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<title>Citing Articles in Journals Published in Print and on the Web. NLM Technical Bulletin. Mar-Apr 1999</title>
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<a href="/nlmhome.html"><img src="/pubs/techbull/tb_graphics/tbhead4.gif" border=0 alt="NLM Technical Bulletin"/></a>
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<h3><em>NLM Technical Bulletin.</em> 1999 March-April; 307</h3>
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<a href="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_technote.html">Technical Notes</a> - e1
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<a href="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_elhill.html">NLM Discontinues Direct Access to ELHILL and TOXNET Command/Menu Systems on September 30, 1999</a> - e4
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<img src="/pubs/techbull/tb_graphics/blutri.gif" alt="dot" height=10 width=10/>Citing Articles in Journals Published in Print and on the Web - e5
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<a href="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_handson.html">Hands On</a> - e6
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<a href="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_gateway.html">Next Generation Gateway</a> - e7
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<td valign=top width="440">
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<center><h2>Citing Articles in Journals Published in Print and on the Web</h2></center>
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<p>
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Recently, publishers of established journal titles, previously issued only in print format, have
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begun to issue electronic versions of their journals on the Web. These electronic journals are not
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necessarily exactly the same as their print counterparts, often having additional or expanded
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articles or entire supplements with no print equivalents. Furthermore, some electronic editions do
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not contain every article or feature that is found in the corresponding print edition. These new
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hybrid print/electronic publications pose unique problems for libraries and for users of NLM's
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databases.
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</p>
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<p>
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In order to include electronic portions of journals in MEDLINE® , NLM must first be aware of
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their existence. If a publisher merely posts an additional article or an entire supplement on its
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Web site, NLM has no way of detecting this, nor any means of producing a citation for
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MEDLINE.
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</p>
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<p>
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Likewise, database users may not be able to locate the electronic article or supplement unless it is
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evident that this material is not part of the printed edition. NLM would like to be able to
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distinguish print from electronic materials unambiguously, but finds it difficult or impossible to do
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so when publishers provide continuous pagination for their print and electronic issues and/or
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supplements. The Library has urged publishers to augment electronic pagination or article
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numbers with an "e" or similar designation for this purpose, but has met with limited success.
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>Background</strong><br />
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NLM has customarily indexed only one edition of each journal, whether it is the North American
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edition versus the European edition, or the print version versus the electronic version (in cases
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where the two versions are identical). In the former case, we prefer to cite the edition most
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widely available in the United States. In the latter case, we prefer the print version, based in part
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on interlibrary loan and preservation concerns. As journals increasingly have begun to publish
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some substantive material solely on the Web, however, this practice is under review.
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</p>
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<p>
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At the present time, electronic supplements are handled according to policy established for print
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supplements. Specifically, NLM indexes dependent supplements to journals that have been
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selected for inclusion in <em>Index Medicus</em> and MEDLINE. A dependent supplement is one that has
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the same title and volume numbering as the primary journal. [Note that independent supplements
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must be selected for indexing on their own merit.] NLM's rationale for indexing dependent
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supplements was predicated upon the assumption that these supplements bore the same editorial
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imprimatur as the parent title. We will review the contents and permanence of electronic
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supplements in the future, to determine if this assumption is still correct.
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>Technical Issues</strong><br />
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With electronic as well as print articles and supplements, NLM can only index the materials that
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are received. An indexer who is analyzing a printed journal issue will not see articles that are
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visible only on the Web. Likewise, because many supplements are issued only sporadically, NLM
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does not know what it might be missing. We can process these materials only if their publishers
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supply bibliographic citation data correctly tagged with Standard Generalized Markup Language
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(SGML), as described in the NLM standard data format (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/publisher.html) <em>[This link was removed because it is no longer valid.]</em>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Owing to the complexity of checking in serial issues and supplements for a collection as large as
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the National Library of Medicine's, and to prevent duplicates from being cited in MEDLINE, we
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require publishers of print/electronic hybrid journals to establish a unique ISSN for the electronic
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material. At present, this is our only means of processing hybrid journals. For items that are
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solely electronic, or when the electronic journal differs from the print version, NLM requires the
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publisher or its designee to transmit the SGML citation data using the correct ISSN for the
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electronic medium. This requirement is in accordance with current national cataloging standards
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and practice.
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>Examples from the Journal <em>Pediatrics</em></strong><br />
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<em>Pediatrics</em> is an example of the new hybrid journal published both in print and electronically on the Web. The National Library of Medicine cites the contents of the journal <em>Pediatrics</em> and its supplements in one of three ways shown below depending on the media used for publication and the information supplied by the publisher to NLM.
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li>An article that occurs in the print version as well as the electronic version of this journal - <br /><br />
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Skinner JD, et al. [See Related Articles]<br />
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Fruit juice intake is not related to children's growth.<br />
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<em>Pediatrics</em>. 1999 Jan;103(1):58-64.<br />
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PMID: 9917440; UI: 99117608.
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<br /><br />
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The MEDLINE report format for this citation displays the ISSN (IS) for the print version of this journal (0031-4005).<br /><br />
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</li>
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<li>An article that occurs only in the electronic version of this journal -<br /><br />
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Kessel I, et al. [See Related Articles]<br />
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Congenital hypothyroidism and nonimmune hydrops fetalis: associated?<br />
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<em>Pediatrics</em>. 1999 Jan;103(1):E9.<br />
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PMID: 9917489; UI: 99117568.
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<br /><br />
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Note the use of the pagination designator "E" by the publisher to indicate the electronic nature of the
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item; the MEDLINE report format for this citation displays the ISSN assigned to the electronic version of this
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journal (1098-4275).
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<br /><br />
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</li>
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<li>An article that occurs only in an electronic supplement to the journal -<br /><br />
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Kilo CM. [See Related Articles]<br />
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Improving care through collaboration.<br />
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<em>Pediatrics</em>. 1999 Jan;103(1 Suppl E):384-93.<br />
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PMID: 9917480; UI: 99117589.
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</li>
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</ol>
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<p>
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Note the use of "regular" pagination and the supplement designator "E" by the publisher to indicate
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the electronic nature of the item; the MEDLINE report format for this citation also displays the ISSN assigned to
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the electronic version of this journal and its electronic dependent supplement (1098-4275).
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>Determining Electronic Availability for a Journal Title or Citation</strong><br />
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Journals that are available electronically and submit their text electronically to NLM are indicated by
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the presence of a link to the journal's Web site in the record.
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>PubMed Links to Journal Web Sites</strong><br />
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For example, when you find a citation in PubMed, every display format (Citation, Abstract or MEDLINE) <strong>except</strong> the intial brief display on the document summary page, contains the link to the electronic journal, if an electronic version of that journal exists.
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</p>
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<a href="#fig1">Figure 1</a> below shows a <em>Pediatrics</em>
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citation displayed in brief format. Clicking on Display will bring up the screen shown in
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<a href="#fig2">Figure 2</a> with the link to the <em>Pediatrics</em> Web site.
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<h3><a name="fig1" id="fig1">Figure 1 - Brief Display of a Citation from an Electronic Publication</a></h3>
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<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_elecfig1.gif" alt="Graphic of Brief Display of a Citation from an Electronic Publication"/>
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<br />
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<h3><a name="fig2" id="fig2">Figure 2 - Abstract Display of Citation from Electronic Publication with Link to Publication</a></h3>
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<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_elecfig2.gif" alt="Graphic of Abstract Display of Citation from Electronic Publication with Link to Publication"/>
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<br />
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<p>
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<strong>Internet Grateful Med Links to Journal Web Sites</strong><br />
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The same <em>Pediatrics</em> citation in Internet Grateful Med's brief display as shown in <a href="#fig3">Figure 3</a> does not show the link to the <em>Pediatrics</em> Web site. However, if you click on the Full Citation button, the IGM Full Record Screen <a href="#fig4">(Figure 4)</a> has an "Open new window to Publisher's Site" button.
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</p>
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<h3><a name="fig3" id="fig3">Figure 3 - IGM Brief Display of Citation from an Electronic Publication</a></h3>
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<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_elecfig3.gif" alt="Graphic of IGM Brief Display of Citation from an Electronic Publication"/>
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<br />
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<h3><a name="fig4" id="fig4">Figure 4 - IGM Full Display of Citation from Electronic Publication</a></h3>
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<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_elecfig4.gif" alt="Graphic of IGM Full Display of Citation from Electronic Publication"/>
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<hr />
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<hr />
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<p>
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<strong>LocatorPlus Links to Journal Web Sites</strong><br />
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Serial titles in NLM's LocatorPlus, NLM's new Online Public Access Catalog on the Web, also has links to journal Web sites in the detailed holdings record as shown in <a href="#fig5">Figure 5</a>.
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</p>
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<h3><a name="fig5" id="fig5">Figure 5 - Partial Display of LocatorPlus Details Record for <em>Pediatrics</em> Showing Electronic Link
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</a></h3>
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<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_elecfig5a.gif" alt="Graphic of Partial Display of LocatorPlus Details Record for the journal Pediatrics Showing Electronic Link"/>
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<br />
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<p>
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<strong>Electronic Publication and Interlibrary Loan</strong><br />
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The related concerns of interlibrary loan and preservation of electronic-only items are under formal
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review at NLM as is the practice of preferring to cite the print version of the hybrid journal.
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Librarians will increasingly need to check for electronic links in the records of citations and serials
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in order to make the appropriate decision on how to obtain the full document. As more publishers
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transition to electronic media, libraries and abstracting and indexing services are faced with new
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challenges on how to process and disseminate this information. NLM will continue to share its
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approach as decisions are made.
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</p>
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<p>
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<small><em>
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[Editor's Note: For updated information see the Technical Note, <a href="/pubs/techbull/ja99/ja99_technote.html#factsheet">New Fact Sheet, Print and Electronic Journals in MEDLINE®, Available</a> (http:www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/ja99/ja99_technote.html#factsheet), in the March-April 1999 <em>NLM Technical Bulletin</em>.]</em></small>
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</p>
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<dl>
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<dd><em>--prepared by Lou Knecht</em></dd>
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<dd>Bibliographic Services Division</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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<a href="/pubs/techbull/ma99/ma99_electronic.html">Table of contents</a>
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