publicdata/nih-gov
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
nih-gov/www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08
Scott Williams f361c7df98 Incremental update
2025-03-17 02:05:34 +00:00

2017 lines
237 KiB
Text
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
<head>
<!-- ~~~Beginning of header meta (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1134471559",accountID:"2110789",trustKey:"26315",xpid:"VgcGUVFbARABVFBVAQQBVVIA",licenseKey:"be99a44193",applicationID:"1017656361"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(3333);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.283.2",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9414:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{J:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(2646),o=r(944),a=r(3434);const s=new Map;function c(e,t,r,c){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,o.R)(29);const u=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("logger")}(e),d=(0,a.YM)(u),l=new i.y(n.P);l.level=c.level,l.customAttributes=c.customAttributes;const f=t[r]?.[a.Jt]||t[r];return s.set(f,l),d.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>s.get(f))),u}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>o,ET:()=>a,TZ:()=>s,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},a="log",s=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(8154),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},8154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{z_:()=>o,XG:()=>s,TZ:()=>n,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a});r(6154),r(9566),r(384);const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>T,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,A="jsTime",T="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},8969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>O});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(8154),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(9414);function x(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var A=r(9417),T=r(5603),N=r(5284);const S=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let _=!1;function O(e,t={},g,O){let{init:I,info:P,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();P||(I=L.init,P=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,A.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,I||{}),(0,T.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),P.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(P.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,P);const H=(0,A.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[P.beacon,P.errorBeacon];_||(H.proxy.assets&&(S(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),x(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",N.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var x=s.ee.get(e),A=x.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,x.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var T="api-",N=T+"ixn-";function S(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(T,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,w.R)(x,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,R.J)(x,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(T,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(T,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(T,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(T,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return S(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return S("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return S("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),x.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,x)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),h||(0,a.p)(N+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,x),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,x),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),x.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(N,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(N,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(T,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,x),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,x)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,O,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),_=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.283.2.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.283.2.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-2oN05BjxuObKuOX8E0vq/zS51M+2HokmNPBRUrIC1fw3hpJqoI18/nckSFiqV11KxT7ag3C+FunKrR8n0PD9Ig==",249:"sha512-Zs5nIHr/khH6G8IhAEdnngg+P7y/IfmjU0PQmXABpCEtSTeKV22OYdaa9lENrW9uxI0lZ6O5e5dCnEMsTS0onA==",212:"sha512-LPKde7A1ZxIHzoSqWKxn5uWVhM9u76Vtmp9DMBf+Ry3mnn2jpsfyfigMYD5Yka2RG3NeIBqOwNYuPrWL39qn6w=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(8969);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),A=i(3878),T=i(782),N=i(1863);class S extends b{static featureName=T.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(8154);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,N.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,N.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,N.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",J=Y+"body-",X=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,X.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,J),r(ee[te],e,J)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,N.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,N.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,N.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,N.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,N.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,N.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,N.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,N.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Ae,uP:Te,Rz:Ne}=be;class Se extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,N.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,N.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Ne+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,N.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Ne+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,N.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Je,wW:Xe,e5:$e,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,N.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,N.t)();this[$e]=~~this[$e]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,N.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Xe,m),o.on(Xe,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Je+Ze,Qe+Je+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Xe,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,A.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785),ct=i(9414);class ut extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"log",{level:"info"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"error",{level:"error"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"warn",{level:"warn"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"info",{level:"info"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"debug",{level:"debug"}),(0,ct.J)(r,p.gm.console,"trace",{level:"trace"}),this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,S,Se,Oe,O,M,ot,ut,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script>
<script>document.cookie = "big_pipe_nojs=1; path=/; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT"</script>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08" />
<meta property="og:title" content="PEPH Newsletter" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="PEPH Newsletter" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@NIEHS" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@NIEHS" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="dr2u0MtH4KYEo1w6QJcYufbRXNB2bv32B3RriNRD32Q" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<meta property="contentId" content="101861" />
<meta name="lastModDate" content="2025-02-27 12:00:00" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08/img_mobile941910.png" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08/img_mobile941910.png" />
<meta name="twitter:alt" content="Partnership for Environmental Public Health (PEPH)" />
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<!-- ~~~End of header meta (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<!-- ~~~Beginning of page assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<title>PEPH Newsletter | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_SjQM85Q1CuD6Luo1LIRzKskBHlXEyjjXpoW7s4aeSpU.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://seek.niehs.nih.gov/common/css/jquery-ui-themes-1.13.1/redmond/jquery-ui.min.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_0IwoJAYoXZd-Y8QVlWOE1RuG6oynRDmwytgL7lBU0k8.css?delta=2&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_uoO4lpt7FZdyWs6Tzx2oHrVYMpYDJ0H8zx3HuFAAjVg.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_oThbMhsrI8uXoF9npRpLzzFiQxKDDq1itj_Yp6Xqq4c.css?delta=4&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_Z6TwTU3cDWGefuc-gDdP7njDnOaa8_fk6nQB0BO1vgY.css?delta=5&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtz2tuAyEMBOALseFIK8NOFiLAyANK0tM3yappKvWf_WnkRyxC3n0QwsWjriBlB11Ug99sdiknucjtgKZWpeQvuLPqaDpA_65cy0hcn-NeKKHg064Ii4E6Lb7DsdLj2rlEftJeNEhZotaq7R9_hLuY7CY98efMXznN1mcomQmb450D9fhypNk2GCEWk__TrTKHPhb2goG15GBiGfwG8OZybA" />
<script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/101861","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","gtag":{"tagId":"","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxtkVFuAyEMRC8E4UjIsC7QGIxsaJqevqSbbpOoP8jzxpLHJhKoXl0ARRP3uqIqJFQTWdA1lgpUvpY9dXD1rWBWX7FNPwRXw6HVvDGPxgPVHZVJzInQD0guredVn-AdPp9hNUXvYz6KlsHiXoHZ1S32zygIhI_sgsEKKk-JK8JuxKoOL11t1EeUiAOQjVwrt3_4U3Nfh7Ede7Ygo8Rj6MaXRgybp9LOniAgoeynsb-evXn27tmRsaLpIJAEela3yexApz9ymq3PQEUzbkavOrDu_zTybBuKIkjM7kl5mIPXKp1w4AoTBKSgfgP7Rb6U","theme":"niehs_cms","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_classes":false,"allowlist_classes":"google\nnonGooglePixels\nnonGoogleScripts\nnonGoogleIframes","blocklist_classes":"customScripts\ncustomPixels","include_environment":false,"environment_id":"","environment_token":""},"tagIds":["GTM-M2B8CZJ"]},"niehs_environments":{"env":"prod","site":"www"},"niehs_api":{"server":"https:\/\/api.niehs.nih.gov"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"7a66c10930827f2bbdc4c9bffc1d354795353d55054a33750bb1af519f910175"}}</script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_2qr4-uP5JR0_9iwgpVN9ko07L15QaoiA40Lgkodgc9c.js?scope=header&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtj-EKwjAMBl9otY9Usu6jrabNaDL18Z1sohv-CdwdhCQualJDK8gaKtoSrAP-yzokkcQIRsmndZz5Qld6HmUdiu4r70WLSfdnMWwUq_rEMhK7KLVK--NVf-RMCW7GnB11K5Gxt0kejYWmwKXdAtMIRt_ecJ_m3s3tzVlGxWB5aRO6gnrM_kCBFpP1qplhWPeOnXqBvgAGFXhZ"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?sslwfq"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?sslwfq"></script>
