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" layout="intrinsic" disable-inline-width="" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9Ijc5IiB3aWR0aD0iMTAwIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIvPg=="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" title="Allison Hill-Edgar" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar-300x238.jpeg?resize=100%2C79&ssl=1" alt="A white woman poses between two artworks featuring human figures by a table with paintbrushes." width="100" height="79" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=300%2C238&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=1024%2C811&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=768%2C608&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=1200%2C950&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?resize=840%2C665&ssl=1 840w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Allison_Hill-Edgar.jpeg?w=1515&ssl=1 1515w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px"></noscript></amp-img></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-21233" class="wp-caption-text"><em>Xanthe Elbrick Photography</em></figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p><em><a href="http://allisonhill-edgar.com/">Allison Hill-Edgar</a>, MD, MFA, is an Artist and Independent Scholar and a Lecturer at the New York Academy of Art, NY, NY, Saint Lawrence University, Canton, NY, and the Fenimore Art Museum, Cooperstown, NY and a 2020 <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/get-involved/debakey-fellowship.html">NLM Michael E. DeBakey Fellow in the History of Medicine</a>.<br>
|
||
</em></p>
|
||
<p><amp-youtube layout="responsive" width="840" height="473" data-videoid="oEByOwzm3Rg" title="NLM History Lecture - Dissecting Gender: Reframing Anatomical History Through the Female Body" class="i-amphtml-layout-responsive i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" i-amphtml-layout="responsive"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" style="display:block;padding-top:56.3095%"></i-amphtml-sizer><a placeholder href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oEByOwzm3Rg"><amp-img src="https://i0.wp.com/i.ytimg.com/vi/oEByOwzm3Rg/hqdefault.jpg?w=840&ssl=1" layout="fill" object-fit="cover" alt="NLM History Lecture - Dissecting Gender: Reframing Anatomical History Through the Female Body" class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-fill i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" i-amphtml-layout="fill"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/i.ytimg.com/vi/oEByOwzm3Rg/hqdefault.jpg?w=840&ssl=1" alt="NLM History Lecture - Dissecting Gender: Reframing Anatomical History Through the Female Body"></noscript></amp-img></a></amp-youtube></p>
|
||
<p><em>Watch her NLM History Talk from June 3, 2021 on the topic of “<a href="https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=41222">Dissecting Gender: Reframing Anatomical History Through the Female Body</a>.” Watch previous NLM History Talks in the <a href="https://videocast.nih.gov/PastEvents?c=221">NIH Videocast Archive</a>, or the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7dF9e2qSW0b4qoikqa58YQErSmZVOOg7">NLM YouTube Channel</a> and stay informed about about future ones on Twitter at <a id="anch_26" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NLMHistTalk?src=hash&lang=en">#NLMHistTalk</a>.</em></p>
|
||
<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Circulate this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><amp-social-share type="twitter" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Twitter" title="Click to share on Twitter" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="facebook" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Facebook" title="Click to share on Facebook" data-param-app_id="249643311490" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="pinterest" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Pinterest" title="Click to share on Pinterest" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="tumblr" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Tumblr" title="Click to share on Tumblr" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="reddit" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Reddit" title="Click to share on Reddit" data-share-endpoint="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcirculatingnow.nlm.nih.gov%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fgendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-ii%2F&title=Gendering%20the%20Non-Binary%2C%201763%2C%20Part%20II" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="linkedin" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on LinkedIn" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="email" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Email" title="Click to share on Email" data-target="_self" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<nav class="jp-relatedposts-i2" data-layout="grid" aria-label="Related Posts"><ul class="jp-related-posts-i2__list" role="list" data-post-count="3"><li id="related-posts-item-67c7adfe1e739" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post"><a id="related-posts-item-67c7adfe1e739-label" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2024/09/26/gendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-i/" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-link">Gendering the Non-Binary, 1763, Part I<amp-img class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-img amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="Detail of the head and shoulders of a historical engraving of an artistically posed nude intersex person labeled as male." srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjM1MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="Detail of the head and shoulders of a historical engraving of an artistically posed nude intersex person labeled as male." srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/male_2691423R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200"></noscript></amp-img></a><dl class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs"><dt>Date</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-date">September 