publicdata/nih-gov
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
nih-gov/www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09
Scott Williams f361c7df98 Incremental update
2025-03-17 02:05:34 +00:00

2012 lines
240 KiB
Text
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
<head>
<!-- ~~~Beginning of header meta (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1134471559",accountID:"2110789",trustKey:"26315",xpid:"VgcGUVFbARABVFBVAQQBVVIA",licenseKey:"be99a44193",applicationID:"1017656361"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(3333);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.283.2",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9414:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{J:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(2646),o=r(944),a=r(3434);const s=new Map;function c(e,t,r,c){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,o.R)(29);const u=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("logger")}(e),d=(0,a.YM)(u),l=new i.y(n.P);l.level=c.level,l.customAttributes=c.customAttributes;const f=t[r]?.[a.Jt]||t[r];return s.set(f,l),d.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>s.get(f))),u}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>o,ET:()=>a,TZ:()=>s,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},a="log",s=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(8154),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},8154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{z_:()=>o,XG:()=>s,TZ:()=>n,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a});r(6154),r(9566),r(384);const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>T,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,A="jsTime",T="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},8969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>O});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(8154),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(9414);function x(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var A=r(9417),T=r(5603),N=r(5284);const S=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let _=!1;function O(e,t={},g,O){let{init:I,info:P,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();P||(I=L.init,P=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,A.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,I||{}),(0,T.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),P.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(P.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,P);const H=(0,A.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[P.beacon,P.errorBeacon];_||(H.proxy.assets&&(S(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),x(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",N.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var x=s.ee.get(e),A=x.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,x.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var T="api-",N=T+"ixn-";function S(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(T,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,w.R)(x,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,R.J)(x,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(T,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(T,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(T,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(T,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return S(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return S("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return S("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),x.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),h||(0,a.p)(N+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,x),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,x),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),x.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(N,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(N,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(T,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,x)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,O,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),_=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.283.2.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.283.2.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-2oN05BjxuObKuOX8E0vq/zS51M+2HokmNPBRUrIC1fw3hpJqoI18/nckSFiqV11KxT7ag3C+FunKrR8n0PD9Ig==",249:"sha512-Zs5nIHr/khH6G8IhAEdnngg+P7y/IfmjU0PQmXABpCEtSTeKV22OYdaa9lENrW9uxI0lZ6O5e5dCnEMsTS0onA==",212:"sha512-LPKde7A1ZxIHzoSqWKxn5uWVhM9u76Vtmp9DMBf+Ry3mnn2jpsfyfigMYD5Yka2RG3NeIBqOwNYuPrWL39qn6w=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(8969);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),A=i(3878),T=i(782),N=i(1863);class S extends b{static featureName=T.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(8154);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,N.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,N.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,N.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",J=Y+"body-",X=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,X.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,J),r(ee[te],e,J)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,N.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,N.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,N.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,N.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,N.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,N.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,N.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,N.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Ae,uP:Te,Rz:Ne}=be;class Se extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,N.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,N.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Ne+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,N.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Ne+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,N.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Je,wW:Xe,e5:$e,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,N.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,N.t)();this[$e]=~~this[$e]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,N.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Xe,m),o.on(Xe,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Je+Ze,Qe+Je+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Xe,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,A.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785),ct=i(9414);class ut extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"log",{level:"info"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"error",{level:"error"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"warn",{level:"warn"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"info",{level:"info"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"debug",{level:"debug"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"trace",{level:"trace"}),this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,S,Se,Oe,O,M,ot,ut,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script>
<script>document.cookie = "big_pipe_nojs=1; path=/; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT"</script>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09" />
<meta property="og:title" content="PEPH Newsletter" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="PEPH Newsletter" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@NIEHS" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@NIEHS" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="dr2u0MtH4KYEo1w6QJcYufbRXNB2bv32B3RriNRD32Q" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta property="contentId" content="101866" />
<meta name="lastModDate" content="2025-02-27 12:00:00" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/img_mobile943429.png" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/img_mobile943429.png" />
<meta name="twitter:alt" content="Partnership for Environmental Public Health (PEPH)" />
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<!-- ~~~End of header meta (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<!-- ~~~Beginning of page assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<title>PEPH Newsletter | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_SjQM85Q1CuD6Luo1LIRzKskBHlXEyjjXpoW7s4aeSpU.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://seek.niehs.nih.gov/common/css/jquery-ui-themes-1.13.1/redmond/jquery-ui.min.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_0IwoJAYoXZd-Y8QVlWOE1RuG6oynRDmwytgL7lBU0k8.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_uoO4lpt7FZdyWs6Tzx2oHrVYMpYDJ0H8zx3HuFAAjVg.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_oThbMhsrI8uXoF9npRpLzzFiQxKDDq1itj_Yp6Xqq4c.css?delta=4&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Z6TwTU3cDWGefuc-gDdP7njDnOaa8_fk6nQB0BO1vgY.css?delta=5&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/101866","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","gtag":{"tagId":"","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxtkVFuAyEMRC8E4UjIsC7QGIxsaJqevqSbbpOoP8jzxpLHJhKoXl0ARRP3uqIqJFQTWdA1lgpUvpY9dXD1rWBWX7FNPwRXw6HVvDGPxgPVHZVJzInQD0guredVn-AdPp9hNUXvYz6KlsHiXoHZ1S32zygIhI_sgsEKKk-JK8JuxKoOL11t1EeUiAOQjVwrt3_4U3Nfh7Ede7Ygo8Rj6MaXRgybp9LOniAgoeynsb-evXn27tmRsaLpIJAEela3yexApz9ymq3PQEUzbkavOrDu_zTybBuKIkjM7kl5mIPXKp1w4AoTBKSgfgP7Rb6U","theme":"niehs_cms","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_classes":false,"allowlist_classes":"google\nnonGooglePixels\nnonGoogleScripts\nnonGoogleIframes","blocklist_classes":"customScripts\ncustomPixels","include_environment":false,"environment_id":"","environment_token":""},"tagIds":["GTM-M2B8CZJ"]},"niehs_environments":{"env":"prod","site":"www"},"niehs_api":{"server":"https:\/\/api.niehs.nih.gov"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"7a66c10930827f2bbdc4c9bffc1d354795353d55054a33750bb1af519f910175"}}</script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_2qr4-uP5JR0_9iwgpVN9ko07L15QaoiA40Lgkodgc9c.js?scope=header&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtj-EKwjAMBl9otY9Usu6jrabNaDL18Z1sohv-CdwdhCQualJDK8gaKtoSrAP-yzokkcQIRsmndZz5Qld6HmUdiu4r70WLSfdnMWwUq_rEMhK7KLVK--NVf-RMCW7GnB11K5Gxt0kejYWmwKXdAtMIRt_ecJ_m3s3tzVlGxWB5aRO6gnrM_kCBFpP1qplhWPeOnXqBvgAGFXhZ"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?sslwfq"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?sslwfq"></script>
<!-- ~~~End of page assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
</head>
<body data-color-scheme="default" class="path-node page-node-type-peph-article">
<a tabindex="1" id="skip-nav" href="#skip-navigation">Skip Navigation</a>