<!-- ~~~End of page assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
</head>
<body data-color-scheme="default" class="path-node page-node-type-peph-article">
<a tabindex="1" id="skip-nav" href="#skip-navigation">Skip Navigation</a>
<div class="addthis_native_toolbox"></div>
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M2B8CZJ"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<div class="site-wrapper dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<div class="notifications">
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
</div>
<!-- Header starts -->
<header class="page-header">
<div class="usa-banner usa-top-banner-block">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner-header">
<div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner">
<img alt="U.S. flag" src="/modules/custom/usa_top_banner_block/images/favicon-57.png">
<p>An official website of the United States government</p>
<button aria-controls="gov-banner" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button">
<span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner-content usa-accordion-content usa-closed" id="gov-banner">
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
<img alt="Dot gov" class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/modules/custom/usa_top_banner_block/images/dot-gov.svg">
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p><strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong><br>Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
<img alt="Https" class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/modules/custom/usa_top_banner_block/images/icon-https.svg">
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p><strong>The site is secure.</strong><br>The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<div id="header-wrapper">
<div class="logo-wrapper__container">
<div class="logo-wrapper">
<h1 class="hide">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</h1>
<a class="NIEHS-Logo" href="/">
<picture>
<source media="(min-width: 847px)" srcset="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/niehs-logo.svg">
<source media="(max-width: 846px)" srcset="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/niehs-logo-mobile.svg">
<img src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/niehs-logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">
</picture>
<!-- <img src="https://dev.niehs.nih.gov/Test/public_site_refresh/app/web-resources/images/niehs-logo.svg" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"> -->
</a>
<div id="print-logo">
<img class="print-logo" src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/NIH_NIEHS_Print_logo.gif" alt="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)" width="300" height="56">
</div>
<!-- Search start -->
<div class="desktop-search">
<div class="search-wrapper hide-for-small">
<form method="get" action="/search/thundersearch">
<label for="sitesearch" class="hide" style="display: none">Search NIEHS</label>
<input class="box search queryAutocomplete" placeholder="Search NIEHS" id="sitesearch" title="Search NIEHS" aria-label="Search NIEHS" name="query" onfocus="if(this.value==this.defaultValue) this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=this.defaultValue;" type="text">
<button placeholder="Search" id="search-btn"><span class="hide-for-508">Search</span></button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<!--Desktop Search end -->
<div id="qrcode" class="injectedbyJS" title="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/?utm_source=qrCode&amp;utm_medium=scan&amp;utm_campaign=QR-www">
<div class="QRCaption">Use this QR code to view the newest version of this document</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- end logo wrapper -->
</div>
<div class="nav-wrapper">
<nav
role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niehs-cms-niehsmainmenu-menu" id="block-niehs-cms-niehsmainmenu" class="block block-menu navigation menu-- megamenu pre-load">
<h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-niehs-cms-niehsmainmenu-menu">NIEHS main menu</h2>
<ol class="menu accessible-megamenu">
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item health">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Health &amp; Education">
Health &amp; Education
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-1 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health">Health &amp; Education</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials">Brochures &amp; Fact Sheets</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>If you are giving a presentation about an environmental health topic or just looking for general information about environmental health research or the institute, this webpage will help.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials'>Explore Brochures &amp; Fact Sheets</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials/request">Request Education Material</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics">Environmental Health Topics</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics'>Explore Environmental Health Topics</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions">Conditions &amp; Diseases</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents">Environmental Agents</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/science">Environmental Health Science Basics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/glossary">Environmental Health Sciences Glossary</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/nutrition">Nutrition, Health, and Your Environment</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/population">Population Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/enfermedades">Temas Sobre Salud Ambiental</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied">Science Education</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied'>Explore Science Education</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/teachers">For Educators</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/scientists">For Scientists</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/students">For Students</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/tours">NIEHS Campus Tours &amp; Information Sessions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/educationoutreach">Science Education &amp; Outreach</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/scied/speaker">Speakers Bureau</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a href="https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/" class="second-level-link">Kids Environment | Kids Health</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>A resource for kids, parents, and teachers to find fun and educational materials related to health, science, and the environment we live in today.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/'>Explore Kids Environment | Kids Health</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS is committed to conducting the most rigorous research in environmental health sciences, and to communicating the results of this research to the public.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health">Explore Health &amp; Education</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item research">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Research">
Research
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-2 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research">Research</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs">At NIEHS</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs'>Explore At NIEHS</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/labs">Branches &amp; Laboratories</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/dir">Intramural Research Division</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/dtt">Translational Toxicology Division</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/facilities">Shared and Core Facilities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/staff/index.cfm?do=main.allScientists" class="level-3-link">All Scientists</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientistSearch/laboratories">All Research Groups</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported">Grant Funded</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported'>Explore Grant Funded</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/dert">About the Extramural Research and Training Division</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/centers">Centers, Interagency Collaborations, and Consortia</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/exposure">Environmental Exposure Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/epidemiology">Epidemiology Resources</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/health">Health Impacts Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/irt">Institutional Research Training</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/training">Researcher-Centered</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/success">Stories of Success</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/timesensitive">Time-Sensitive Research Opportunities in Environmental Health</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational">Translational Science, Outreach, and Education</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/whatsnew">What&#039;s New</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs">Initiatives</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs'>Explore Initiatives</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/disaster">Disaster Research Response (DR2) Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/east_palestine">East Palestine (Ohio) Train Derailment Research Response</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/ehlc">Environmental Health Language Collaborative</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/geh">Global Environmental Health</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/jeep">Joint Subcommittee (JSC) on Environment, Innovation, and Public Health (JEEP) </a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/radx">NIH RADx Efforts at NIEHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/pfas">PFAS Research</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/tox21">Tox21</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/translational">Translational Research at NIEHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/wha">Women&#039;s Health Awareness</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/highlights">Research Highlights</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-research-highlights view-id-research_highlights view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-118d8da3c6d8221084bd2ebf238e08144b24a5cc785bd9b7ab5c7064503dd9b0">