26, 2024</dd><dt>In relation to</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-context"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/archives-manuscripts/">Archives & Manuscripts</a></dd></dl></li><li id="related-posts-item-67c7adfe1e7c7" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post"><a id="related-posts-item-67c7adfe1e7c7-label" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2024/06/27/archiving-sexual-and-gender-minority-health-resources-on-the-web/" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-link">Archiving Sexual and Gender Minority Health Resources on the Web<amp-img class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-img amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pride-2024_SGMRO_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="SGMRO Pride at NIH 2024 banner, celebrating LGBTQI+ people everywhere. URL: GO.NIH.GOV/PRIDE" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pride-2024_SGMRO_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pride-2024_SGMRO_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pride-2024_SGMRO_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjM1MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pride-2024_SGMRO_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="SGMRO Pride at NIH 2024 banner, celebrating LGBTQI+ people everywhere. URL: GO.NIH.GOV/PRIDE" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pride-2024_SGMRO_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pride-2024_SGMRO_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/pride-2024_SGMRO_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200"></noscript></amp-img></a><dl class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs"><dt>Date</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-date">June 27, 2024</dd><dt>In relation to</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-context"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/about-us/">About Us</a></dd></dl></li><li id="related-posts-item-67c7adfe1e80e" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post"><a id="related-posts-item-67c7adfe1e80e-label" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2021/05/27/dissecting-gender-reframing-anatomical-history-through-the-female-body/" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-link">Dissecting Gender: Reframing Anatomical History Through the Female Body<amp-img class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-img amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mansur-ibn-Ilyas_9406458_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="A drawing roughly representing a human body with organs, including a uterus with a tiny figure inside and circulation system." srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mansur-ibn-Ilyas_9406458_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mansur-ibn-Ilyas_9406458_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mansur-ibn-Ilyas_9406458_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjM1MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mansur-ibn-Ilyas_9406458_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="A drawing roughly representing a human body with organs, including a uterus with a tiny figure inside and circulation system." srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mansur-ibn-Ilyas_9406458_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mansur-ibn-Ilyas_9406458_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Mansur-ibn-Ilyas_9406458_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200"></noscript></amp-img></a><dl class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs"><dt>Date</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-date">May 27, 2021</dd><dt>In relation to</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-context"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/">Collections</a></dd></dl></li></ul></nav>
|
||
|
||
<footer class="amp-wp-article-footer">
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-tax-category">
|
||
Categories: <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/archives-manuscripts/" rel="category tag">Archives & Manuscripts</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/" rel="category tag">Collections</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/guests/" rel="category tag">Guests</a> </div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-tax-tag">
|
||
Tags: <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/anatomy/" rel="tag">anatomy</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/art/" rel="tag">art</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/lgbtq/" rel="tag">LGBTQ</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/fellowship/" rel="tag">NLM DeBakey Fellowship</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/womens-history/" rel="tag">Women's History</a> </div>
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-comments-link">
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/03/gendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-ii/#respond">
|
||
Leave a Comment </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
<footer class="amp-wp-footer">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h2>Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections</h2>
|
||
<a href="#top" class="back-to-top">Back to top</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<amp-pixel src="https://pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=ext&blog=52242398&post=32122&tz=-5&srv=circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov&hp=atomic&ac=2&amp=1&host=circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov&rand=RANDOM&ref=DOCUMENT_REFERRER" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:1px;height:1px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-pixel> <div id="amp-mobile-version-switcher">
|
||
<a rel="nofollow" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2024/10/03/gendering-the-non-binary-1763-part-ii/?noamp=mobile">
|
||
Exit mobile version </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body></html>
|