<div class="addthis_native_toolbox"></div>
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M2B8CZJ"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<div class="site-wrapper dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<div class="notifications">
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
</div>
<!-- Header starts -->
<header class="page-header">
<div class="usa-banner usa-top-banner-block">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner-header">
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
<img alt="U.S. flag" src="/modules/custom/usa_top_banner_block/images/favicon-57.png">
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
<button aria-controls="gov-banner" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button">
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner-content usa-accordion-content usa-closed" id="gov-banner">
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
<img alt="Dot gov" class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/modules/custom/usa_top_banner_block/images/dot-gov.svg">
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p><strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong><br>Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
<img alt="Https" class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/modules/custom/usa_top_banner_block/images/icon-https.svg">
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p><strong>The site is secure.</strong><br>The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<div id="header-wrapper">
<div class="logo-wrapper__container">
<div class="logo-wrapper">
<h1 class="hide">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</h1>
<a class="NIEHS-Logo" href="/">
<picture>
<source media="(min-width: 847px)" srcset="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/niehs-logo.svg">
<source media="(max-width: 846px)" srcset="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/niehs-logo-mobile.svg">
<img src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/niehs-logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">
</picture>
<!-- <img src="https://dev.niehs.nih.gov/Test/public_site_refresh/app/web-resources/images/niehs-logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"> -->
</a>
<div id="print-logo">
<img class="print-logo" src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/NIH_NIEHS_Print_logo.gif" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)" width="300" height="56">
</div>
<!-- Search start -->
<div class="desktop-search">
<div class="search-wrapper hide-for-small">
<form method="get" action="/search/thundersearch">
<label for="sitesearch" class="hide" style="display: none">Search NIEHS</label>
<input class="box search queryAutocomplete" placeholder="Search NIEHS" id="sitesearch" title="Search NIEHS" aria-label="Search NIEHS" name="query" onfocus="if(this.value==this.defaultValue) this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=this.defaultValue;" type="text">
<button placeholder="Search" id="search-btn"><span class="hide-for-508">Search</span></button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<!--Desktop Search end -->
<div id="qrcode" class="injectedbyJS" title="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/?utm_source=qrCode&amp;utm_medium=scan&amp;utm_campaign=QR-www">
<div class="QRCaption">Use this QR code to view the newest version of this document</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end logo wrapper -->
</div>
<div class="nav-wrapper">
<nav
role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niehs-cms-niehsmainmenu-menu" id="block-niehs-cms-niehsmainmenu" class="block block-menu navigation menu-- megamenu pre-load">
<h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-niehs-cms-niehsmainmenu-menu">NIEHS main menu</h2>
<ol class="menu accessible-megamenu">
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item health">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Health &amp; Education">
Health &amp; Education
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-1 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health">Health &amp; Education</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials">Brochures &amp; Fact Sheets</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>If you are giving a presentation about an environmental health topic or just looking for general information about environmental health research or the institute, this webpage will help.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials'>Explore Brochures &amp; Fact Sheets</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials/request">Request Education Material</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics">Environmental Health Topics</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics'>Explore Environmental Health Topics</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions">Conditions &amp; Diseases</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents">Environmental Agents</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science">Environmental Health Science Basics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/glossary">Environmental Health Sciences Glossary</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/nutrition">Nutrition, Health, and Your Environment</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/population">Population Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/enfermedades">Temas Sobre Salud Ambiental</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied">Science Education</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied'>Explore Science Education</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers">For Educators</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/scientists">For Scientists</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/students">For Students</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/tours">NIEHS Campus Tours &amp; Information Sessions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/educationoutreach">Science Education &amp; Outreach</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/speaker">Speakers Bureau</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a href="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/" class="second-level-link">Kids Environment | Kids Health</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>A resource for kids, parents, and teachers to find fun and educational materials related to health, science, and the environment we live in today.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/'>Explore Kids Environment | Kids Health</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS is committed to conducting the most rigorous research in environmental health sciences, and to communicating the results of this research to the public.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health">Explore Health &amp; Education</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item research">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Research">
Research
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-2 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research">Research</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs">At NIEHS</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs'>Explore At NIEHS</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/labs">Branches &amp; Laboratories</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/dir">Intramural Research Division</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/dtt">Translational Toxicology Division</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/facilities">Shared and Core Facilities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/staff/index.cfm?do=main.allScientists" class="level-3-link">All Scientists</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientistSearch/laboratories">All Research Groups</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported">Grant Funded</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported'>Explore Grant Funded</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/dert">About the Extramural Research and Training Division</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/centers">Centers, Interagency Collaborations, and Consortia</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/exposure">Environmental Exposure Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/epidemiology">Epidemiology Resources</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/health">Health Impacts Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/irt">Institutional Research Training</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/training">Researcher-Centered</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/success">Stories of Success</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/timesensitive">Time-Sensitive Research Opportunities in Environmental Health</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational">Translational Science, Outreach, and Education</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/whatsnew">What&#039;s New</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs">Initiatives</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs'>Explore Initiatives</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/disaster">Disaster Research Response (DR2) Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/east_palestine">East Palestine (Ohio) Train Derailment Research Response</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/ehlc">Environmental Health Language Collaborative</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/geh">Global Environmental Health</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/jeep">Joint Subcommittee (JSC) on Environment, Innovation, and Public Health (JEEP) </a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/radx">NIH RADx Efforts at NIEHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/pfas">PFAS Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/tox21">Tox21</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/translational">Translational Research at NIEHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/wha">Women&#039;s Health Awareness</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/highlights">Research Highlights</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-research-highlights view-id-research_highlights view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-118d8da3c6d8221084bd2ebf238e08144b24a5cc785bd9b7ab5c7064503dd9b0">
<div class="view-content">
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146506">2024 Road Map for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications, New NASEM report </a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146511">Sister Study Turns 20</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146521">3D Structure of Twinkle Protein </a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146516">NIEHS Helps Lead Launch of NIH Climate Change and Health Initiative </a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146361">15th Report on Carcinogens</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources">Resources for Scientists</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources'>Explore Resources for Scientists</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data">Scientific Data</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data'>Explore Scientific Data</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research">Explore Research</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item funding">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Funding Opportunities">
Funding Opportunities
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-3 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding">Funding Opportunities</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants">Grants</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants'>Explore Grants</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/announcements">Announcements of Grant Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/contacts">Contacts for Applicants</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/instructions">Instructions &amp; Resources</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/mechanisms">Mechanisms &amp; Guidelines</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/priorities">NIEHS-Funded Grants &amp; Priorities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/review">Peer Review</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions">Contracts &amp; Acquisitions</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions'>Explore Contracts &amp; Acquisitions</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions/bidboard">Acquisitions Bid Board</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions/reaching">Reaching Acquisitions</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS provides many opportunities for funding to individual researchers, organizations, and businesses.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding">Explore Funding Opportunities</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item careers">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Careers &amp; Training">
Careers &amp; Training
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-4 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers">Careers &amp; Training</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research">Research Training</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research'>Explore Research Training</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/recruitment">Fellow Recruitment</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/nta">Trainees Assembly</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/fellows">Fellows&#039; Career Development</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/scholars">NIEHS Scholars Connect Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/med-students">NIEHS Medical Student Research Fellowships</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/summers">NIH Summer Internship Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/postdoc-training">Postdoctoral Training Opportunities in Translational Toxicology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/trainingfrom">Training, Fellowship, and Career Awards</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat">HAZMAT Safety &amp; Training</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat'>Explore HAZMAT Safety &amp; Training</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/about_wetp">About the Worker Training Program (WTP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/" class="level-3-link">Clearinghouse</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/funding">Funding Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/events">Meetings &amp; Workshops</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/disaster_response">National Response &amp; Disaster Recovery</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/links">Other Links &amp; Resources</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/accomplishments">Program Highlights</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/state_profiles">State Profiles</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/training_program_areas">Training Program Areas</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/locations">Where We Train</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/awardees">Who We Fund</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/trainees">Who We Train</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/jobs">Jobs at NIEHS</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>NIEHS has a goal to ensure job opportunities and career enhancements programs for both our work force and our community.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/jobs'>Explore Jobs at NIEHS</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers">Explore Careers &amp; Training</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item news">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: News &amp; Events">
News &amp; Events
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-5 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news">News &amp; Events</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events">Events</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>NIEHS sponsors and co-sponsors scientific meetings, conferences, and events throughout the year. These meetings are listed in the NIEHS Events Calendar and are open to the general public.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events'>Explore Events</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events/careerfair">27th Annual NIEHS Biomedical Career Symposium</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events/pastmtg">Past Events</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/webcasts">Live Webcasts</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div class="views-element-container"><div class="upcoming-webcasts">
<h3>Webcasts</h3>
<div style='margin-bottom: 1.25rem'>
<p>There are no webcasts currently scheduled.</p>
</div>
<div class="viewMoreButton"><a href="/news/webcasts">Explore Webcasts</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/webcasts/help">Video Support</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom">News Room</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom'>Explore News Room</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/interviews">Interviews</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/newsreleases">News Releases</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/photos">Photos &amp; Biographies, B-roll</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/rssfeed">RSS News Feeds</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/newslist">Subscribe</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/allnewsletters">Newsletters</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/allnewsletters'>Explore Newsletters</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/podcasts">Podcasts</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>Download or play NIEHS Health Chat&#039;s with a wide range of experts and topics.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/podcasts'>Explore Podcasts</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video">Video</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video'>Explore Video</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/facilities">Core Facilities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/dr2">Disaster Research Response (DR2)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/chat">Interviews With Scientists</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/naehsc">NIEHS Council Meetings</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/ntp">National Toxicology Program Videos</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/niehs">Press Events &amp; Ceremonies</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/professional-development">Professional Development</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/scivid">Science &amp; Training Videos</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/science">Scientific Seminars</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/sms">Social Media Shorts</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/wha">Women&#039;s Health Awareness</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/worker-protections">Worker Protections</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">Find out about the exciting discoveries being made by NIEHS and NIEHS-supported researchers that are helping to improve health and save lives.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news">Explore News &amp; Events</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item about">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: About NIEHS">
About NIEHS
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-6 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about">About NIEHS</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od">Office of the Director</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od'>Explore Office of the Director</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/director">Director</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/deputy">Deputy Director</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ocpl">Communications &amp; Public Liaison</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ehp">Environmental Health Perspectives</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/osec">Environmental Science Cyberinfrastructure</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/oit">Information Technology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/values">NIEHS Values</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/senior-advisor">Senior Advisor to the Director</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/scope">Strategic Coordination, Planning and Evaluation (SCOPE)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart">Organizational Structure</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart'>Explore Organizational Structure</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart/om">Management</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart/staff">Staff Directory</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stratplan">2025-2029 Strategic Plan</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stratplan'>Explore 2025-2029 Strategic Plan</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards">Advisory Boards &amp; Councils</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards'>Explore Advisory Boards &amp; Councils</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/bsc">Board of Scientific Counselors</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/dtt-board">Board of Scientific Counselors, Division of Translational Toxicology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/cac">Clinical Advisory Committee</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/committee">Environmental Health Sciences Review Committee</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/ibc">Institutional Biosafety Committee</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/naehsc">National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community">Community Involvement</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community'>Explore Community Involvement</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/communityforums">Community Forums</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/donations">Donations to NIEHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/publicinterest">NIEHS Partners</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress">Congress</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress'>Explore Congress</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/justification">Congressional Justification</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/bennett">Legislative Liaison</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/publiclaws">Public Laws</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship">Environmental Stewardship</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship'>Explore Environmental Stewardship</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/lake">About Discovery Lake</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/initiatives">Environmental Management Programs</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/faq">Environmental Management System Frequently Asked Questions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/environmental-policy">Environmental Policy Statement</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/foia">Freedom of Information Act</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/foia'>Explore Freedom of Information Act</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history">History</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history'>Explore History</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/timeline">Milestones Timeline</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/anniversary">NIEHS 50th Anniversary</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/podcasts">NIH Office of History - NIEHS Interviews</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/papers">Papers of the Year</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/pastdirectors">Past Directors and Nobel Laureate</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting">Visiting NIEHS</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting'>Explore Visiting NIEHS</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/scooter">Scooters for the Disabled</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/delivery">Shipping and Delivery Information</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/well">WELL Building Health &amp; Safety Rating</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">The mission of the NIEHS is to research how the environment affects biological systems across the lifespan and to translate this knowledge to reduce disease and promote human health.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about">Explore About NIEHS</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="mobile-nav-wrapper">
<div class="mobile-bar hide-for-large">
<h2 class="hover">Your Environment. Your Health.</h2>
<div class="responsive-menu--right-buttons accessible-megamenu-panel open" id="accessible-megamenu-1516297191073-2" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<div tabindex="0" role="button" class="mobile-search-button mobile-icon"></div>
<div tabindex="0" role="button" class="mobile-menu-button mobile-icon"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mobile-search closeSearch">
<div class="search-wrapper show-for-small">
<form method="get" action="/search/thundersearch">
<label for="sitesearchmobile" class="sweep-it-under-the-rug">Search NIEHS</label>
<input class="box queryAutocomplete" id="sitesearchmobile" name="query" title="Site Search Mobile" aria-label="Site Search Mobile" onfocus="if(this.value==this.defaultValue) this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=this.defaultValue;" type="text">
<button type="submit" placeholder="Search" id="search-btn2" value="submit" aria-label="submit">submit</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<nav id="mobileMenu" class="closeMenu" style="display:none;">
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- Header ends -->
<div class="content-page peph">
<div id="fb-root" class="fb-reset fb_reset">
<div style="position: absolute; top: -10000px; width: 0px; height: 0px;">
<div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content-header">
<div class="content-header--background-title research">
<div class="page-title-wrapper">
<h4>
<a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/">Partnerships for Environmental Public Health</a>
</h4>
<h2>PEPH Newsletter</h2>
<div class="picture-container">
<picture><img src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/PEPH-Cover-image-reduced.png" alt="peph news default image"></picture>
</div>
<p>Volume 13, Issue 9: September 2022</p>
<div class="peph-header-icon_wrapper">
<span class="peph-header-icon past-issue">
<a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/all-issues">All Issues</a>
</span>
<span class="peph-header-icon subscribe">
<a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIEHS/signup/34166">Subscribe</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content-header--page-nav">
<div class="mobile-menu-js display-none">Menu</div>
<ul class="page-nav_container shadow-right">
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--1" href="#step1">
<span>Articles</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--2" href="#step2">
<span>Podcasts</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--3" href="#step3">
<span>Grantee Highlights</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--4" href="#step4">
<span>Funding Opportunities</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--5" href="#step5">
<span>Related News</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<main class="content-page-wrapper" role="main" id="skip-navigation">
<div class="content-page--inner-wrapper">
<div class="fixed-nav display-none">
<div class="fixed-nav_primary">
<div class="menu-button-js" tabindex="0"></div>
<div class="fixed-nav_title-wrapper">
<h4>Partnerships for Environmental Public Health</h4>
<h2>PEPH Newsletter</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fixed-nav_secondary display-none">
<div class="close-wrapper">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--1 active" href="#step1">Articles</a></li>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--2" href="#step2">Podcasts</a></li>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--3" href="#step3">Grantee Highlights</a></li>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--4" href="#step4">Funding Opportunities</a></li>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--5" href="#step5">Related News</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu-toggle menu-open"></div>
<article class="content">
<div about="/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09" class="content--inner-container">
<div id="step1" name="step1" data-step="1" class="js-step-nav peph-container peph-container__primary-article">
<div class="slot-container" id="primary_articles">
<h3>From Bottom to Top: A Community-led Approach Provides Understanding of Community Air Pollution Burden</h3>
<div class="slot-container" id="a943430" name="a943430"> <h3></h3>
<p>Understanding the distribution of air pollution can help target policies and encourage other actions to reduce exposure. Often, communities experiencing disadvantages and more air pollution lack the air monitoring tools to effectively document pollutant levels.</p>
<p>A community organization in Santa Ana, California, has partnered with researchers at the University of California, Irvine to characterize disparities in local air pollution monitoring. Their <span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35196049/" target="_blank">disparities in access to air quality sensors</a></span> and a <span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/304" target="_blank">community-engaged project</a></span> to overcome gaps in air monitoring data are described in papers published in early 2022.</p>
<h4>Residents Monitor Their Neighborhood</h4>
<p>Residents of the Madison Park neighborhood in southeast Santa Ana, an immigrant, Hispanic/Latino, and low-income area, became concerned about their exposure to air pollution when they learned of a new metal plating facility moving into the area. This facility sparked residents to take action regarding their environmental exposures and health.</p>
<p>Neighbors began comparing their experiences with fumes, odors, and noise from local industries, as well as health problems like asthma. Although eager to address their health concerns, they were limited in understanding their exposure because of few air sensors in the area.</p>
<p>A local community organization, <span><a href="https://mpnagreen.org/" target="_blank">Getting Residents Engaged in Empowering Neighborhoods – Madison Park Neighborhood Association</a></span> (GREEN-MPNA), convened a committee of adults and high school youth to investigate local environmental health risks. They named the group "Comunidad Unida, Aire Limpio" (Community United for Clean Air, or CUAL). With a grant from the California Air Resources Board, GREEN-MPNA undertook a three-year community science pilot project in which residents partnered with environmental health and social science researchers from the University of California, Irvine.</p>
<div class="article-image caption caption-right landscape ">
<img class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-default" data-no-border="0" data-hide-small="0" data-hide-print="0" data-hide-caption="0" data-percent="0" data-width style="max-width: 677px;width: 100%;" src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/090122main1.jpg" alt="a group of people posing for photo on railroad tracks (left) and two people having a discussion (right)">