<div class="view-content">
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146506">2024 Road Map for Sequencing RNA and Its Modifications, New NASEM report </a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146511">Sister Study Turns 20</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146521">3D Structure of Twinkle Protein </a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146516">NIEHS Helps Lead Launch of NIH Climate Change and Health Initiative </a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="/research/highlights/detail/highlightid/146361">15th Report on Carcinogens</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources">Resources for Scientists</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources'>Explore Resources for Scientists</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data">Scientific Data</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/scientific-data'>Explore Scientific Data</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research">Explore Research</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item funding">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Funding Opportunities">
Funding Opportunities
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-3 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding">Funding Opportunities</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants">Grants</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants'>Explore Grants</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/announcements">Announcements of Grant Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/contacts">Contacts for Applicants</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/instructions">Instructions &amp; Resources</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/mechanisms">Mechanisms &amp; Guidelines</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/priorities">NIEHS-Funded Grants &amp; Priorities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/grants/review">Peer Review</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions">Contracts &amp; Acquisitions</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions'>Explore Contracts &amp; Acquisitions</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions/bidboard">Acquisitions Bid Board</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding/acquisitions/reaching">Reaching Acquisitions</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS provides many opportunities for funding to individual researchers, organizations, and businesses.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/funding">Explore Funding Opportunities</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item careers">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: Careers &amp; Training">
Careers &amp; Training
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-4 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers">Careers &amp; Training</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research">Research Training</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research'>Explore Research Training</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/recruitment">Fellow Recruitment</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/nta">Trainees Assembly</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/fellows">Fellows&#039; Career Development</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/scholars">NIEHS Scholars Connect Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/med-students">NIEHS Medical Student Research Fellowships</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/summers">NIH Summer Internship Program</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/postdoc-training">Postdoctoral Training Opportunities in Translational Toxicology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/research/trainingfrom">Training, Fellowship, and Career Awards</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat">HAZMAT Safety &amp; Training</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat'>Explore HAZMAT Safety &amp; Training</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/about_wetp">About the Worker Training Program (WTP)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/" class="level-3-link">Clearinghouse</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/funding">Funding Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/events">Meetings &amp; Workshops</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/disaster_response">National Response &amp; Disaster Recovery</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/links">Other Links &amp; Resources</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/accomplishments">Program Highlights</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/state_profiles">State Profiles</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/training_program_areas">Training Program Areas</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/locations">Where We Train</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/awardees">Who We Fund</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/hazmat/trainees">Who We Train</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/jobs">Jobs at NIEHS</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>NIEHS has a goal to ensure job opportunities and career enhancements programs for both our work force and our community.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers/jobs'>Explore Jobs at NIEHS</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/careers">Explore Careers &amp; Training</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item news">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: News &amp; Events">
News &amp; Events
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-5 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news">News &amp; Events</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events">Events</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>NIEHS sponsors and co-sponsors scientific meetings, conferences, and events throughout the year. These meetings are listed in the NIEHS Events Calendar and are open to the general public.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events'>Explore Events</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events/careerfair">27th Annual NIEHS Biomedical Career Symposium</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/events/pastmtg">Past Events</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/webcasts">Live Webcasts</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div class="views-element-container"><div class="upcoming-webcasts">
<h3>Webcasts</h3>
<div style='margin-bottom: 1.25rem'>
<p>There are no webcasts currently scheduled.</p>
</div>
<div class="viewMoreButton"><a href="/news/webcasts">Explore Webcasts</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/webcasts/help">Video Support</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom">News Room</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom'>Explore News Room</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/interviews">Interviews</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/newsreleases">News Releases</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/photos">Photos &amp; Biographies, B-roll</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/rssfeed">RSS News Feeds</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/newslist">Subscribe</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/allnewsletters">Newsletters</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/allnewsletters'>Explore Newsletters</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/podcasts">Podcasts</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<p>Download or play NIEHS Health Chat&#039;s with a wide range of experts and topics.</p>
</div>
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/podcasts'>Explore Podcasts</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video">Video</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video'>Explore Video</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/facilities">Core Facilities</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/dr2">Disaster Research Response (DR2)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/chat">Interviews With Scientists</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/naehsc">NIEHS Council Meetings</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/ntp">National Toxicology Program Videos</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/niehs">Press Events &amp; Ceremonies</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/professional-development">Professional Development</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/scivid">Science &amp; Training Videos</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/science">Scientific Seminars</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/sms">Social Media Shorts</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/wha">Women&#039;s Health Awareness</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/video/worker-protections">Worker Protections</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">Find out about the exciting discoveries being made by NIEHS and NIEHS-supported researchers that are helping to improve health and save lives.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news">Explore News &amp; Events</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="accessible-megamenu-top-nav-item about">
<h2>
<span tabindex="0" class="trackMe" data-seotracker="Menu: About NIEHS">
About NIEHS
</span>
</h2>
<div class="panel-6 accessible-megamenu-panel" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<ol class="list-level-1">
<li>
<ul class="list-level-2 left">
<li class="landing-page-link">
<span>
<a class="second-level-link " href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about">About NIEHS</a>
</span>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od">Office of the Director</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od'>Explore Office of the Director</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/director">Director</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/deputy">Deputy Director</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ocpl">Communications &amp; Public Liaison</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/ehp">Environmental Health Perspectives</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/osec">Environmental Science Cyberinfrastructure</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/oit">Information Technology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/values">NIEHS Values</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/senior-advisor">Senior Advisor to the Director</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/od/scope">Strategic Coordination, Planning and Evaluation (SCOPE)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart">Organizational Structure</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart'>Explore Organizational Structure</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart/om">Management</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/orgchart/staff">Staff Directory</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stratplan">2025-2029 Strategic Plan</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stratplan'>Explore 2025-2029 Strategic Plan</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards">Advisory Boards &amp; Councils</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards'>Explore Advisory Boards &amp; Councils</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/bsc">Board of Scientific Counselors</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/dtt-board">Board of Scientific Counselors, Division of Translational Toxicology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/cac">Clinical Advisory Committee</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/committee">Environmental Health Sciences Review Committee</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/ibc">Institutional Biosafety Committee</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/boards/naehsc">National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community">Community Involvement</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community'>Explore Community Involvement</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/communityforums">Community Forums</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/donations">Donations to NIEHS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/community/publicinterest">NIEHS Partners</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress">Congress</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress'>Explore Congress</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/justification">Congressional Justification</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/bennett">Legislative Liaison</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/congress/publiclaws">Public Laws</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship">Environmental Stewardship</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship'>Explore Environmental Stewardship</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/lake">About Discovery Lake</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/initiatives">Environmental Management Programs</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/faq">Environmental Management System Frequently Asked Questions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/stewardship/environmental-policy">Environmental Policy Statement</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/foia">Freedom of Information Act</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/foia'>Explore Freedom of Information Act</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history">History</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history'>Explore History</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/timeline">Milestones Timeline</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/anniversary">NIEHS 50th Anniversary</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/podcasts">NIH Office of History - NIEHS Interviews</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/papers">Papers of the Year</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/history/pastdirectors">Past Directors and Nobel Laureate</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li tabindex="0" class="accessible-megamenu-panel-group">
<a class="second-level-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting">Visiting NIEHS</a>
<div class="list-level-3 third-level" aria-expanded="false" aria-hidden="true">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true" style=""></i>
<div class="nav-feature">
<div class="third-level-content">
<div>
<a class="viewMoreButton" href='https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting'>Explore Visiting NIEHS</a>
</div>
<ul class="link-container">
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/scooter">Scooters for the Disabled</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/delivery">Shipping and Delivery Information</a>
</li>
<li>
<a tabindex="0" class="level-3-link" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/visiting/well">WELL Building Health &amp; Safety Rating</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="level2MenuSpacer"></div>
<div class="megaMenuLandingContent">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
<div class="megaMenuText">
<div class="summary-text">
<div class="rxbodyfield">The mission of the NIEHS is to research how the environment affects biological systems across the lifespan and to translate this knowledge to reduce disease and promote human health.</div>
</div>
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/about">Explore About NIEHS</a>
<span class="smallBackgroundImage"></span>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="mobile-nav-wrapper">
<div class="mobile-bar hide-for-large">
<h2 class="hover">Your Environment. Your Health.</h2>
<div class="responsive-menu--right-buttons accessible-megamenu-panel open" id="accessible-megamenu-1516297191073-2" role="region" aria-expanded="true" aria-hidden="false">
<div tabindex="0" role="button" class="mobile-search-button mobile-icon"></div>
<div tabindex="0" role="button" class="mobile-menu-button mobile-icon"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mobile-search closeSearch">
<div class="search-wrapper show-for-small">
<form method="get" action="/search/thundersearch">
<label for="sitesearchmobile" class="sweep-it-under-the-rug">Search NIEHS</label>
<input class="box queryAutocomplete" id="sitesearchmobile" name="query" title="Site Search Mobile" aria-label="Site Search Mobile" onfocus="if(this.value==this.defaultValue) this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=this.defaultValue;" type="text">
<button type="submit" placeholder="Search" id="search-btn2" value="submit" aria-label="submit">submit</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<nav id="mobileMenu" class="closeMenu" style="display:none;">
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<!-- Header ends -->
<div class="content-page peph">
<div id="fb-root" class="fb-reset fb_reset">
<div style="position: absolute; top: -10000px; width: 0px; height: 0px;">
<div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content-header">
<div class="content-header--background-title research">
<div class="page-title-wrapper">
<h4>
<a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/">Partnerships for Environmental Public Health</a>
</h4>
<h2>PEPH Newsletter</h2>
<div class="picture-container">
<picture><img src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/PEPH-Cover-image-reduced.png" alt="peph news default image"></picture>
</div>
<p>Volume 13, Issue 8: August 2022</p>
<div class="peph-header-icon_wrapper">
<span class="peph-header-icon past-issue">
<a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/all-issues">All Issues</a>
</span>
<span class="peph-header-icon subscribe">
<a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIEHS/signup/34166">Subscribe</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content-header--page-nav">
<div class="mobile-menu-js display-none">Menu</div>
<ul class="page-nav_container shadow-right">
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--1" href="#step1">
<span>Articles</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--3" href="#step3">
<span>Grantee Highlights</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--4" href="#step4">
<span>Funding Opportunities</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="page-nav_line-item">
<a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--5" href="#step5">
<span>Related News</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<main class="content-page-wrapper" role="main" id="skip-navigation">
<div class="content-page--inner-wrapper">
<div class="fixed-nav display-none">
<div class="fixed-nav_primary">
<div class="menu-button-js" tabindex="0"></div>
<div class="fixed-nav_title-wrapper">
<h4>Partnerships for Environmental Public Health</h4>
<h2>PEPH Newsletter</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fixed-nav_secondary display-none">
<div class="close-wrapper">
<i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--1 active" href="#step1">Articles</a></li>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--3" href="#step3">Grantee Highlights</a></li>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--4" href="#step4">Funding Opportunities</a></li>
<li><a class="step-nav__step-tile step-nav__step-tile--5" href="#step5">Related News</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="menu-toggle menu-open"></div>
<article class="content">
<div about="/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08" class="content--inner-container">
<div id="step1" name="step1" data-step="1" class="js-step-nav peph-container peph-container__primary-article">
<div class="slot-container" id="primary_articles">
<h3>Quickly Reporting Back Water Testing Results After a Wildfire</h3>
<div class="slot-container" id="a942102" name="a942102"> <h3></h3>
<div class="article-image caption caption-bottom portrait 080222-main1 ">
<div class="image-container">
<img class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-default" data-no-border="0" data-hide-small="0" data-hide-print="0" data-hide-caption="0" data-percent="0" data-width style="max-width: 341px;width: 100%;" src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08/080222main1.jpg" alt="woman researcher holding and observing a vile at a kitchen sink">
</div>
<div class="article-image_caption">
<p>Kathreen “Nica” Daria of the Public Health Institute samples water from a Paradise household. (Photo courtesy of Gina Solomon)</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>Communicating environmental health information quickly after a disaster is critical and allows residents to take protective actions against harmful environmental exposures. When residents began to return to the town of Paradise, California, after evacuations caused by the devastating 2018 Camp Fire, they were unsure whether it was safe to use the tap water. Community-wide sampling from local water utilities had found contamination in the public water supply, but NIEHS-funded researchers at the University of California, San Francisco and the <span><a href="https://www.phi.org/" target="_blank">Public Health Institute</a></span> were interested in sampling that would provide households with their own water results. A <span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35055730/" target="_blank">recent paper</a></span> describes how the researchers developed and implemented this strategy by partnering with local organizations and community leaders.</p>
<p>“Our team’s NIEHS Disaster Research Response funding enabled us to work with the Paradise community soon after residents began to return,” reflected Gina Solomon, M.D., M.P.H., principal investigator of this project. “In a highly accelerated timeframe, we were able to recruit participants, sample household water supplies, and develop an effective communications framework that empowered residents to make decisions relevant to their own health.”</p>
<h4>Testing for Water Contamination After a Wildfire</h4>
<p>The research team aimed to provide residents of each home with water quality results and actionable information about ways to reduce exposure to harmful contaminants. Researchers recruited residents through a variety of channels, such as a community meeting, flyers, social media, email, and door-to-door visits. Local and state organizations also supported recruitment. For example, the California Office of Emergency Services and the local water utility hosted a community meeting attended by over 100 residents. The community meeting also served as a way for researchers to directly hear residents’ concerns and use their feedback to tailor communications materials. Residents of 136 homes, or roughly 10% of all homes that remained after the fire, participated in the study.</p>
<p>The researchers returned results to participants within two weeks of receiving the results from the laboratory. The rapid timeline was important to meet the community’s need to have actionable information in a timely manner.</p>
<p>“We had previously worked with Tracking California on community environmental health concerns. We further developed partnerships with the California Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Drinking Water, The North Valley Community Foundation, Paradise Irrigation District, and the University of California Davis Environmental Health Center. All these organizations helped to recruit residents for the study and helped develop and test communications materials,” stated Solomon. “In the aftermath of a disaster, it is critical to respond to the community’s needs and earn their trust to return reliable and useful results.”</p>
<h4>Developing a Framework to Return Results to Residents</h4>
<div class="article-image caption caption-bottom portrait 080222-main2 ">
<div class="image-container">
<img class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-default" data-no-border="0" data-hide-small="0" data-hide-print="0" data-hide-caption="0" data-percent="0" data-width style="max-width: 341px;width: 100%;" src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08/080222main2.jpg" alt="woman researcher testing samples at a kitchen sink">
</div>
<div class="article-image_caption">
<p>Kelsa Lowe, a graduate student at the University of California Davis, takes water samples at a home in Paradise. (Photo courtesy of Gina Solomon)</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>This intervention reflects a new development in crisis and disaster communication in that results needed to be individualized rather than community-wide. Therefore, researchers developed a framework that incorporated aspects of individual results and crisis communication while also considering the disaster context by communicating with first responders and avoiding interference with recovery efforts. Researchers also prioritized trauma-informed communications and personally connected with residents through household visits which included sampling and personalized communications. Overall, the framework met the community’s needs to have accessible information in a timely manner.</p>
<p>The research team sent result reports together with additional information, including fact sheets for each chemical detected in the household’s water sample; responses to FAQs raised during the community meeting; and an explanation of how the researchers’ testing methods compared to those of the local utilities in order to reduce confusion from discrepancies in the data.</p>
<p>“As is often the case in disaster communication, we were unable to fully pilot test materials given the short timeline. However, we used best practices and lessons learned from the community to develop reliable information that met their needs,” reflected Julie Von Behren, M.P.H., collaborating researcher on this project. “Working quickly like this, we also learned we had to be adaptive. For example, we made fact sheets on common contaminants in parallel with the sampling but had to make new ones for unanticipated contaminants. But the effort that went into providing so many details went a long way to helping the community take informed actions on their water use.”</p>
<p>When water sampling results came in, researchers categorized each household based on the severity of contamination. Households with water contamination above or near regulatory limits were prioritized and received information immediately, along with an offer of follow-up testing. While information packets were sent to all participants, residents could also attend a community meeting about the results and could choose to discuss results with the researchers either by phone or in-person.</p>
<h4>Determining Success of Returning Results to Residents</h4>
<p>Researchers surveyed participants about their water usage, concerns about contaminants, and how they felt about the research and communications process. Before receiving results, 47% of Paradise residents and 33% of nearby residents reported they were very worried about the safety of their water. After receiving results and communications materials, 56% of respondents were much less worried about the water, and 21% were slightly less worried, because they found out their own water supply was safe. About one-quarter of participants reported taking an action related to water usage after the study, such as installing a water filter. Over 83% of respondents stated the materials were understandable and 87% found them useful.</p>
<p>“The range of activities taken after receiving the results is consistent with the fact that each household had different contaminant levels,” stated Von Behren. “The benefit of this study and our individualized approach is that we were able to communicate information depending on a household’s circumstances.”</p>
<p>The researchers uploaded their questionnaires and other materials related to returning results to the <span><a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/dr2/">NIEHS Disaster Research Response (DR2) Resources Portal</a></span> so that other researchers studying the aftermath of wildfires or drinking water contamination have materials they can rapidly repurpose.</p>
<p>“Disaster results communication research is a developing field,” stated Solomon. “Principles of trauma-informed community engagement need to be incorporated into tailored communications, all under extreme time pressure. The resources we created can help others incorporate these principles effectively.”</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-container peph-container__secondary-articles">
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>Community-oriented Solutions Can Alleviate Mental Health Effects from Wildfire Smoke</h4>
<p>A team of NIEHS-funded researchers found that wildfire smoke affects people’s mental health and well-being. In their <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34991532/" target="_blank"><span>paper</span></a>&nbsp;, published in January 2022, they present data from interviews and focus groups with community members in a rural Washington area that had been affected by wildfire smoke. Community members said they had heightened anxiety, depression, isolation, a lack of motivation, and respiratory issues after wildfire smoke exposure. These effects were more pronounced among people who had outdoor occupations, lower income levels, or preexisting health conditions.</p><p>Proposed solutions were aimed at promoting stress reduction (for example, meditation lessons), physical protection (for example, increased distribution of air filters and development of community clean air spaces), and community cohesion (for example, hosting social gatherings and identifying opportunities for volunteering). The research team believes these community-led solutions can bolster resilience after wildfire smoke events. A researcher on the team, Nicole Errett, Ph.D., studies public health emergency preparedness, the health impacts of disasters, and community resilience at the University of Washington. You can read more about her work in the April 2021 PEPH newsletter.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>Environmental Career Worker Training Program Joins Justice40 Initiative</h4>
<p>The <a href="/careers/hazmat/training_program_areas/ecwtp" title="Environmental Career Worker Training Program">Environmental Career Worker Training Program</a> was <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/06/24/hhs-announces-programs-to-join-president-bidens-justice40-initiative.html" target="_blank"><span>selected</span></a> as one of 13 HHS programs to participate in the Justice40 Initiative in June 2022. Part of the NIEHS <a href="/careers/hazmat/about_wetp" title="About the Worker Training Program (WTP)">Worker Training Program</a>, the program provides opportunities for individuals from disadvantaged communities to obtain careers in environmental cleanup, hazardous waste removal, emergency response, and construction. The program has a strong history of helping unemployed, homeless, and formerly incarcerated people find good jobs.</p><p>PEPH podcasts celebrating the program’s 25th anniversary – NIEHS Program Builds Careers, Changes Lives: Part I and Part II – feature two program participants who discuss their experiences and career paths.</p><p>Justice40, created by <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/" target="_blank"><span>executive order</span></a> in early 2021, aims to ensure that federal agencies work with states and local communities to deliver 40% of the overall benefits of relevant federal investments to disadvantaged communities. With its programs included in Justice40, HHS hopes to help communities find relief from pollution and climate-related events that affect human health.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>Environmental Health Equity and Implementation Science Meeting Materials Available</h4>
<p>Environmental exposures can disproportionately affect people from racial and ethnic minority groups and disadvantaged communities. To address these disparities, interventions need to be equitably implemented. In winter 2022, NIEHS hosted a workshop, Advancing Environmental Health Equity Through Implementation Science, which explored how environmental health scientists can develop, adapt, and implement interventions, practices, and policies to prevent or mitigate harmful environmental exposures. The workshop covered what implementation science is, why it matters for environmental health and environmental justice research, evidence-based prevention and interventions, emerging environmental health issues, and community and multi-sector partnerships. The meeting materials, including the slides, <a href="/media/17921" title="Resources" data-entity-type="media" data-entity-uuid="36915dbc-739c-4fd2-86b0-7728fa6fdf4a" data-entity-substitution="media" data-entity-bundle="file" media_library="Media Library">resource list</a>, final report, and videos (<a href="/news/video/science?video=936853&amp;ordinal=1"><span>day one</span></a> and <a href="/news/video/science?video=936855&amp;ordinal=1"><span>day two</span></a>) are now available.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Air Monitoring Equipment Program Helps Protect Public</h4>
<p>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Wildfire <a href="https://www.epa.gov/air-sensor-toolbox/wildfire-smoke-air-monitoring-response-technology-wsmart-pilot" target="_blank"><span>Smoke Air Monitoring Response Technology</span></a> program, which started in 2021, <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/epa-expands-air-monitoring-capabilities-support-wildfire-impacted-states-tribes-and" target="_blank"><span>will continue in 2022</span></a>. The program was designed to quickly get air quality information to public health officials to enable them to better protect the public from the health risks of smoke exposure. It also addresses data gaps in air quality measures by providing equipment to areas that may not have monitoring stations. Through the program, state, local, and tribal air organizations can borrow different air quality measurement systems. One system allows people to map air quality while driving. The program also loans equipment to the U.S. Forest Service-led <a href="https://www.wildlandfiresmoke.net/home" target="_blank"><span>Interagency Wildland Fire Air Quality Response Program</span></a>, which addresses risks posed by wildland fire smoke to the public and fire personnel. Interested parties can fill out a <a href="https://www.epa.gov/air-sensor-toolbox/forms/wildfire-smoke-air-monitoring-research-technology-wsmart-pilot-request" target="_blank"><span>request form for air monitors</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="slot-container">
<h4>United Nations Report Describes How Governance Systems Can Prepare for Increased Disaster Risk</h4>
<p>The United Nations (UN) Office for Disaster Risk Reduction released its 2022 global assessment report, <span><a href="https://www.undrr.org/publication/global-assessment-report-disaster-risk-reduction-2022" target="_blank">Our World at Risk: Transforming Governance for a Resilient Future</a></span>. The report focuses on how governance systems can evolve to better address systemic risks of the future, including the climate emergency.</p><p>The report warns that human activity contributes to an increasing number of disasters across the world and that risk creation is growing faster than risk reduction. However, it also highlights the successes of risk reduction strategies in reducing the impact of disasters on people. The report was released ahead of the UN’s <span><a href="https://globalplatform.undrr.org/" target="_blank">Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction</a></span> meeting in May, which explored ways to address drivers of risk, such as poverty and inequality, and strengthen disaster risk governance.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-container newsletter-feedback">
<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#324257425a725c5b575a411c5c5b5a1c555d440d414750585751460f6277627a127c5745415e5746465740127457575650535159" class="newsletter-feedback_wrapper newsletter-feedback_with-hover">
<img class="newsletter-feedback_image" alt="Feedback" src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/peph/feedback-megaphone.svg">
<div class="newsletter-feedback_text">
<h3>WE WANT YOUR FEEDBACK</h3>
<p>Are you enjoying the PEPH Newsletter? Are there topics you'd like to see discussed more often? Please take a few minutes to provide feedback.</p>
</div>
<div class="newsletter-feedback_icon"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="peph-container peph-container__podcast-grantee">
<div class="podcast-container js-step-nav" id="step2" data-step="2" name="step2">
</div>
<div class="grantee-container js-step-nav" id="step3" data-step="3" name="step3">
<div class="slot-container">
<div class="grantee--text-container aa">
<div class="grantee--image-container">
<div class="mobile-vingette display-none"></div>
<div class="nonbordered"><img src="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08/080222grantee.jpg" desktop="/sites/default/files/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/2022/08/080222grantee.jpg" alt="Molly Kile, Sc.D." height="600" width="516" class=""></div>
</div>
<div class="shadow-overlay display-none"></div>
<div class="grantee--container">
<h5>PEPH Grantee Highlight</h5>
<h3>Molly Kile, Sc.D.</h3>
<div class="social-wrapper">
<a href="" class="facebook-link">&NoBreak;</a>
<a href="" class="twitter-link">&NoBreak;</a>
</div>
<p>Molly Kile, Sc.D., is passionate about reducing environmental exposure threats to some of the most vulnerable populations, including children and families living in areas with limited resources. As an environmental epidemiologist at Oregon State University, she studies the health impacts of early life exposures and the social and individual factors that mediate exposure responses. She conducts community-based research on the effect of early life exposure to metals and flame-retardant chemicals, well water safety, and air quality and chemical contamination.</p>
</div>
</div>
<a href="" class="button peph-button">Read more about Grantee</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="step4" name="step4" data-step="4" class="peph-container peph-container__funding js-step-nav">
<div class="slot-container">
<h3>Funding Opportunites</h3>
<div class ="funding-opp_row">
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Aug</span>
<span class="day">08</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-ES-22-006.html" target="_blank">Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Climate Change and Health</a>
</h5>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Encourages applications that address the impact of climate change on health and well-being over the life course, including the health implications of climate change in the United States and globally. NIEHS is leading the NIH-wide <span>Climate Change and Health Initiative</span>, of which this NOSI is a part. NIEHS is interested in research that addresses the impact of climate change on environmental health and innovative approaches to the development of prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the impacts of climate change on environmental health, particularly in communities most susceptible to these impacts. Researchers who wish to submit applications regarding this NOSI must select from a <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-ES-22-006.html" target="_blank"><span>list</span></a> of funding opportunity announcements sponsored by various NIH institutes and centers. Researchers interested in applying for climate change-related Small Business Innovation Research funding can see <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-ES-22-010.html" target="_blank"><span>Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Innovative Technologies for Research on Climate Change and Human Health (R43/R44 Small Business Innovation Research (R43/R44 Clinical Trial Optional)</span></a>. Researchers interested in applying for climate change-related Small Business Technology Transfer funding can see <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-ES-22-009.html" target="_blank"><span>Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Innovative Technologies for Research on Climate Change and Human Health Small Business Technology Transfer (R41/R42 Clinical Trial Optional)</span></a>.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong> August 8, 2022; October 5, 2022; November 3, 2022</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Jul</span>
<span class="day">30</span>
<span class="year">2021</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-ES-21-005.html" target="_blank">SBIR E-Learning for HAZMAT and Emergency Response (R43/R44 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a>
</h5>
<p>Encourages Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications from small business concerns that propose to further the development of Advanced Technology Training (ATT) products for the health and safety training of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) workers; waste treatment personnel; skilled support personnel associated with an emergency/disaster; emergency responders in biosafety response, infectious disease training and cleanup; emergency responders in disasters and resiliency training; and for ATT tools to assist in responding to environmental disasters. The major objective of the NIEHS Worker Training Program (WTP) is to prevent work related harm by assisting in the training of workers in how best to protect themselves and their communities from exposure to hazardous materials. NIEHS encourages applicants to review the <a href="/careers/hazmat/training_program_areas/att" title="SBIR E-Learning for HAZMAT Program">SBIR E-Learning for HAZMAT Program</a>, to pursue partnerships and collaboration with awardees of the <a href="/careers/hazmat/awardees" title="Who We Fund">WTP program,</a> and to design new technology-enhanced training methods or e-Learning products that can enhance the existing NIEHS supported curricula and training programs while adhering to the Minimum Health and Safety Training Criteria: Guidance for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) and HAZWOPER-Supporting Training.</p><p><strong>Deadline</strong>: July 30, 2021<br><strong>Letter of Intent</strong>: June 30, 2021</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class ="funding-opp_row">
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Aug</span>
<span class="day">25</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-ES-22-003.html" target="_blank">Research Coordinating Center to Support Climate Change and Health Community of Practice (U24 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a>
</h5>
<p>Solicits applications from eligible institutions to develop a Research Coordinating Center (RCC) to support the development of an NIH climate change and health (CCH) community of practice by managing and supporting current and future climate change and health research and capacity building efforts. The RCC will create a robust, inclusive CCH community of practice that fosters collaboration, capacity building, innovation and research that aligns with the <span>NIH CCH initiative</span>. The RCC will offer opportunities for collaboration between multiple disciplines required to conduct solutions-driven research on the health impacts of climate change. Additionally, the RCC seeks to promote inclusion of scientists from diverse backgrounds, including scientists from nationally underrepresented groups (see, Notice of NIH's Interest in Diversity, NOT-OD-20-031), and Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges and other Minority Serving Institutions in the community of practice. Comprehensive initiative coordination, including supporting services such as data and project management, will be part of the RCC efforts.</p><p><strong>Deadline:</strong> August 25, 2022</p><p><strong>Letter of Intent:</strong> July 25, 2022</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Sep</span>
<span class="day">05</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-22-176.html" target="_blank">PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH, CDC and FDA for Small Business Innovation Research Grant Applications (Parent SBIR [R43/R44] Clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a>
</h5>
<p></p><p>Enables U.S.-owned and operated small businesses to conduct research and development that has a strong potential for commercialization. This award and the associated <span><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-22-177.html" target="_blank">PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH and CDC for Small Business Innovation Research Grant Applications (Parent SBIR [R43/R44] Clinical Trial Required)</a></span> provide funds for small businesses to stimulate technological innovation in the private sector and strengthen the role of small business in meeting federal research and development needs. The related Small Business Technology Transfer announcements (<span><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-22-178.html" target="_blank">PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH for Small Business Technology Transfer Grant Applications (Parent STTR [R41/R42] Clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a></span> and <span><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-22-179.html" target="_blank">PHS 2022-2 Omnibus Solicitation of the NIH for Small Business Technology Transfer Grant Applications (Parent STTR [R41/R42 Clinical Trial Required)</a></span>) aim to foster technology transfer through cooperative research and development between small businesses and research institutions.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong> September 5, 2022; January 5, 2023; April 5, 2023</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class ="funding-opp_row">
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Jun</span>
<span class="day">05</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-22-137.html" target="_blank">Accelerating the Pace of Child Health Research Using Existing Data From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (R01-clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a>
</h5>
<p></p><p>Supports activities proposing to conduct analyses of existing <span><a href="https://abcdstudy.org/scientists_data_sharing.html" target="_blank">ABCD Study data</a></span> to accelerate the pace of research on child health and development, including: cross-sectional and/or longitudinal analyses; development of new or advanced statistical methods; and/or integration of ABCD data with other existing datasets that share common data elements. NIEHS is interested in applications that will use ABCD data resources to examine the contribution of environmental exposures on brain and development and to identify sensitive time windows of development that may confer individual susceptibility and also to identify protective factors that may mitigate environmental-induced changes. An <span><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-22-138.html" target="_blank">R21</a></span> funding opportunity is also open.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong> June 5, 2022; October 5, 2022; February 5, 2023</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Jan</span>
<span class="day">25</span>
<span class="year">2020</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/par-20-040.html" target="_blank">Research to Action: Assessing and Addressing Community Exposures to Environmental Contaminants (R01 Clinical Trial Optional)</a>
</h5>
<p>Encourages multidisciplinary projects to investigate the potential health risks of environmental exposures of concern to a community and to implement an environmental public health action plan based on research findings. Projects supported under this program are expected to employ community-engaged research methods to not only conduct research but also to seamlessly translate research findings into public health action. Check out the <a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/rta/cfg/index.cfm" title="Currently Funded Grantees">Research to Action Currently Funded Grantees</a> webpage for a sense of the types of projects supported through this FOA.</p>
<p><strong>Deadline</strong>: January 21, 2020</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class ="funding-opp_row">
<div class="funding-opp">
<div class="funding-opp_deadline">
<span class="deadline">Application Due Date</span>
<span class="month">Jun</span>
<span class="day">25</span>
<span class="year">2022</span>
</div>
<div class="funding-opp_general-info">
<h5 class="info-title">
<a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-22-060.html" target="_blank">Research Enhancement Award Program (REAP) for Health Professional Schools and Graduate Schools (R15 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)</a>
</h5>
<p></p><p>The REAP program will enable qualified scientists to receive support for small-scale research projects. It is anticipated that investigators supported under the REAP program will benefit from the opportunity to conduct independent research; that the grantee institution will benefit from a research environment strengthened through REAP grants; and that students at recipient institutions will benefit from exposure to and participation in scientific research in the biomedical sciences so that they consider careers in biomedical research. The REAP funding opportunity emphasizes the engagement and inclusion of health professional, undergraduates, and/or graduate students in research. Since diversity strengthens the research environment, REAP grantees are encouraged to recruit and include students from diverse backgrounds, including those from groups underrepresented in the biomedical research workforce. NIEHS will accept applications describing research projects that will have a defined impact on the environmental health sciences and must have a research focus on exposure-health related responses from environmental agents within the mission interest of the NIEHS.</p><p><strong>Deadlines:</strong> June 25, 2022; October 25, 2022</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="peph-button" href="/research/supported/translational/peph/foa" title="Funding Opportunity Announcements ">Visit the Funding Opportunity Announcements Page</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="step5" name="step5" data-step="5" class="js-step-nav peph-container peph-container__peph-related-news">
<div class="slot-container">
<h3>PEPH-Related News</h3>
<div class="peph-related-news_row">
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/7/science-highlights/sars-cov-2-filter/img_mobile940406.jpg/fileOJ6CMO" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/7/science-highlights/sars-cov-2-filter/img_mobile940406.jpg/fileOJ6CMO" alt="From right to left: Rollie Mills, Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Ph.D., and colleague Lindell Ormsbee, Ph.D." height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/7/science-highlights/sars-cov-2-filter/index.htm" target="_blank">Antiviral membranes boost masks’ ability to stop COVID<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>Funded by NIEHS and the National Science Foundation, the new membranes capture and deactivate SARS-CoV-2 on contact, preventing the spread of COVID-19.</p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/7/science-highlights/nutrition-and-autism/img_mobile940899.jpg/fileZxWjNe" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/7/science-highlights/nutrition-and-autism/img_mobile940899.jpg/fileZxWjNe" alt="Cindy Lawler, Ph.D." height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/7/science-highlights/nutrition-and-autism/index.htm" target="_blank">Links between nutrition, exposures, and autism focus of NIEHS event<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>New research shows potential for dietary interventions to protect against pollution and pesticides — and to reduce autism risk.</p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_row">
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/7/science-highlights/nanoparticle-exposures/img_mobile940883.jpg/filew2zsuF" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/7/science-highlights/nanoparticle-exposures/img_mobile940883.jpg/filew2zsuF" alt="Phoebe Stapleton, Ph.D." height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/7/science-highlights/nanoparticle-exposures/index.htm" target="_blank">Nanoparticles inhaled during pregnancy can infiltrate fetal tissues<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>NIEHS grantee examines the effects of exposure to tiny metal and plastic particles in animal models.</p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/7/science-highlights/naehsc-meeting/img_mobile940849.jpg/filefnOxB6" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/7/science-highlights/naehsc-meeting/img_mobile940849.jpg/filefnOxB6" alt="NIEHS areas of scientific focus" height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/7/science-highlights/naehsc-meeting/index.htm" target="_blank">New initiatives to transform research highlighted at Council meeting<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>Biomedical innovation, precision environmental health, environmental justice, and report back of research results among topics discussed.</p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_row">
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/7/community-impact/green-power-partnership/img_mobile940399.jpg/fileo5Vf7x" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/7/community-impact/green-power-partnership/img_mobile940399.jpg/fileo5Vf7x" alt="Steve Novak" height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/7/community-impact/green-power-partnership/index.htm" target="_blank">NIEHS partners with EPA and others to champion green power use<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>The collaborative effort includes more than 700 public and private organizations that seek to promote environmental stewardship.</p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news">
<div class="peph-related-news_image-wrapper">
<div class=" ">
<img src="/sites/default/files/2022/7/community-impact/nc-fish-forum/img_mobile940755.jpg/fileTCT8q0" desktop="/sites/default/files/2022/7/community-impact/nc-fish-forum/img_mobile940755.jpg/fileTCT8q0" alt="NC Fish Forum" height="630" width="1200" class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="peph-related-news_info">
<a href="https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2022/7/community-impact/nc-fish-forum/index.htm" target="_blank">North Carolina Fish Forum turns research collaboration into action<span title="This link leaves the NIEHS Main Site." class="exit"></span></a>
<em class="peph-related-news_source">Environmental Factor</em>
<p><p>NIEHS grantees and their partners promote safe fish consumption in the Tar Heel State.</p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div name="step7" id="step7" class="peph-container peph-container__peph-previous-issues">
<div class="background-image--container">
<img src="/themes/custom/niehs_cms/web-resources/images/peph-prev-issue-background.png" alt="PEPH Previous Issues Background">
</div>
<div class="previous-issues_text--container">
<h3 class="peph-previous-issues_header">Past Issues</h3>
<h5 class="peph-previous-issues_sub-header">If you liked this issue, don't miss our past issues.</h5>
<a href="/research/supported/translational/peph/newsletter/all-issues" class="button peph-button">All Previous Issues</a>
</div>
<!-- previous issues end -->
</div>
<div class="peph-container">
<div id='download-player'></div>
</div>
</div>
</artcle>
</div>
</main>
<a id="back2top" href="#top" title="Back to Top">Back<br>to Top</a>
</div>
<!-- Footer start -->
<div id="review-date" class="review-date-common"><span>Last Reviewed: February 27, 2025</span></div>
<div class="footer-wrapper">
<footer class="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div id="footer">
<div class="footer-media">
<div class="footer-address">
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov">
<h2>National Institute of<br>Environmental Health Sciences</h2>
</a>
</div>
<!-- address end -->
<div class="icon-links">
<!-- Last-Reviewed -->
<h3>Follow Us</h3>
<ul class="footer-icons--wrapper">
<li>
<a class="facebook-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS Facebook page" href="https://www.facebook.com/NIH.NIEHS" target="_blank"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="twitter-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS X (formerly Twitter) page" href="https://x.com/NIH_NIEHS" target="_blank"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="linkedin-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS LinkedIn page" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-institute-of-environmental-health-sciences-niehs-" target="_blank"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="email-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS mailing list signup page" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/newslist"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="youtube-link no-exit" aria-label="link to the NIEHS YouTube channel" href="https://www.youtube.com/@NIH_NIEHS" target="_blank"></a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="wifi-link" aria-label="link to the NIEHS RSS news feed page" href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/news/newsroom/rssfeed"></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer-link_list">
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-contactinformation-menu" id="block-contactinformation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--contact-information">
<h3 id="block-contactinformation-menu">Contact Information</h3>
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
<ul region="footer_a" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/od/ocpl/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64146">Contact Us</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/od/ocpl/employment" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63506">Employment Verification</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/foia" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63321">Freedom of Information Act</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/staff/index.cfm">Staff Directory</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/visiting" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63326">Visiting NIEHS</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/news/newsroom/newslist" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/72911">Sign Up for NIEHS Updates</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="footer-link_list">
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-policiesservices-menu" id="block-policiesservices" class="block block-menu navigation menu--policies-services">
<h3 id="block-policiesservices-menu">Policies &amp; Services</h3>
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
<ul region="footer_b" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/od/ocpl/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/64146">Request Translation Services</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="/about/od/ocpl/policies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/63516">Web Policies &amp; Notices</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://archive-it.org/collections/20032">Website Archive</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niehsstaff-menu" id="block-niehsstaff" class="block block-menu navigation menu--niehs-staff staff-footer">
<h3 id="block-niehsstaff-menu">NIEHS Staff</h3>
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
<ul region="footer_b" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://apps.niehs.nih.gov/webtraq/index.cfm?do=main.requestweb" id="updateThisPage" class="solid-wrench">Request an Update of This Webpage</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://junction.niehs.nih.gov/">The Junction</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="footer-link_list">
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-relatedservice-menu" id="block-relatedservice" class="block block-menu navigation menu--related-service">
<h3 id="block-relatedservice-menu">Related Sites</h3>
<div class="ftr-textlinks">
<ul region="footer_c" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">Health and Human Services</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://eeo.nih.gov/no-fear-act">NO FEAR Act</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-otherlanguages-menu" id="block-otherlanguages" class="block block-menu navigation menu--other-languages">
<h3 id="block-otherlanguages-menu">Other Languages</h3>
<ul region="footer_c" class="menu">
<li class="menu-item">
<a href="https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/enfermedades/">En Español</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Print-Footer starts -->
<div id="print-footer" class="clearfix">
This page URL:
<span id="current_url"></span><br>
NIEHS website: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/<br>
Email the Web Manager at <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0f786a6d626e616e686a7d4f61666a677c2161666721686079">[email&#160;protected]</a>
</div>
<!-- Print Footer ends -->
</footer>
</div>
<!-- Footer end -->
</div><!-- /.dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas -->
<!-- ~~~Beginning of footer assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<!-- ~~~End of footer assets (DO NOT DELETE)~~~-->
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_094iy4s7AoN9Q8Mg25eWjq5pG_S5-Oqn2T368t7WjTg.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtj-EKwjAMBl9otY9Usu6jrabNaDL18Z1sohv-CdwdhCQualJDK8gaKtoSrAP-yzokkcQIRsmndZz5Qld6HmUdiu4r70WLSfdnMWwUq_rEMhK7KLVK--NVf-RMCW7GnB11K5Gxt0kejYWmwKXdAtMIRt_ecJ_m3s3tzVlGxWB5aRO6gnrM_kCBFpP1qplhWPeOnXqBvgAGFXhZ"></script>
<script src="https://seek.niehs.nih.gov/common/js/jquery-ui-1.13.1.custom.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://seek.niehs.nih.gov/common/js/jquery.ui.touch-punch.min.js"></script>
<script src="/sites/default/files/js/js_0ufI-Hhk7LisZ7zefq7nbiPUtKpLhoyHIltHBVY-eB4.js?scope=footer&amp;delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=niehs_cms&amp;include=eJxtj-EKwjAMBl9otY9Usu6jrabNaDL18Z1sohv-CdwdhCQualJDK8gaKtoSrAP-yzokkcQIRsmndZz5Qld6HmUdiu4r70WLSfdnMWwUq_rEMhK7KLVK--NVf-RMCW7GnB11K5Gxt0kejYWmwKXdAtMIRt_ecJ_m3s3tzVlGxWB5aRO6gnrM_kCBFpP1qplhWPeOnXqBvgAGFXhZ"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"be99a44193","applicationID":"1017656361","transactionName":"ZFdaZkRXCkZQVkUPW10deVFCXwtbHnFDE0RSXmRcWVIBaXJaXxJGXF5UV0RqKlpVUGcPUURxV1xCRAtZXVBDSwpFW11F","queueTime":11,"applicationTime":320,"atts":"SBBNEAxNGRkTVBNcT05P","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink