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<meta name="keywords" content="C5394362, disease or syndrome, epilepsy, progressive myoclonic, 11, epm11, sema6b, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Progressive myoclonic epilepsy-11 (EPM11) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of developmental regression and various types of seizures around 2 years of age after relatively normal early development. The seizures are usually refractory to treatment and are associated with multiple abnormalities on EEG. During the first and second decades, affected individuals develop additional neurologic signs and symptoms, including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs such as spasticity, loss of independent ambulation, myoclonus, tremor, and ataxia. Cognitive impairment is severe, and patients can speak only a few words or are non-verbal (summary by Hamanaka et al., 2020).&#13; For discussion of genetic heterogeneity of progressive myoclonic epilepsy, see EPM1A (254800)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic, 11 (Concept Id: C5394362)
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<!--
UID=1716712
ConceptID=C5394362
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic, 11<span class="h1sub">(EPM11)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1716712</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C5394362</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>EPILEPSY, PROGRESSIVE MYOCLONIC, 11; EPM11</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="SEMA6B - ID: 10501 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/10501" class="medgenPMinfo">SEMA6B</a> (19p13.3)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0030034" target="_blank">MONDO:0030034</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/618876" target="_blank">618876</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Progressive myoclonic epilepsy-11 (EPM11) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of developmental regression and various types of seizures around 2 years of age after relatively normal early development. The seizures are usually refractory to treatment and are associated with multiple abnormalities on EEG. During the first and second decades, affected individuals develop additional neurologic signs and symptoms, including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs such as spasticity, loss of independent ambulation, myoclonus, tremor, and ataxia. Cognitive impairment is severe, and patients can speak only a few words or are non-verbal (summary by Hamanaka et al., 2020).&#13; For discussion of genetic heterogeneity of progressive myoclonic epilepsy, see EPM1A (254800). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_849"><div><strong>Cerebellar ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>849</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0007758</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/849">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20ataxia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20849%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10234"><div><strong>Myoclonus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10234</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0027066</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Very brief, involuntary random muscular contractions occurring at rest, in response to sensory stimuli, or accompanying voluntary movements.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10234">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Myoclonus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010234%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_48638"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, severe</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>48638</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036857</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Severe mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 20-34.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/48638">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%2C%20severe%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2048638%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57738"><div><strong>Hyperreflexia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57738</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151889</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57738">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperreflexia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057738%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66034"><div><strong>Delayed ability to walk</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0241726</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66034">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20ability%20to%20walk%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066034%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105318"><div><strong>Delayed speech and language development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0454644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105318">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20speech%20and%20language%20development%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_196624"><div><strong>Cerebellar atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>196624</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0740279</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/196624">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20196624%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324613"><div><strong>Developmental regression</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836830</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324613">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Developmental%20regression%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324613%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_333548"><div><strong>Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>333548</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1840379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/333548">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebellar%20vermis%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20333548%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_813291"><div><strong>Giant somatosensory evoked potentials</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>813291</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3806961</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal enlargement (i.e. increase in measured voltage) of somatosensory evoked potentials.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/813291">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Giant%20somatosensory%20evoked%20potentials%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20813291%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1642960"><div><strong>Intention tremor</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1642960</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551520</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of kinetic tremor that occurs during target directed movement is called intention tremor. That is, an oscillatory cerebellar ataxia that tends to be absent when the limbs are inactive and during the first part of voluntary movement but worsening as the movement continues and greater precision is required (e.g., in touching a target such as the patient's nose or a physician's finger).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1642960">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intention%20tremor%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201642960%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_7752"><div><strong>Rigidity</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7752</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026837</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7752">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Rigidity%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%207752%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6146"><div><strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6146</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024141</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by production of autoantibodies against nuclear, cytoplasmic, and cell surface molecules that transcend organ-specific boundaries. Tissue deposition of antibodies or immune complexes induces inflammation and subsequent injury of multiple organs and finally results in clinical manifestations of SLE, including glomerulonephritis, dermatitis, thrombosis, vasculitis, seizures, and arthritis. Evidence strongly suggests the involvement of genetic components in SLE susceptibility (summary by Oishi et al., 2008).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus&#13; An autosomal recessive form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLEB16; 614420) is caused by mutation in the DNASE1L3 gene (602244) on chromosome 3p14.3. An X-linked dominant form of SLE (SLEB17; 301080) is caused by heterozygous mutation in the TLR7 gene (300365) on chromosome Xp22.&#13; See MAPPING and MOLECULAR GENETICS sections for a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to SLE.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6146">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Systemic%20lupus%20erythematosus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206146%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the immune system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6146" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Systemic lupus erythematosus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_7752" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rigidity</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_849" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar ataxia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_196624" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_333548" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed ability to walk</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed speech and language development</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental regression</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_813291" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Giant somatosensory evoked potentials</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57738" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperreflexia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_48638" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, severe</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1642960" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intention tremor</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10234" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Myoclonus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33773408">Italian cohort of Lafora disease: Clinical features, disease evolution, and genotype-phenotype correlations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Riva A,
Orsini A,
Scala M,
Taramasso V,
Canafoglia L,
d'Orsi G,
Di Claudio MT,
Avolio C,
D'Aniello A,
Elia M,
Franceschetti S,
Di Gennaro G,
Bisulli F,
Tinuper P,
Tappatà M,
Romeo A,
Freri E,
Marini C,
Costa C,
Sofia V,
Ferlazzo E,
Magaudda A,
Veggiotti P,
Gennaro E,
Pistorio A,
Minetti C,
Bianchi A,
Striano S,
Michelucci R,
Zara F,
Minassian BA,
Striano P;
Italian League Against Epilepsy Genetic Commission</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Sci</span>
2021 May 15;424:117409.
Epub 2021 Mar 20
doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117409.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33773408" target="_blank">33773408</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8166462" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30999254">Unverricht-Lundborg disease: Clinical course and seizure management based on the experience of polish centers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lasek-Bal A,
Lukasik M,
Żak A,
Sulek A,
Bosak M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
2019 Jul;69:87-91.
Epub 2019 Apr 10
doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.04.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30999254" target="_blank">30999254</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11346373">Long-term efficacy and safety of piracetam in the treatment of progressive myoclonus epilepsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fedi M,
Reutens D,
Dubeau F,
Andermann E,
D'Agostino D,
Andermann F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
2001 May;58(5):781-6.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.58.5.781.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11346373" target="_blank">11346373</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(epilepsy%2C%20progressive%20myoclonic%2C%2011)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38635907">Gut dysbiosis impairs intestinal renewal and lipid absorption in Scarb2 deficiency-associated neurodegeneration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li Y,
Liu X,
Sun X,
Li H,
Wang S,
Tian W,
Xiang C,
Zhang X,
Zheng J,
Wang H,
Zhang L,
Cao L,
Wong CCL,
Liu Z</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Protein Cell</span>
2024 Nov 1;15(11):818-839.
doi: 10.1093/procel/pwae016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38635907" target="_blank">38635907</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11528516" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26723987">Striatal glucose hypometabolism in preadolescent-onset dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sone D,
Sato N,
Yokoyama K,
Sumida K,
Kanai M,
Imabayashi E,
Saito Y,
Matsuda H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Sci</span>
2016 Jan 15;360:121-4.
Epub 2015 Dec 3
doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26723987" target="_blank">26723987</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22527233">Importance of CAG repeat length in childhood-onset dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maruyama S,
Saito Y,
Nakagawa E,
Saito T,
Komaki H,
Sugai K,
Sasaki M,
Kumada S,
Saito Y,
Tanaka H,
Minami N,
Goto Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2012 Nov;259(11):2329-34.
Epub 2012 Apr 18
doi: 10.1007/s00415-012-6493-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22527233" target="_blank">22527233</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15304590">Most cases of dementia with hippocampal sclerosis may represent frontotemporal dementia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hatanpaa KJ,
Blass DM,
Pletnikova O,
Crain BJ,
Bigio EH,
Hedreen JC,
White CL 3rd,
Troncoso JC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2004 Aug 10;63(3):538-42.
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000129543.46734.c0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15304590" target="_blank">15304590</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8215979">Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">DiMauro S,
Moraes CT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
1993 Nov;50(11):1197-208.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.1993.00540110075008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8215979" target="_blank">8215979</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epilepsy%2C%20progressive%20myoclonic%2C%2011%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (59)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38231304">KCTD7-related progressive myoclonic epilepsy: Report of 42 cases and review of literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yoganathan S,
Whitney R,
Thomas M,
Danda S,
Chettali AM,
Prasad AN,
Farhan SMK,
AlSowat D,
Abukhaled M,
Aldhalaan H,
Gowda VK,
Kinhal UV,
Bylappa AY,
Konanki R,
Lingappa L,
Parchuri BM,
Appendino JP,
Scantlebury MH,
Cunningham J,
Hadjinicolaou A,
El Achkar CM,
Kamate M,
Menon RN,
Jose M,
Riordan G,
Kannan L,
Jain V,
Manokaran RK,
Chau V,
Donner EJ,
Costain G,
Minassian BA,
Jain P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
2024 Mar;65(3):709-724.
Epub 2024 Jan 17
doi: 10.1111/epi.17880.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38231304" target="_blank">38231304</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29760464">CO(2)-sensitive tRNA modification associated with human mitochondrial disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin H,
Miyauchi K,
Harada T,
Okita R,
Takeshita E,
Komaki H,
Fujioka K,
Yagasaki H,
Goto YI,
Yanaka K,
Nakagawa S,
Sakaguchi Y,
Suzuki T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Commun</span>
2018 May 14;9(1):1875.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04250-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29760464" target="_blank">29760464</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5951830" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15304590">Most cases of dementia with hippocampal sclerosis may represent frontotemporal dementia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hatanpaa KJ,
Blass DM,
Pletnikova O,
Crain BJ,
Bigio EH,
Hedreen JC,
White CL 3rd,
Troncoso JC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
2004 Aug 10;63(3):538-42.
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000129543.46734.c0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15304590" target="_blank">15304590</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11439374">Muscle glycogenoses.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">DiMauro S,
Lamperti C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Muscle Nerve</span>
2001 Aug;24(8):984-99.
doi: 10.1002/mus.1103.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11439374" target="_blank">11439374</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8215979">Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">DiMauro S,
Moraes CT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
1993 Nov;50(11):1197-208.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.1993.00540110075008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8215979" target="_blank">8215979</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epilepsy%2C%20progressive%20myoclonic%2C%2011%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (79)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35835895">Pharmacological Modulation of Glutamatergic and Neuroinflammatory Pathways in a Lafora Disease Mouse Model.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mollá B,
Heredia M,
Campos Á,
Sanz P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Neurobiol</span>
2022 Oct;59(10):6018-6032.
Epub 2022 Jul 14
doi: 10.1007/s12035-022-02956-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35835895" target="_blank">35835895</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9463199" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34069559">Beneficial Effects of Metformin on the Central Nervous System, with a Focus on Epilepsy and Lafora Disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sanz P,
Serratosa JM,
Sánchez MP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
2021 May 19;22(10)
doi: 10.3390/ijms22105351.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34069559" target="_blank">34069559</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8160983" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25661268">Myoclonic epilepsy in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aller-Alvarez JS,
Menéndez-González M,
Ribacoba-Montero R,
Salvado M,
Vega V,
Suárez-Moro R,
Sueiras M,
Toledo M,
Salas-Puig J,
Álvarez-Sabin J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurologia</span>
2017 Mar;32(2):69-73.
Epub 2015 Feb 7
doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2014.12.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25661268" target="_blank">25661268</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27157382">Long-term evolution of EEG in Unverricht-Lundborg disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gargouri-Berrechid A,
Nasri A,
Kacem I,
Sidhom Y,
Abdelkefi I,
Hizem Y,
Ben Djebrara M,
Gouider R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurophysiol Clin</span>
2016 Apr;46(2):119-24.
Epub 2016 May 4
doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2016.03.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27157382" target="_blank">27157382</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4620029">Progressive myoclonic epilepsy. The response to sodium di -- n -- propylacetate.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tomlinson EB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Proc Aust Assoc Neurol</span>
1974;11:203-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4620029" target="_blank">4620029</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epilepsy%2C%20progressive%20myoclonic%2C%2011%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (27)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38844245">The natural history of progressive myoclonus ataxia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Veen S,
Eggink H,
Elting JWJ,
Sival D,
Verschuuren-Bemelmans CC,
de Koning TJ,
Tijssen MAJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurobiol Dis</span>
2024 Sep;199:106555.
Epub 2024 Jun 4
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106555.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38844245" target="_blank">38844245</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30999254">Unverricht-Lundborg disease: Clinical course and seizure management based on the experience of polish centers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lasek-Bal A,
Lukasik M,
Żak A,
Sulek A,
Bosak M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Seizure</span>
2019 Jul;69:87-91.
Epub 2019 Apr 10
doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.04.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30999254" target="_blank">30999254</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25661268">Myoclonic epilepsy in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aller-Alvarez JS,
Menéndez-González M,
Ribacoba-Montero R,
Salvado M,
Vega V,
Suárez-Moro R,
Sueiras M,
Toledo M,
Salas-Puig J,
Álvarez-Sabin J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurologia</span>
2017 Mar;32(2):69-73.
Epub 2015 Feb 7
doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2014.12.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25661268" target="_blank">25661268</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22527233">Importance of CAG repeat length in childhood-onset dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maruyama S,
Saito Y,
Nakagawa E,
Saito T,
Komaki H,
Sugai K,
Sasaki M,
Kumada S,
Saito Y,
Tanaka H,
Minami N,
Goto Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2012 Nov;259(11):2329-34.
Epub 2012 Apr 18
doi: 10.1007/s00415-012-6493-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22527233" target="_blank">22527233</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10641610">Neurologic presentations of mitochondrial disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nissenkorn A,
Zeharia A,
Lev D,
Watemberg N,
Fattal-Valevski A,
Barash V,
Gutman A,
Harel S,
Lerman-Sagie T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Child Neurol</span>
2000 Jan;15(1):44-8.
doi: 10.1177/088307380001500110.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10641610" target="_blank">10641610</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epilepsy%2C%20progressive%20myoclonic%2C%2011%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (41)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38844245">The natural history of progressive myoclonus ataxia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Veen S,
Eggink H,
Elting JWJ,
Sival D,
Verschuuren-Bemelmans CC,
de Koning TJ,
Tijssen MAJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurobiol Dis</span>
2024 Sep;199:106555.
Epub 2024 Jun 4
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106555.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38844245" target="_blank">38844245</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29760464">CO(2)-sensitive tRNA modification associated with human mitochondrial disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin H,
Miyauchi K,
Harada T,
Okita R,
Takeshita E,
Komaki H,
Fujioka K,
Yagasaki H,
Goto YI,
Yanaka K,
Nakagawa S,
Sakaguchi Y,
Suzuki T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Commun</span>
2018 May 14;9(1):1875.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04250-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29760464" target="_blank">29760464</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5951830" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21661050">Motor cortical plasticity is impaired in Unverricht-Lundborg disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Danner N,
Säisänen L,
Määttä S,
Julkunen P,
Hukkanen T,
Könönen M,
Hyppönen J,
Kälviäinen R,
Mervaala E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2011 Sep;26(11):2095-100.
Epub 2011 Jun 9
doi: 10.1002/mds.23813.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21661050" target="_blank">21661050</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10487174">Photic reflex myoclonus: a neurophysiological study in progressive myoclonus epilepsies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rubboli G,
Meletti S,
Gardella E,
Zaniboni A,
d'Orsi G,
Dravet C,
Tassinari CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
1999;40 Suppl 4:50-8.
doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00907.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10487174" target="_blank">10487174</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10484766">Instability of the EPM1 minisatellite.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Larson GP,
Ding S,
Lafrenière RG,
Rouleau GA,
Krontiris TG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mol Genet</span>
1999 Oct;8(11):1985-8.
doi: 10.1093/hmg/8.11.1985.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10484766" target="_blank">10484766</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epilepsy%2C%20progressive%20myoclonic%2C%2011%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (55)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38231304">KCTD7-related progressive myoclonic epilepsy: Report of 42 cases and review of literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yoganathan S,
Whitney R,
Thomas M,
Danda S,
Chettali AM,
Prasad AN,
Farhan SMK,
AlSowat D,
Abukhaled M,
Aldhalaan H,
Gowda VK,
Kinhal UV,
Bylappa AY,
Konanki R,
Lingappa L,
Parchuri BM,
Appendino JP,
Scantlebury MH,
Cunningham J,
Hadjinicolaou A,
El Achkar CM,
Kamate M,
Menon RN,
Jose M,
Riordan G,
Kannan L,
Jain V,
Manokaran RK,
Chau V,
Donner EJ,
Costain G,
Minassian BA,
Jain P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
2024 Mar;65(3):709-724.
Epub 2024 Jan 17
doi: 10.1111/epi.17880.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38231304" target="_blank">38231304</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35801267">Long Latency Reflexes in Clinical Neurology: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dhar D,
Kamble N,
Pal PK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Neurol Sci</span>
2023 Sep;50(5):751-763.
Epub 2022 Jul 8
doi: 10.1017/cjn.2022.270.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35801267" target="_blank">35801267</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34399803">Natural history of Lafora disease: a prognostic systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pondrelli F,
Muccioli L,
Licchetta L,
Mostacci B,
Zenesini C,
Tinuper P,
Vignatelli L,
Bisulli F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2021 Aug 16;16(1):362.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01989-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34399803" target="_blank">34399803</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8365996" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19514013">Clinical and genetic characteristics of non-Asian dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wardle M,
Morris HR,
Robertson NP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2009 Aug 15;24(11):1636-40.
doi: 10.1002/mds.22642.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19514013" target="_blank">19514013</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epilepsy%2C%20progressive%20myoclonic%2C%2011%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5394362%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5394362%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5394362%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (1)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5394362%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (2)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(epilepsy%2C%20progressive%20myoclonic%2C%2011)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=608873" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="/clinvar/?term=10501[geneid]" target="_blank">View SEMA6B variations in ClinVar</a></li><li><a href="https://catalog.coriell.org/Search?q=618876" target="_blank">Coriell Institute for Medical Research</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/epilepsy_progressive_myoclonic_11" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Epilepsy,%20progressive%20myoclonic,%2011" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
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