<div class="article-image_caption">
<p>(Left) High school student volunteers gather at an air sampling event. (Right) Community partners stage a sampling event with instruction materials and supplies. (Photos courtesy of GREEN-MPNA)</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>GREEN-MPNA and their academic partners developed community workshops on environmental justice advocacy, community-based research, and air pollution health risks. Through these workshops and additional focus groups, the partnership identified three major research goals:</p>
<ul>
<li>Identify areas with high air pollution and its associated sources.</li>
<li>Compare air pollution in the community to that of less disadvantaged communities near Madison Park.</li>
<li>Understand the health effects of air pollution exposure in their neighborhood.</li>
</ul>
<p>After forming the research questions, CUAL engaged with the researchers to develop and carry out the research plan.</p>
<p>First, researchers trained community volunteers on how to take samples with wearable air monitoring devices provided by the community air grant. Sampling took place three times per day (morning, midday, and evening) on one day per month for four months. CUAL members and other community volunteers walked or biked along assigned routes in the community to capture samples from areas of interest. Community members and researchers also developed a sampling plan to compare pollution from GREEN-MPNA’s areas of concern with pollution in neighboring areas in and around Santa Ana. To sample these other areas, they assigned locations to volunteers at varying distances from the focus area in Madison Park.</p>
<p>Performing community-based research using low-cost air monitors supported GREEN-MPNA’s main objectives of understanding the cumulative effect of breathing air from industrial sources and other polluting sources around the Madison Park neighborhood and of assessing how to improve the situation.</p>
<p>“Perhaps what is different about our approach is that it is from the bottom to the top. The real-world knowledge of the CUAL high school and adult residents paired with the university scientists’ knowledge will transform policy and systems,” stated Jose Rea, Executive Director of GREEN-MPNA.</p>
<div class="article-image caption caption-right landscape ">
<img class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-default" data-no-border="0" data-hide-small="0" data-hide-print="0" data-hide-caption="0" data-percent="0" data-width style="max-width: 677px;width: 100%;" src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/090122main2.jpg" alt="people in a parking lot holding papers and and large envelope">
<div class="article-image_caption">
<p>Community partners take part in an air sampling event. (Photo courtesy of GREEN-MPNA)</p>
</div>
</div>
<h4>The Community’s Air Monitoring Results</h4>
<p>Sampling indicated that average air pollution levels for each sampling area were below federal regulatory standards, but researchers noted that some individual measurements were much higher than regulatory standards. The data showed that the industrial area and locations near freeways had the highest pollution levels. Wealthier neighboring communities had similar average pollutant levels but had fewer measurements above the regulatory benchmark than did the Madison Park neighborhood.</p>
<p>“We believe the frequency of measurements that exceeded the benchmark shows this community may have a higher pollutant burden than those nearby,” stated Shahir Masri, Sc.D., first author of this community academic study.</p>
<p>Going forward, researchers and community members hope to get access to air quality monitoring equipment to better understand air pollution patterns in the Madison Park area. Monitoring over time with additional sensors would show whether pollutants were violating standards. The community continues to advocate for policies to mitigate existing pollution sources and prevent new pollution sources while expanding access to air monitoring sensors in environmental justice areas. The researchers and GREEN-MPNA also plan to continue to work together to better understand the health effects of air pollution exposure in the community.</p>
<h4>Disparities in Access to Air Pollution Sensors</h4>
<p>As this community-academic study progressed, researchers wondered whether the total number of air monitoring sensors per neighborhood would follow boundaries of race and income throughout California as they did in Santa Ana. They examined placement patterns of a widely used, low-cost sensor that is often distributed through state-sponsored air monitoring programs. The sensors upload air quality and location data to an online platform. Researchers used <span><a href="https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen" target="_blank">CalEnviroScreen</a></span> — a state-maintained mapping tool that tracks pollution and socioeconomic data — to compare sensor distribution with socioeconomic factors.</p>
<div class="article-image caption caption-right landscape ">
<img class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-default" data-no-border="0" data-hide-small="0" data-hide-print="0" data-hide-caption="0" data-percent="0" data-width style="max-width: 677px;width: 100%;" src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/090122main3.jpg" alt="three people installing a sensor on the outside of a window">
<div class="article-image_caption">
<p>The same type of low-cost sensor as examined in the statewide study (PurpleAir) is placed outside a Santa Ana home by a GREEN-MPNA community partner as part of another project following the neighborhood study referenced in this article. (Photo courtesy of GREEN-MPNA)</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>Researchers found that disparities in air pollution data existed throughout the state. Wealthier areas across California had more sensors than low-income areas, and there was a clear relationship between sensor distribution and race. Except for Asian Americans, residents of color were more likely to live in areas with fewer air sensors compared to areas with mostly white residents. Strikingly, regions with higher air pollution measurements had fewer sensors than regions with less air pollution.</p>
<p>“Unfortunately, this is a common environmental justice pattern, where the areas that are most affected by environmental issues have the least number of resources to address them,” reflected Jun Wu, Ph.D., principal investigator of the project. “Wealthier residents are better equipped to buy their own sensors, but state funding has not addressed the gap for poorer areas that have more air pollution. We have been pleased to work with organizations who are meeting this challenge head-on through community-led air monitoring.”</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-container peph-container__secondary-articles">
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>Community Research Partnership Empowers Residents to Further Investigate Neighborhood Air Pollution</h4>
<p>An NIEHS-funded group of researchers published a paper in June describing a Seattle-based project that used <span><a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.4109" target="_blank">heavy metals in moss to guide environmental justice investigation</a></span>. The group’s earlier work on moss and air pollution was featured in the December 2020 PEPH newsletter.</p>
<p>For the group’s more recent work, the researchers engaged community members to map heavy metals using moss. The mapping was performed across an industrial neighborhood known for its poor air quality and health disparities. The area has only one monitor for heavy metals, so the researchers wanted to use the results from the moss study to inform where and how to invest resources to further study heavy metal pollution. Residents were engaged in sampling moss from trees in the area, and the team used the samples to map 21 chemicals, including six toxic priority metals, such as arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead. They found that the moss in the area had relatively high concentrations of priority metals. This result led community residents to ask two regulatory agencies, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency, for a study to evaluate human exposure to heavy metals. The study, which is ongoing in 2022, will measure metals in airborne soil and dust, as the moss results suggest these substances may be important carriers of priority metals. Community partners will choose the locations to which air monitors are deployed based on local knowledge and the results of the moss study. Results from this second study will help determine whether the metals are hazardous to human health and will inform the community partners’ further investigations.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>Environmental Health Perspectives Journal Updates Curated Collection on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances</h4>
<p>The journal Environmental Health Perspectives published its curated <span><a href="https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/curated-collections/pfas-2022" target="_blank">2022 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances</a></span> (PFAS) collection in June. The collection focuses on newly identified PFAS, exposure pathways, pregnancy and child health outcomes, adult disease, and prenatal and early exposures, and it reflects research published since the journal’s <span><a href="https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/curated-collections/PFAS" target="_blank">2019 PFAS collection</a></span>. The papers in the collection also describe areas of future research. The articles cover a variety of health-related topics in the context of PFAS, such as cardiovascular risk, youth growth trajectories and glucose homeostasis, bone mineral density, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder.</p><p>PFAS have been gaining attention in the environmental health community because of their potential for contributing to negative health outcomes across the life span. Furthermore, PFAS exposure is pervasive, and although much of what is known about the health effects of PFAS is derived from overtly exposed populations, recent research has underscored the importance of studying multiple exposure levels, a focus that is reflected in this current collection.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>NIEHS Environmental Health Language Collaborative’s Use Cases Webinar Now Available</h4>
<p>The NIEHS-sponsored <a href="/research/programs/ehlc" title="Environmental Health Language Collaborative">Environmental Health Language Collaborative</a>, which aims to develop and implement a harmonized language for describing environmental health science research and ultimately to advance integrative environmental health research, held a webinar on environmental health use cases in April. The <span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAnEUR8tZ_4&amp;list=PLlo0xQLFI54HwrIluehIfEM-fNc2dUD5o&amp;index=2" target="_blank">webinar recording</a></span>  is now available. Throughout the fall of 2021, working groups refined the use cases, which collectively cover data discovery, data harmonization, place-based exposures, and biomarkers and biological outcomes. During the webinar, representatives from each working group presented updates and answered question about their use cases. For example, the first use case, on data discovery, addresses the problem of finding and integrating relevant information to address environmental health science questions. Because information is currently stored in various formats that lack standardization, there is difficulty in making the most of environmental health sciences data. To address these issues, the working group aims to create tools and strategies to facilitate interoperability of existing databases. They are working on creating a standardized minimum information reporting template, and in the longer term, they hope to develop standards to support the creation and sharing of structured data.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>NIEHS-funded Researchers Release Data Science Training for Beginners</h4>
<p>NIEHS-funded researchers at UNC Chapel Hill, together with other team members, have developed a training toolkit intended to help researchers leverage data science and computational methods to better identify relationships between environmental exposures and human disease outcomes. The <span><a href="https://uncsrp.github.io/Data-Analysis-Training-Modules/" target="_blank">inTelligence And Machine lEarning (TAME) Toolkit</a></span> is organized into training modules that collectively cover a variety of topics such as data organization; finding and visualizing data trends; findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable data management practices; dose-response modeling; mixtures analyses; and database integration. Each module provides applications-driven examples relevant to environmental health questions and was designed to appeal to beginner learners, including students and professionals in academia, government, and industry who are interested in expanding their skillset. The developers published a paper in June describing <span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35812168/" target="_blank">how they created the tool</a></span>.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>NIH Launches Transdisciplinary Climate Change and Health Initiative</h4>
<p>The <span>NIH Climate Change and Health Initiative</span> is a cross-cutting NIH effort created to address health threats from climate change and build resilience in individuals and communities. Seven institutes and centers within NIH will work together, bringing a variety of technologies and research approaches to advance the understanding of climate change and health. The initiative’s <a href="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/research-training/initiatives/climate-change/nih-climate-change-framework.pdf" target="_blank"><span>strategic framework</span></a> was published in February and explains the importance of involving impacted communities and focusing on solutions, rather than solely studying the health effects of climate change. The framework focuses on four core elements—health effects research, health equity, training and capacity building, and intervention science—which will shape research into the initiative’s nine fields of inquiry, such as adaptation research, behavioral research, data integration, implementation science, predictive modeling, and exposure and risk assessment. The initiative will first leverage existing grant programs but has also identified <a href="https://www.nih.gov/sites/default/files/research-training/initiatives/climate-change/nih-climate-health-crisis-fact-v25.pdf" target="_blank"><span>future research needs</span></a> which will be addressed later. Richard Woychik, Ph.D., director of NIEHS, wrote a blog on how the initiative will <a href="https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2022/07/26/climate-change-and-health-initiative-to-expand-research-build-resiliency/" target="_blank"><span>expand research and build resiliency</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>White House Council on Environmental Quality Seeks Feedback on Environmental Justice Scorecard</h4>
<p>The <span><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/ceq/" target="_blank">White House's Council on Environmental Quality</a></span> recently released a <span><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/08/03/2022-16635/environmental-justice-scorecard-feedback" target="_blank">request for information</a></span> to gather public feedback regarding its Environmental Justice Scorecard. The scorecard was mandated by <span><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/14008" target="_blank">Executive Order 14008</a></span> and will examine the federal government’s progress on environmental justice efforts. The scorecard reflects the administration’s commitment to deliver tangible benefits to communities and to ensure the needs of communities are part of decision making. It organizes federal efforts into three reporting categories:</p><p>The public is invited to submit comments on the framework, the project’s vision, and ways to enhance engagement in developing and sharing the scorecard. <span><a href="https://www.regulations.gov/commenton/CEQ-2022-0004-0001" target="_blank">Comments</a></span> may be submitted through October 3.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-container newsletter-feedback">
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#2151445149614f484449520f4f48490f464e571e5254434b4442551c71647169016f4456524d445555445301674444454340424a" class="newsletter-feedback_wrapper newsletter-feedback_with-hover">
<img class="newsletter-feedback_image" alt="Feedback" src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/peph/feedback-megaphone.svg">
<div class="newsletter-feedback_text">
<h3>WE WANT YOUR FEEDBACK</h3>
<p>Are you enjoying the PEPH Newsletter? Are there topics you'd like to see discussed more often? Please take a few minutes to provide feedback.</p>
</div>
<div class="newsletter-feedback_icon"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="peph-container peph-container__podcast-grantee">
<div class="podcast-container js-step-nav" id="step2" data-step="2" name="step2">
<div class="slot-container ">
<div class="float-left caption caption-left">
<div class="mobile-vingette display-none"></div>
<div class="nonbordered"><img src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/090122podcast.jpg" desktop="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/090122podcast.jpg" alt="George Bullerjahn, along with crew, collecting water samples in from a boat" height="334" width="500" class=""/></div>
</div>
<div class="podcast--text-container aa-target">
<div class="mobile-header-wrapper display-none">
<h5 class="secondary-header podcast-header">PEPH Environmental Health Chat Podcast Series</h5>
<h3>Community Science Aids Harmful Algal Blooms Research</h3>
<div class="social-wrapper">
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts/2022/july13_algal-blooms" class="facebook-link">&NoBreak;</a>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts/2022/july13_algal-blooms" class="twitter-link">&NoBreak;</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="audio-html5 audio-wrapper" data-module="player-audio" data-sitename="www" style="display: block;">
<object class="audio-wrapper__object">
<audio type="audio/mp3" controls="controls" data-audio-id='' preload="none" class="audio-wrapper__object__audio">
<source src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts/2022/july13_algal-blooms/community_science_aids_harmful_algal_blooms_research.mp3"></source>
</audio>
<div class ="audio-wrapper__object__download-label">Download:</div>
<div class="mejsTranscript audio-wrapper__object__transcript">
<a href="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts/2022/july13_algal-blooms/algalbloom_transcript_508.pdf" data-transcript-id='' class="audio-wrapper__object__button" download= ""><span class ="audio-wrapper__object__button__text">Transcript</span></a>
</div>
<div class ="audio-wrapper__object__download">
<a href = "/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts/2022/july13_algal-blooms/community_science_aids_harmful_algal_blooms_research.mp3" class= "audio-wrapper__object__button" download title= "Download Audio"><span class="audio-wrapper__object__button__text">Audio</span></a>
</div>
</object>
</div>
<div class="podcast-header--wrapper">
<h5 class="secondary-header podcast-header">PEPH Environmental Health Chat Podcast Series</h5>
<h3>Community Science Aids Harmful Algal Blooms Research</h3>
<div class="social-wrapper">
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts/2022/july13_algal-blooms" class="facebook-link">&NoBreak;</a>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts/2022/july13_algal-blooms" class="twitter-link">&NoBreak;</a>
</div>
</div>
<p>In our <a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts/2022/july13_algal-blooms" title="Community Science Aids Harmful Algal Blooms Research ">latest podcast on harmful algal blooms</a>, John Bullerjahn, Ph.D., director of the <span><a href="https://www.bgsu.edu/great-lakes-center.html" target="_blank">Great Lakes Center for fresh Waters and Human Health</a></span>, discusses a community science program that helps researchers monitor, predict, and mitigate the blooms. Harmful algal blooms are excessive growth of algae which produce toxins that can kill aquatic animals and are harmful to human health. Through the project, charter boat captains and U.S. Coast Guard personnel collect water samples and other data on Lake Erie. This project also raises public awareness of harmful algal blooms and involves local communities in keeping the lake healthy.</p>
</div>
<a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/podcasts" class="button peph-button">Listen to more PEPH Podcasts</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grantee-container js-step-nav" id="step3" data-step="3" name="step3">
<div class="slot-container">
<div class="grantee--text-container aa">
<div class="grantee--image-container">
<div class="mobile-vingette display-none"></div>
<div class="nonbordered"><img src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/090122grantee.jpg" desktop="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/09/090122grantee.jpg" alt="Yoshira “Yoshi” Ornelas Van Horne, Ph.D." height="600" width="516" class=""></div>
</div>
<div class="shadow-overlay display-none"></div>
<div class="grantee--container">
<h5>PEPH Grantee Highlight</h5>
<h3>Yoshira ‘Yoshi’ Ornelas Van Horne, Ph.D.</h3>
<div class="social-wrapper">
<a href="" class="facebook-link">&NoBreak;</a>
<a href="" class="twitter-link">&NoBreak;</a>
</div>
<p>Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne, Ph.D., believes that to fully characterize people’s environmental exposures, their stories and lived experiences need to be understood, so she takes a community-centered approach to her exposure research. Her research interests were shaped by her NIEHS-funded graduate work on understanding exposure risk for Diné (Navajo) communities after the 2015 Gold King Mine spill which polluted the San Juan River. An initial risk assessment was based on the needs of outdoor recreationalists but did not consider how Diné people interacted with the river. Ornelas Van Horne and her Diné partners conducted focus groups – which were previously described in the <a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/01" title="PEPH Newsletter January 2022">January 2022 PEPH newsletter</a> – and surveys to learn how the Diné relied on the river. The team then shared research results through culturally appropriate materials. From this work, she realized how important it is for researchers to partner with communities to answer the communities’ questions. As a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Southern California, Ornelas Van Horne worked on an NIEHS-funded study that addressed community concerns about pesticide exposure and children’s respiratory health. She is now an assistant professor at Columbia University.</p>
</div>
</div>
<a href="" class="button peph-button">Read more about Grantee</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="step4" name="step4" data-step="4" class="peph-container peph-container__funding js-step-nav">
<div class="slot-container">
<h3>Funding Opportunites</h3>
<div class ="funding-opp_row">
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Sep</span>
<span class="day">05</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-22-176.html" target="_blank">PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH, CDC and FDA for Small Business Innovation Research Grant Applications (Parent SBIR [R43/R44] Clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a>
</h5>
<p></p><p>Enables U.S.-owned and operated small businesses to conduct research and development that has a strong potential for commercialization. This award and the associated <span><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-22-177.html" target="_blank">PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH and CDC for Small Business Innovation Research Grant Applications (Parent SBIR [R43/R44] Clinical Trial Required)</a></span> provide funds for small businesses to stimulate technological innovation in the private sector and strengthen the role of small business in meeting federal research and development needs. The related Small Business Technology Transfer announcements (<span><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-22-178.html" target="_blank">PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH for Small Business Technology Transfer Grant Applications (Parent STTR [R41/R42] Clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a></span> and <span><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-22-179.html" target="_blank">PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH for Small Business Technology Transfer Grant Applications (Parent STTR [R41/R42 Clinical Trial Required)</a></span>) aim to foster technology transfer through cooperative research and development between small businesses and research institutions.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong> September 5, 2022; January 5, 2023; April 5, 2023</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Jun</span>
<span class="day">05</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-22-137.html" target="_blank">Accelerating the Pace of Child Health Research Using Existing Data From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (R01-clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a>
</h5>
<p></p><p>Supports activities proposing to conduct analyses of existing <span><a href="https://abcdstudy.org/scientists_data_sharing.html" target="_blank">ABCD Study data</a></span> to accelerate the pace of research on child health and development, including: cross-sectional and/or longitudinal analyses; development of new or advanced statistical methods; and/or integration of ABCD data with other existing datasets that share common data elements. NIEHS is interested in applications that will use ABCD data resources to examine the contribution of environmental exposures on brain and development and to identify sensitive time windows of development that may confer individual susceptibility and also to identify protective factors that may mitigate environmental-induced changes. An <span><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-22-138.html" target="_blank">R21</a></span> funding opportunity is also open.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong> June 5, 2022; October 5, 2022; February 5, 2023</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class ="funding-opp_row">
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Aug</span>
<span class="day">08</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-ES-22-006.html" target="_blank">Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Climate Change and Health</a>
</h5>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Encourages applications that address the impact of climate change on health and well-being over the life course, including the health implications of climate change in the United States and globally. NIEHS is leading the NIH-wide <span>Climate Change and Health Initiative</span>, of which this NOSI is a part. NIEHS is interested in research that addresses the impact of climate change on environmental health and innovative approaches to the development of prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the impacts of climate change on environmental health, particularly in communities most susceptible to these impacts. Researchers who wish to submit applications regarding this NOSI must select from a <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-ES-22-006.html" target="_blank"><span>list</span></a> of funding opportunity announcements sponsored by various NIH institutes and centers. Researchers interested in applying for climate change-related Small Business Innovation Research funding can see <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-ES-22-010.html" target="_blank"><span>Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Innovative Technologies for Research on Climate Change and Human Health (R43/R44 Small Business Innovation Research (R43/R44 Clinical Trial Optional)</span></a>. Researchers interested in applying for climate change-related Small Business Technology Transfer funding can see <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-ES-22-009.html" target="_blank"><span>Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Innovative Technologies for Research on Climate Change and Human Health Small Business Technology Transfer (R41/R42 Clinical Trial Optional)</span></a>.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong> August 8, 2022; October 5, 2022; November 3, 2022</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Jan</span>
<span class="day">25</span>
<span class="year">2020</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/par-20-040.html" target="_blank">Research to Action: Assessing and Addressing Community Exposures to Environmental Contaminants (R01 Clinical Trial Optional)</a>
</h5>
<p>Encourages multidisciplinary projects to investigate the potential health risks of environmental exposures of concern to a community and to implement an environmental public health action plan based on research findings. Projects supported under this program are expected to employ community-engaged research methods to not only conduct research but also to seamlessly translate research findings into public health action. Check out the <a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/rta/cfg/index.cfm" title="Currently Funded Grantees">Research to Action Currently Funded Grantees</a> webpage for a sense of the types of projects supported through this FOA.</p>
<p><strong>Deadline</strong>: January 21, 2020</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class ="funding-opp_row">
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Jun</span>
<span class="day">25</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-22-060.html" target="_blank">Research Enhancement Award Program (REAP) for Health Professional Schools and Graduate Schools (R15 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a>
</h5>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>The REAP program will enable qualified scientists to receive support for small-scale research projects. It is anticipated that investigators supported under the REAP program will benefit from the opportunity to conduct independent research; that the grantee institution will benefit from a research environment strengthened through REAP grants; and that students at recipient institutions will benefit from exposure to and participation in scientific research in the biomedical sciences so that they consider careers in biomedical research. The REAP funding opportunity emphasizes the engagement and inclusion of health professional, undergraduates, and/or graduate students in research. Since diversity strengthens the research environment, REAP grantees are encouraged to recruit and include students from diverse backgrounds, including those from groups underrepresented in the biomedical research workforce. NIEHS will accept applications describing research projects that will have a defined impact on the environmental health sciences and must have a research focus on exposure-health related responses from environmental agents within the mission interest of the NIEHS.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong> June 25, 2022; October 25, 2022</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Jan</span>
<span class="day">26</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-22-030.html" target="_blank">Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Administrative Supplements for Research on Sex And/Or Gender Influences (Admin Supp Clinical Trial Optional)</a>
</h5>
<p>Supports research highlighting the impact of sex and/or gender influences in human health and illness. The proposed research must address at least one objective from the five strategic goals of the 2019-2023 Trans-NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research. A broad range of research topics studied at the basic, pre-clinical, translational, and clinical levels that address the role of sex and/or gender in health and disease are encouraged. Studies that explore sex or gender influences or the intersection of sex and gender are also encouraged.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong>  January 26, 2022; January 26, 2023</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="peph-button" href="/research/supported/translational/peph/foa" title="Funding Opportunity Announcements ">Visit the Funding Opportunity Announcements Page</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="step5" name="step5" data-step="5" class="js-step-nav peph-container peph-container__peph-related-news">
<div class="slot-container">
<h3>PEPH-Related News</h3>
<div class="peph-related-news_row">
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/8/science-highlights/burning-plastic/img_mobile942132.jpg/filetVi8V8" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/8/science-highlights/burning-plastic/img_mobile942132.jpg/filetVi8V8" alt="Plastic waste on fire" height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/8/science-highlights/burning-plastic/index.htm" target="_blank">Burning plastic can affect air quality, public health<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>Researchers discuss implementation projects and tools used to examine contaminants, and how they work to reduce exposures.</p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/8/science-highlights/srp-success_groopman/img_mobile942101.jpg/fileCEvyZI" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/8/science-highlights/srp-success_groopman/img_mobile942101.jpg/fileCEvyZI" alt="John Groopman, Ph.D." height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/8/science-highlights/srp-success_groopman/index.htm" target="_blank">Fleshing out a fungal toxin’s role in liver cancer<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>NIEHS grantee John Groopman, Ph.D., studies the biological effects of aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, with the goal of disease prevention.</p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_row">
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/8/community-impact/improving-mental-health/img_mobile942022.jpg/fileLuu3uj" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/8/community-impact/improving-mental-health/img_mobile942022.jpg/fileLuu3uj" alt="Hilary Hahn" height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/8/community-impact/improving-mental-health/index.htm" target="_blank">Improving mental well-being, workplace health, and climate resilience<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>NIEHS staff, collaborators, and other experts shared opportunities and obstacles during two-day workshop held by Yale’s Elevate Policy Lab.</p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div name="step7" id="step7" class="peph-container peph-container__peph-previous-issues">
<div class="background-image--container">
<img src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/peph-prev-issue-background.png" alt="PEPH Previous Issues Background">
</div>
<div class="previous-issues_text--container">
<h3 class="peph-previous-issues_header">Past Issues</h3>
<h5 class="peph-previous-issues_sub-header">If you liked this issue, don't miss our past issues.</h5>
<a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/all-issues" class="button peph-button">All Previous Issues</a>
</div>
<!-- previous issues end -->
</div>
<div class="peph-container">
<div id='download-player'></div>
</div>
</div>
</artcle>
</div>
</main>
<a id="back2top" href="#top" title="Back to Top">Back<br>to Top</a>
</div>
<!-- Footer start -->
<div id="review-date" class="review-date-common"><span>Last Reviewed: February 27, 2025</span></div>
<div class="footer-wrapper">
<footer class="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div id="footer">
<div class="footer-media">
<div class="footer-address">
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov">
<h2>National Institute of<br>Environmental Health Sciences</h2>
</a>
</div>
<!-- address end -->
<div class="icon-links">
<!-- Last-Reviewed -->
<h3>Follow Us</h3>
<ul class="footer-icons--wrapper">
<li>
<a class="facebook-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS Facebook page" href="https://www.facebook.com/NIH.NIEHS" target="_blank"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="twitter-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS X (formerly Twitter) page" href="https://x.com/NIH_NIEHS" target="_blank"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="linkedin-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS LinkedIn page" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-institute-of-environmental-health-sciences-niehs-" target="_blank"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="email-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS mailing list signup page" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/newslist"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="youtube-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS YouTube channel" href="https://www.youtube.com/@NIH_NIEHS" target="_blank"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="wifi-link" aria-label="link to the NIEHS RSS news feed page" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/rssfeed"></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer-link_list">
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-contactinformation-menu" id="block-contactinformation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--contact-information">
<h3 id="block-contactinformation-menu">Contact Information</h3>
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
<ul region="footer_a" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/od/ocpl/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64146">Contact Us</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/od/ocpl/employment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63506">Employment Verification</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/foia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63321">Freedom of Information Act</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/staff/index.cfm">Staff Directory</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/visiting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63326">Visiting NIEHS</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/news/newsroom/newslist" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72911">Sign Up for NIEHS Updates</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="footer-link_list">
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-policiesservices-menu" id="block-policiesservices" class="block block-menu navigation menu--policies-services">
<h3 id="block-policiesservices-menu">Policies &amp; Services</h3>
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
<ul region="footer_b" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/od/ocpl/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64146">Request Translation Services</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/od/ocpl/policies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63516">Web Policies &amp; Notices</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://archive-it.org/collections/20032">Website Archive</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niehsstaff-menu" id="block-niehsstaff" class="block block-menu navigation menu--niehs-staff staff-footer">
<h3 id="block-niehsstaff-menu">NIEHS Staff</h3>
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
<ul region="footer_b" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://apps.niehs.nih.gov/webtraq/index.cfm?do=main.requestweb" id="updateThisPage" class="solid-wrench">Request an Update of This Webpage</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://junction.niehs.nih.gov/">The Junction</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="footer-link_list">
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-relatedservice-menu" id="block-relatedservice" class="block block-menu navigation menu--related-service">
<h3 id="block-relatedservice-menu">Related Sites</h3>
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
<ul region="footer_c" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">Health and Human Services</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://eeo.nih.gov/no-fear-act">NO FEAR Act</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-otherlanguages-menu" id="block-otherlanguages" class="block block-menu navigation menu--other-languages">
<h3 id="block-otherlanguages-menu">Other Languages</h3>
<ul region="footer_c" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/enfermedades/">En Español</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Print-Footer starts -->
<div id="print-footer" class="clearfix">
This page URL:
<span id="current_url"></span><br>
NIEHS website: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/<br>
Email the Web Manager at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="2552404748444b44424057654b4c404d560b4b4c4d0b424a53">[email&#160;protected]</a>
</div>
<!-- Print Footer ends -->
</footer>
</div>
<!-- Footer end -->
</div><!-- /.dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas -->
<!-- ~~~Beginning of footer assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<!-- ~~~End of footer assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_094iy4s7AoN9Q8Mg25eWjq5pG_S5-Oqn2T368t7WjTg.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtj-EKwjAMBl9otY9Usu6jrabNaDL18Z1sohv-CdwdhCQualJDK8gaKtoSrAP-yzokkcQIRsmndZz5Qld6HmUdiu4r70WLSfdnMWwUq_rEMhK7KLVK--NVf-RMCW7GnB11K5Gxt0kejYWmwKXdAtMIRt_ecJ_m3s3tzVlGxWB5aRO6gnrM_kCBFpP1qplhWPeOnXqBvgAGFXhZ"></script>
<script src="https://seek.niehs.nih.gov/common/js/jquery-ui-1.13.1.custom.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://seek.niehs.nih.gov/common/js/jquery.ui.touch-punch.min.js"></script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_0ufI-Hhk7LisZ7zefq7nbiPUtKpLhoyHIltHBVY-eB4.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtj-EKwjAMBl9otY9Usu6jrabNaDL18Z1sohv-CdwdhCQualJDK8gaKtoSrAP-yzokkcQIRsmndZz5Qld6HmUdiu4r70WLSfdnMWwUq_rEMhK7KLVK--NVf-RMCW7GnB11K5Gxt0kejYWmwKXdAtMIRt_ecJ_m3s3tzVlGxWB5aRO6gnrM_kCBFpP1qplhWPeOnXqBvgAGFXhZ"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"be99a44193","applicationID":"1017656361","transactionName":"ZFdaZkRXCkZQVkUPW10deVFCXwtbHnFDE0RSXmRcWVIBaXJaXxJGXF5UV0RqKlpVUGcPUURxV1xCRAtZXVBDSwpFW11F","queueTime":8,"applicationTime":810,"atts":"SBBNEAxNGRkTVBNcT05P","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink