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<!--
|
||
UID=1826096
|
||
ConceptID=C5680749
|
||
-->
|
||
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Sickle cell disease and related diseases</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1826096</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C5680749</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=275752">ORPHA275752</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5680749[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1826096">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=1826096" ref="ncbi_uid=1826096">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Sickle cell disease and related diseases</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Sickle cell disease and related diseases</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/287" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hb SS disease">Hb SS disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/196643" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acute chest syndrome">Acute chest syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/20750" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sickle cell trait">Sickle cell trait</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/5496" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease">Sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1388035" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sickle Cell-SS Disease">Sickle Cell-SS Disease</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36327391">CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain - United States, 2022.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dowell D,
|
||
Ragan KR,
|
||
Jones CM,
|
||
Baldwin GT,
|
||
Chou R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">MMWR Recomm Rep</span>
|
||
2022 Nov 4;71(3):1-95.
|
||
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7103a1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36327391" target="_blank">36327391</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9639433" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31990651">Sickle cell disease: A primary care update.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Onimoe G,
|
||
Rotz S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cleve Clin J Med</span>
|
||
2020 Jan;87(1):19-27.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jan 2
|
||
doi: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.18051.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31990651" target="_blank">31990651</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30921525">Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)-Executive Summary.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mitchell RB,
|
||
Archer SM,
|
||
Ishman SL,
|
||
Rosenfeld RM,
|
||
Coles S,
|
||
Finestone SA,
|
||
Friedman NR,
|
||
Giordano T,
|
||
Hildrew DM,
|
||
Kim TW,
|
||
Lloyd RM,
|
||
Parikh SR,
|
||
Shulman ST,
|
||
Walner DL,
|
||
Walsh SA,
|
||
Nnacheta LC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
|
||
2019 Feb;160(2):187-205.
|
||
doi: 10.1177/0194599818807917.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30921525" target="_blank">30921525</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (420)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-S-ACT-Sheet.pdf" target="_blank">ACMG ACT, Hemoglobin S/Beta Plus Thalassemia , 2023</a></h3>
|
||
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-S-Algorithm.pdf" target="_blank">ACMG Algorithm, FSA: Hemoglobin HbS/B+ Screening Result, 2023</a></h3>
|
||
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Sickle-Cell-Disease-Transition.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Transition to Adult Health Care ACT Sheet, Sickle Cell Disease, 2012</a></h3>
|
||
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/HB-S-Screening-Algorithm.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Algorithm, Hb S Screening, 2009</a></h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38066873">Alloimmunization and hyperhemolysis in sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pirenne F,
|
||
Pondarré C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program</span>
|
||
2023 Dec 8;2023(1):653-659.
|
||
doi: 10.1182/hematology.2023000499.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38066873" target="_blank">38066873</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10727070" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32139143">Cardiovascular complications of sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sachdev V,
|
||
Rosing DR,
|
||
Thein SL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cardiovasc Med</span>
|
||
2021 Apr;31(3):187-193.
|
||
Epub 2020 Feb 11
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.02.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32139143" target="_blank">32139143</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7417280" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31600481">Reducing Health Care Disparities in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee L,
|
||
Smith-Whitley K,
|
||
Banks S,
|
||
Puckrein G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Public Health Rep</span>
|
||
2019 Nov/Dec;134(6):599-607.
|
||
Epub 2019 Oct 10
|
||
doi: 10.1177/0033354919881438.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31600481" target="_blank">31600481</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6832089" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29859773">Gene therapy for sickle cell disease: An update.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Demirci S,
|
||
Uchida N,
|
||
Tisdale JF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cytotherapy</span>
|
||
2018 Jul;20(7):899-910.
|
||
Epub 2018 May 30
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.04.003.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29859773" target="_blank">29859773</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6123269" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19112541">Sickle cell anemia, the first molecular disease: overview of molecular etiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Steinberg MH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">ScientificWorldJournal</span>
|
||
2008 Dec 25;8:1295-324.
|
||
doi: 10.1100/tsw.2008.157.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19112541" target="_blank">19112541</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5848659" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2297)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38066873">Alloimmunization and hyperhemolysis in sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pirenne F,
|
||
Pondarré C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program</span>
|
||
2023 Dec 8;2023(1):653-659.
|
||
doi: 10.1182/hematology.2023000499.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38066873" target="_blank">38066873</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10727070" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34215402">Pediatric Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stephanos K,
|
||
Dubbs SB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Emerg Med Clin North Am</span>
|
||
2021 Aug;39(3):555-571.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jun 9
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2021.04.007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34215402" target="_blank">34215402</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32139143">Cardiovascular complications of sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sachdev V,
|
||
Rosing DR,
|
||
Thein SL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cardiovasc Med</span>
|
||
2021 Apr;31(3):187-193.
|
||
Epub 2020 Feb 11
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.02.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32139143" target="_blank">32139143</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7417280" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26637716">Sickle cell trait diagnosis: clinical and social implications.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Naik RP,
|
||
Haywood C Jr</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program</span>
|
||
2015;2015(1):160-7.
|
||
doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.160.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26637716" target="_blank">26637716</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4697437" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24361656">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chelcun JL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAAPA</span>
|
||
2014 Jan;27(1):45-6.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000438537.22634.0a.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24361656" target="_blank">24361656</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1239)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34898139">Biologic and Clinical Efficacy of LentiGlobin for Sickle Cell Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanter J,
|
||
Walters MC,
|
||
Krishnamurti L,
|
||
Mapara MY,
|
||
Kwiatkowski JL,
|
||
Rifkin-Zenenberg S,
|
||
Aygun B,
|
||
Kasow KA,
|
||
Pierciey FJ Jr,
|
||
Bonner M,
|
||
Miller A,
|
||
Zhang X,
|
||
Lynch J,
|
||
Kim D,
|
||
Ribeil JA,
|
||
Asmal M,
|
||
Goyal S,
|
||
Thompson AA,
|
||
Tisdale JF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2022 Feb 17;386(7):617-628.
|
||
Epub 2021 Dec 12
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2117175.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34898139" target="_blank">34898139</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34215402">Pediatric Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stephanos K,
|
||
Dubbs SB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Emerg Med Clin North Am</span>
|
||
2021 Aug;39(3):555-571.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jun 9
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2021.04.007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34215402" target="_blank">34215402</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32298430">American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in children and adults.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">DeBaun MR,
|
||
Jordan LC,
|
||
King AA,
|
||
Schatz J,
|
||
Vichinsky E,
|
||
Fox CK,
|
||
McKinstry RC,
|
||
Telfer P,
|
||
Kraut MA,
|
||
Daraz L,
|
||
Kirkham FJ,
|
||
Murad MH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Blood Adv</span>
|
||
2020 Apr 28;4(8):1554-1588.
|
||
doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001142.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32298430" target="_blank">32298430</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7189278" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31199090">A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Voxelotor in Sickle Cell Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vichinsky E,
|
||
Hoppe CC,
|
||
Ataga KI,
|
||
Ware RE,
|
||
Nduba V,
|
||
El-Beshlawy A,
|
||
Hassab H,
|
||
Achebe MM,
|
||
Alkindi S,
|
||
Brown RC,
|
||
Diuguid DL,
|
||
Telfer P,
|
||
Tsitsikas DA,
|
||
Elghandour A,
|
||
Gordeuk VR,
|
||
Kanter J,
|
||
Abboud MR,
|
||
Lehrer-Graiwer J,
|
||
Tonda M,
|
||
Intondi A,
|
||
Tong B,
|
||
Howard J;
|
||
HOPE Trial Investigators</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2019 Aug 8;381(6):509-519.
|
||
Epub 2019 Jun 14
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1903212.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31199090" target="_blank">31199090</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29859773">Gene therapy for sickle cell disease: An update.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Demirci S,
|
||
Uchida N,
|
||
Tisdale JF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cytotherapy</span>
|
||
2018 Jul;20(7):899-910.
|
||
Epub 2018 May 30
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.04.003.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29859773" target="_blank">29859773</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6123269" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1246)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36400532">Sickle Cell Disease Pathophysiology and Related Molecular and Biophysical Biomarkers.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saah E,
|
||
Fadaei P,
|
||
Gurkan UA,
|
||
Sheehan V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hematol Oncol Clin North Am</span>
|
||
2022 Dec;36(6):1077-1095.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.06.005.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36400532" target="_blank">36400532</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34215402">Pediatric Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stephanos K,
|
||
Dubbs SB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Emerg Med Clin North Am</span>
|
||
2021 Aug;39(3):555-571.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jun 9
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2021.04.007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34215402" target="_blank">34215402</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32139143">Cardiovascular complications of sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sachdev V,
|
||
Rosing DR,
|
||
Thein SL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cardiovasc Med</span>
|
||
2021 Apr;31(3):187-193.
|
||
Epub 2020 Feb 11
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.02.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32139143" target="_blank">32139143</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7417280" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32928459">Trends in Sickle Cell Disease-Related Mortality in the United States, 1979 to 2017.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Payne AB,
|
||
Mehal JM,
|
||
Chapman C,
|
||
Haberling DL,
|
||
Richardson LC,
|
||
Bean CJ,
|
||
Hooper WC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Emerg Med</span>
|
||
2020 Sep;76(3S):S28-S36.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.08.009.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32928459" target="_blank">32928459</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7598427" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27965196">Sickle cell disease: an international survey of results of HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gluckman E,
|
||
Cappelli B,
|
||
Bernaudin F,
|
||
Labopin M,
|
||
Volt F,
|
||
Carreras J,
|
||
Pinto Simões B,
|
||
Ferster A,
|
||
Dupont S,
|
||
de la Fuente J,
|
||
Dalle JH,
|
||
Zecca M,
|
||
Walters MC,
|
||
Krishnamurti L,
|
||
Bhatia M,
|
||
Leung K,
|
||
Yanik G,
|
||
Kurtzberg J,
|
||
Dhedin N,
|
||
Kuentz M,
|
||
Michel G,
|
||
Apperley J,
|
||
Lutz P,
|
||
Neven B,
|
||
Bertrand Y,
|
||
Vannier JP,
|
||
Ayas M,
|
||
Cavazzana M,
|
||
Matthes-Martin S,
|
||
Rocha V,
|
||
Elayoubi H,
|
||
Kenzey C,
|
||
Bader P,
|
||
Locatelli F,
|
||
Ruggeri A,
|
||
Eapen M;
|
||
Eurocord, the Pediatric Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Blood</span>
|
||
2017 Mar 16;129(11):1548-1556.
|
||
Epub 2016 Dec 13
|
||
doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-10-745711.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27965196" target="_blank">27965196</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5356458" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (897)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36161320">Lovo-cel gene therapy for sickle cell disease: Treatment process evolution and outcomes in the initial groups of the HGB-206 study.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanter J,
|
||
Thompson AA,
|
||
Pierciey FJ Jr,
|
||
Hsieh M,
|
||
Uchida N,
|
||
Leboulch P,
|
||
Schmidt M,
|
||
Bonner M,
|
||
Guo R,
|
||
Miller A,
|
||
Ribeil JA,
|
||
Davidson D,
|
||
Asmal M,
|
||
Walters MC,
|
||
Tisdale JF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
|
||
2023 Jan;98(1):11-22.
|
||
Epub 2022 Oct 10
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajh.26741.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36161320" target="_blank">36161320</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10092845" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34898139">Biologic and Clinical Efficacy of LentiGlobin for Sickle Cell Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanter J,
|
||
Walters MC,
|
||
Krishnamurti L,
|
||
Mapara MY,
|
||
Kwiatkowski JL,
|
||
Rifkin-Zenenberg S,
|
||
Aygun B,
|
||
Kasow KA,
|
||
Pierciey FJ Jr,
|
||
Bonner M,
|
||
Miller A,
|
||
Zhang X,
|
||
Lynch J,
|
||
Kim D,
|
||
Ribeil JA,
|
||
Asmal M,
|
||
Goyal S,
|
||
Thompson AA,
|
||
Tisdale JF</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2022 Feb 17;386(7):617-628.
|
||
Epub 2021 Dec 12
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2117175.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34898139" target="_blank">34898139</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21718552">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meremikwu MM,
|
||
Okomo U</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Clin Evid</span>
|
||
2011 Feb 14;2011
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21718552" target="_blank">21718552</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3217656" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19445751">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meremikwu MM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Clin Evid</span>
|
||
2009 Mar 27;2009
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19445751" target="_blank">19445751</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2907800" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15561675">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Buchanan GR,
|
||
DeBaun MR,
|
||
Quinn CT,
|
||
Steinberg MH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program</span>
|
||
2004:35-47.
|
||
doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2004.1.35.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15561675" target="_blank">15561675</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1176)</a></div></div>
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||
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|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38775255">Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bolarinwa AB,
|
||
Oduwole O,
|
||
Okebe J,
|
||
Ogbenna AA,
|
||
Otokiti OE,
|
||
Olatinwo AT</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2024 May 22;5(5):CD013590.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013590.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38775255" target="_blank">38775255</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11110109" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36217841">Sickle cell disease in gulf cooperation council countries: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Abu-Shaheen A,
|
||
Dahan D,
|
||
Henaa H,
|
||
Nofal A,
|
||
Abdelmoety DA,
|
||
Riaz M,
|
||
AlSheef M,
|
||
Almatary A,
|
||
AlFayyad I</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Rev Hematol</span>
|
||
2022 Oct;15(10):893-909.
|
||
Epub 2022 Oct 18
|
||
doi: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2132225.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36217841" target="_blank">36217841</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30270423">Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fisher E,
|
||
Law E,
|
||
Dudeney J,
|
||
Palermo TM,
|
||
Stewart G,
|
||
Eccleston C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2018 Sep 29;9(9):CD003968.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003968.pub5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30270423" target="_blank">30270423</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6257251" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21718552">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meremikwu MM,
|
||
Okomo U</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Clin Evid</span>
|
||
2011 Feb 14;2011
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21718552" target="_blank">21718552</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3217656" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19445751">Sickle cell disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Meremikwu MM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Clin Evid</span>
|
||
2009 Mar 27;2009
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19445751" target="_blank">19445751</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2907800" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (135)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
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|
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5680749%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (7)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5680749%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F18" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of select exons (4)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5680749%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F9" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of select exons (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5680749%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (10)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5680749%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (4)</a></li>
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||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5680749%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (14)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=275752" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul><h3 class="subhead">Curated</h3><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-S-ACT-Sheet.pdf">ACMG ACT, 2023</a><div>ACMG ACT, Hemoglobin S/Beta Plus Thalassemia , 2023</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Hemoglobin-S-Algorithm.pdf">ACMG Algorithm, 2023</a><div>ACMG Algorithm, FSA: Hemoglobin HbS/B+ Screening Result, 2023</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/Sickle-Cell-Disease-Transition.pdf">ACMG ACT, 2012</a><div>American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Transition to Adult Health Care ACT Sheet, Sickle Cell Disease, 2012</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/HB-S-Screening-Algorithm.pdf">ACMG Algorithm, 2009</a><div>American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Algorithm, Hb S Screening, 2009</div></li></ul></div>
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<a href="/pubmed?term=Sickle%20cell%20disease%20and%20related%20diseases%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=2&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
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