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<meta name="keywords" content="C4539968, cakuthed, congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract syndrome with or without hearing loss, abnormal ears, or developmental delay, disease or syndrome, pbx1, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="CAKUTHED is an autosomal dominant highly pleiotropic developmental disorder characterized mainly by variable congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, sometimes resulting in renal dysfunction or failure, dysmorphic facial features, and abnormalities of the outer ear, often with hearing loss. Most patients have global developmental delay (summary by Heidet et al., 2017 and Slavotinek et al., 2017)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract syndrome with or without hearing loss, abnormal ears, or developmental delay (Concept Id: C4539968)
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<!--
UID=1612119
ConceptID=C4539968
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract syndrome with or without hearing loss, abnormal ears, or developmental delay<span class="h1sub">(CAKUTHED)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1612119</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4539968</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>CAKUTHED; CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT SYNDROME WITH OR WITHOUT HEARING LOSS, ABNORMAL EARS, OR DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="PBX1 - ID: 5087 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/5087" class="medgenPMinfo">PBX1</a> (1q23.3)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0060549" target="_blank">MONDO:0060549</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/617641" target="_blank">617641</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">CAKUTHED is an autosomal dominant highly pleiotropic developmental disorder characterized mainly by variable congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, sometimes resulting in renal dysfunction or failure, dysmorphic facial features, and abnormalities of the outer ear, often with hearing loss. Most patients have global developmental delay (summary by Heidet et al., 2017 and Slavotinek et al., 2017). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8192"><div><strong>Cryptorchidism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8192</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010417</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8192">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cryptorchidism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208192%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21852"><div><strong>Vesicoureteral reflux</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21852</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0042580</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by the reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes into the kidneys. It is a risk factor for urinary tract infections. Primary VUR results from a developmental defect of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ). In combination with intrarenal reflux, the resulting inflammatory reaction may result in renal injury or scarring, also called reflux nephropathy (RN). Extensive renal scarring impairs renal function and may predispose patients to hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency (summary by Lu et al., 2007).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Vesicoureteral Reflux&#13; A locus designated VUR1 maps to chromosome 1p13. VUR2 (610878) is caused by mutation in the ROBO2 gene (602431) on chromosome 3p12; VUR3 (613674) is caused by mutation in the SOX17 gene (610928) on chromosome 8q11; VUR4 (614317) maps to chromosome 5; VUR5 (614318) maps to chromosome 13; VUR6 (614319) maps to chromosome 18; VUR7 (615390) maps to chromosome 12; and VUR8 (615963) is caused by mutation in the TNXB gene (600985) on chromosome 6p21. A possible X-linked form has been reported (VURX; 314550).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21852">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Vesicoureteral%20reflux%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021852%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65140"><div><strong>Horseshoe kidney</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65140</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221353</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A connection of the right and left kidney by an isthmus of functioning renal parenchyma or fibrous tissue that crosses the midline.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65140">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Horseshoe%20kidney%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065140%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68661"><div><strong>Ectopic kidney</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68661</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0238207</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A developmental defect in which a kidney is located in an abnormal anatomic position.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68661">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ectopic%20kidney%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068661%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_75607"><div><strong>Unilateral renal agenesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>75607</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266294</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A unilateral form of agenesis of the kidney.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/75607">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Unilateral%20renal%20agenesis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2075607%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_120571"><div><strong>Renal hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120571</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266295</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypoplasia of the kidney.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120571">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Renal%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20120571%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78596"><div><strong>Ambiguous genitalia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78596</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266362</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A genital phenotype that is not clearly assignable to a single gender. Ambiguous genitalia can be evaluated using the Prader scale</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78596">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Ambiguous%20genitalia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078596%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_154237"><div><strong>Renal agenesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>154237</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0542519</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Agenesis, that is, failure of the kidney to develop during embryogenesis and development.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/154237">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Renal%20agenesis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20154237%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_332529"><div><strong>Renal insufficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>332529</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1565489</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction in the level of performance of the kidneys in areas of function comprising the concentration of urine, removal of wastes, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, homeostasis of blood pressure, and calcium metabolism.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/332529">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Renal%20insufficiency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20332529%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_342352"><div><strong>Absence of renal corticomedullary differentiation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849765</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A lack of differentiation between renal cortex and medulla on diagnostic imaging.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342352">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Absence%20of%20renal%20corticomedullary%20differentiation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20342352%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_436031"><div><strong>Decreased numbers of nephrons</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436031</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2673888</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A reduction in the count of nephrons per kidney.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436031">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Decreased%20numbers%20of%20nephrons%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20436031%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_477530"><div><strong>Hyperechogenic kidneys</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477530</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3275899</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in amplitude of waves returned in ultrasonography of the kidney, which is generally displayed as increased brightness of the signal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477530">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hyperechogenic%20kidneys%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20477530%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_760690"><div><strong>Renal dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>760690</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3536714</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of developmental dysplasia of the kidney.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/760690">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Renal%20dysplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20760690%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_854360"><div><strong>Bifid ureter</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854360</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3887498</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Incomplete duplication of the ureter.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854360">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Bifid%20ureter%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20854360%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1633603"><div><strong>Micropenis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1633603</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551492</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1633603">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micropenis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201633603%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8076"><div><strong>Vascular dilatation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8076</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0002940</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of an atery, vein or the heart.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8076">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Vascular%20dilatation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208076%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6748"><div><strong>Abnormal heart morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6748</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018798</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any structural anomaly of the heart.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6748">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20heart%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206748%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_99124"><div><strong>Growth delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>99124</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0456070</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/99124">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Growth%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2099124%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65429"><div><strong>Feeding difficulties</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0232466</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65429">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Feeding%20difficulties%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065429%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57535"><div><strong>Microtia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57535</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0152423</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the external ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57535">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microtia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057535%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_167800"><div><strong>Abnormal pinna morphology</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>167800</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0857379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the pinna, which is also referred to as the auricle or external ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/167800">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20pinna%20morphology%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20167800%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235586"><div><strong>Hearing impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235586</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1384666</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235586">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hearing%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235586%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_325240"><div><strong>Thickened helices</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>325240</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837732</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased thickness of the helix of the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/325240">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thickened%20helices%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20325240%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_334588"><div><strong>Hypoplastic helices</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334588</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842681</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the helix, i.e., of the outer rim of the pinna.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334588">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplastic%20helices%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20334588%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_384047"><div><strong>Anteverted ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>384047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857055</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/384047">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anteverted%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20384047%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105318"><div><strong>Delayed speech and language development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0454644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105318">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20speech%20and%20language%20development%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_107838"><div><strong>Global developmental delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0557874</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107838">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Global%20developmental%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20107838%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_381392"><div><strong>Motor delay</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381392</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854301</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381392">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Motor%20delay%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20381392%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_68625"><div><strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>68625</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0235833</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of a hernia of the diaphragm present at birth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/68625">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Congenital%20diaphragmatic%20hernia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2068625%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_346841"><div><strong>Generalized hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346841</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858120</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346841">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Generalized%20hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20346841%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_11197"><div><strong>Respiratory insufficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>11197</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0035229</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/11197">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20insufficiency%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2011197%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98409"><div><strong>Abnormal facial shape</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98409</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0424503</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98409">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormal%20facial%20shape%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098409%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_151862"><div><strong>Epicanthus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>151862</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0678230</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Epicanthus is a condition in which a fold of skin stretches from the upper to the lower eyelid, partially covering the inner canthus. Usher (1935) noted that epicanthus is a normal finding in the fetus of all races. Epicanthus also occurs in association with hereditary ptosis (110100).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/151862">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Epicanthus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20151862%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324419"><div><strong>Long face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324419</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836047</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324419">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Long%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324419%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_373334"><div><strong>Narrow face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373334</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837463</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bizygomatic (upper face) and bigonial (lower face) width are both more than 2 standard deviations below the mean (objective); or, an apparent reduction in the width of the upper and lower face (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373334">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Narrow%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20373334%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_374311"><div><strong>Deep philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374311</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839797</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Accentuated, prominent philtral ridges giving rise to an exaggerated groove in the midline between the nasal base and upper vermillion border.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374311">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Deep%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20374311%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326648"><div><strong>Anteverted nares</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326648</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1840077</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326648">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Anteverted%20nares%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326648%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_341441"><div><strong>Wide nasal bridge</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341441</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849367</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341441">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20nasal%20bridge%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20341441%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355352"><div><strong>Thin upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865017</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355352">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355352%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_86974"><div><strong>Oligohydramnios</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>86974</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0079924</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Diminished amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/86974">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Oligohydramnios%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2086974%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_21337"><div><strong>Strabismus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>21337</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038379</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/21337">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Strabismus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2021337%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98409" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal facial shape</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326648" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anteverted nares</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_374311" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deep philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_151862" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Epicanthus</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324419" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long face</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_373334" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Narrow face</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin upper lip vermilion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_341441" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide nasal bridge</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_86974" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oligohydramnios</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6748" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal heart morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8076" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vascular dilatation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the digestive system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Feeding difficulties</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21337" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Strabismus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_342352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Absence of renal corticomedullary differentiation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78596" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ambiguous genitalia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_854360" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bifid ureter</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8192" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cryptorchidism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_436031" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Decreased numbers of nephrons</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68661" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ectopic kidney</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65140" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Horseshoe kidney</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_477530" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hyperechogenic kidneys</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1633603" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micropenis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_154237" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Renal agenesis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_760690" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Renal dysplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_120571" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Renal hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_332529" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Renal insufficiency</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_75607" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Unilateral renal agenesis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_21852" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vesicoureteral reflux</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_68625" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital diaphragmatic hernia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_346841" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Generalized hypotonia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed speech and language development</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_107838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Global developmental delay</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_381392" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Motor delay</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_11197" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory insufficiency</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_167800" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormal pinna morphology</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_384047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Anteverted ears</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235586" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hearing impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_334588" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplastic helices</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57535" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microtia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_325240" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thickened helices</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Growth abnormality</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_99124" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Growth delay</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35138954">Clinical Practice Guideline: Tympanostomy Tubes in Children (Update).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosenfeld RM,
Tunkel DE,
Schwartz SR,
Anne S,
Bishop CE,
Chelius DC,
Hackell J,
Hunter LL,
Keppel KL,
Kim AH,
Kim TW,
Levine JM,
Maksimoski MT,
Moore DJ,
Preciado DA,
Raol NP,
Vaughan WK,
Walker EA,
Monjur TM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg</span>
2022 Feb;166(1_suppl):S1-S55.
doi: 10.1177/01945998211065662.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35138954" target="_blank">35138954</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33549739">The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Faraone SV,
Banaschewski T,
Coghill D,
Zheng Y,
Biederman J,
Bellgrove MA,
Newcorn JH,
Gignac M,
Al Saud NM,
Manor I,
Rohde LA,
Yang L,
Cortese S,
Almagor D,
Stein MA,
Albatti TH,
Aljoudi HF,
Alqahtani MMJ,
Asherson P,
Atwoli L,
Bölte S,
Buitelaar JK,
Crunelle CL,
Daley D,
Dalsgaard S,
Döpfner M,
Espinet S,
Fitzgerald M,
Franke B,
Gerlach M,
Haavik J,
Hartman CA,
Hartung CM,
Hinshaw SP,
Hoekstra PJ,
Hollis C,
Kollins SH,
Sandra Kooij JJ,
Kuntsi J,
Larsson H,
Li T,
Liu J,
Merzon E,
Mattingly G,
Mattos P,
McCarthy S,
Mikami AY,
Molina BSG,
Nigg JT,
Purper-Ouakil D,
Omigbodun OO,
Polanczyk GV,
Pollak Y,
Poulton AS,
Rajkumar RP,
Reding A,
Reif A,
Rubia K,
Rucklidge J,
Romanos M,
Ramos-Quiroga JA,
Schellekens A,
Scheres A,
Schoeman R,
Schweitzer JB,
Shah H,
Solanto MV,
Sonuga-Barke E,
Soutullo C,
Steinhausen HC,
Swanson JM,
Thapar A,
Tripp G,
van de Glind G,
van den Brink W,
Van der Oord S,
Venter A,
Vitiello B,
Walitza S,
Wang Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosci Biobehav Rev</span>
2021 Sep;128:789-818.
Epub 2021 Feb 4
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33549739" target="_blank">33549739</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8328933" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20466091">Consensus statement: chromosomal microarray is a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with developmental disabilities or congenital anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miller DT,
Adam MP,
Aradhya S,
Biesecker LG,
Brothman AR,
Carter NP,
Church DM,
Crolla JA,
Eichler EE,
Epstein CJ,
Faucett WA,
Feuk L,
Friedman JM,
Hamosh A,
Jackson L,
Kaminsky EB,
Kok K,
Krantz ID,
Kuhn RM,
Lee C,
Ostell JM,
Rosenberg C,
Scherer SW,
Spinner NB,
Stavropoulos DJ,
Tepperberg JH,
Thorland EC,
Vermeesch JR,
Waggoner DJ,
Watson MS,
Martin CL,
Ledbetter DH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2010 May 14;86(5):749-64.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20466091" target="_blank">20466091</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2869000" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(congenital%20anomalies%20of%20kidney%20and%20urinary%20tract%20syndrome%20with%20or%20without%20hearing%20loss%2C%20abnormal%20ears%2C%20or%20developmental%20delay)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1216)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28840850">Classification and Current Management of Inner Ear Malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sennaroğlu L,
Bajin MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Balkan Med J</span>
2017 Sep 29;34(5):397-411.
Epub 2017 Aug 25
doi: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.0367.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28840850" target="_blank">28840850</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5635626" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27604644">Otitis media.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schilder AG,
Chonmaitree T,
Cripps AW,
Rosenfeld RM,
Casselbrant ML,
Haggard MP,
Venekamp RP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
2016 Sep 8;2(1):16063.
doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.63.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27604644" target="_blank">27604644</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7097351" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23185506">Molecular epidemiology and functional assessment of novel allelic variants of SLC26A4 in non-syndromic hearing loss patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct in China.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yuan Y,
Guo W,
Tang J,
Zhang G,
Wang G,
Han M,
Zhang X,
Yang S,
He DZ,
Dai P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">PLoS One</span>
2012;7(11):e49984.
Epub 2012 Nov 21
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049984.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23185506" target="_blank">23185506</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3503781" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21756605">Cochlear implantation and congenital inner ear anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Broomfield SJ,
Bruce IA,
Henderson L,
Ramsden RT,
Green KM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochlear Implants Int</span>
2010 Jun;11 Suppl 1:166-8.
doi: 10.1179/146701010X12671177818542.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21756605" target="_blank">21756605</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15165194">The preauricular sinus: a review of its clinical presentation, treatment, and associations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scheinfeld NS,
Silverberg NB,
Weinberg JM,
Nozad V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dermatol</span>
2004 May-Jun;21(3):191-6.
doi: 10.1111/j.0736-8046.2004.21301.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15165194" target="_blank">15165194</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20anomalies%20of%20kidney%20and%20urinary%20tract%20syndrome%20with%20or%20without%20hearing%20loss%2C%20abnormal%20ears%2C%20or%20developmental%20delay%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (15690)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30920067">Auricular reconstruction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cubitt JJ,
Chang LY,
Liang D,
Vandervord J,
Marucci DD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Paediatr Child Health</span>
2019 May;55(5):512-517.
Epub 2019 Mar 28
doi: 10.1111/jpc.14444.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30920067" target="_blank">30920067</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25686889">Genetic hearing impairment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ječmenica J,
Bajec-Opančina A,
Ječmenica D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
2015 Apr;31(4):515-9.
Epub 2015 Feb 17
doi: 10.1007/s00381-015-2628-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25686889" target="_blank">25686889</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25171997">Branchial arch syndromes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alfi D,
Lam D,
Gateno J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am</span>
2014 Sep;22(2):167-73.
Epub 2014 Jul 15
doi: 10.1016/j.cxom.2014.04.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25171997" target="_blank">25171997</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24135344">Audiometry.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaga K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2014;75:20-3.
Epub 2013 Oct 11
doi: 10.1159/000350596.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24135344" target="_blank">24135344</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21180950">Johanson-Blizzard syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ramos S,
Ramos HF,
Ramos RF,
Peixoto CA,
Ramos BF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Braz J Otorhinolaryngol</span>
2010 Nov-Dec;76(6):794.
doi: 10.1590/s1808-86942010000600020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21180950" target="_blank">21180950</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9444546" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20anomalies%20of%20kidney%20and%20urinary%20tract%20syndrome%20with%20or%20without%20hearing%20loss%2C%20abnormal%20ears%2C%20or%20developmental%20delay%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (14935)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28087419">Cochlear synaptopathy in acquired sensorineural hearing loss: Manifestations and mechanisms.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liberman MC,
Kujawa SG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hear Res</span>
2017 Jun;349:138-147.
Epub 2017 Jan 10
doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.01.003.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28087419" target="_blank">28087419</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5438769" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27604644">Otitis media.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Schilder AG,
Chonmaitree T,
Cripps AW,
Rosenfeld RM,
Casselbrant ML,
Haggard MP,
Venekamp RP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
2016 Sep 8;2(1):16063.
doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.63.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27604644" target="_blank">27604644</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7097351" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27170253">Meniere's disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nakashima T,
Pyykkö I,
Arroll MA,
Casselbrant ML,
Foster CA,
Manzoor NF,
Megerian CA,
Naganawa S,
Young YH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
2016 May 12;2:16028.
doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.28.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27170253" target="_blank">27170253</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17708142">Turner syndrome: diagnosis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Morgan T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2007 Aug 1;76(3):405-10.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17708142" target="_blank">17708142</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/359217">Microtia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tanzer RC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Plast Surg</span>
1978 Jul;5(3):317-36.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/359217" target="_blank">359217</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20anomalies%20of%20kidney%20and%20urinary%20tract%20syndrome%20with%20or%20without%20hearing%20loss%2C%20abnormal%20ears%2C%20or%20developmental%20delay%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5657)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31152317">The etiological evaluation of sensorineural hearing loss in children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van Beeck Calkoen EA,
Engel MSD,
van de Kamp JM,
Yntema HG,
Goverts ST,
Mulder MF,
Merkus P,
Hensen EF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr</span>
2019 Aug;178(8):1195-1205.
Epub 2019 May 31
doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03379-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31152317" target="_blank">31152317</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6647487" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24979125">Aberrant Course of the Internal Auditory Canal in Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tsai MC,
Chang WH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Otol Neurotol</span>
2015 Sep;36(8):e136-7.
doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000478.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24979125" target="_blank">24979125</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21756615">Congenital profound hearing loss: management of hypoplastic and aplastic vestibulocochlear nerves.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Seymour FK,
Cruise A,
Lavy JA,
Bradley J,
Beale T,
Graham JM,
Saeed SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochlear Implants Int</span>
2010 Jun;11 Suppl 1:213-6.
doi: 10.1179/146701010X12671177818984.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21756615" target="_blank">21756615</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21756605">Cochlear implantation and congenital inner ear anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Broomfield SJ,
Bruce IA,
Henderson L,
Ramsden RT,
Green KM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochlear Implants Int</span>
2010 Jun;11 Suppl 1:166-8.
doi: 10.1179/146701010X12671177818542.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21756605" target="_blank">21756605</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/359217">Microtia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tanzer RC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Plast Surg</span>
1978 Jul;5(3):317-36.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/359217" target="_blank">359217</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20anomalies%20of%20kidney%20and%20urinary%20tract%20syndrome%20with%20or%20without%20hearing%20loss%2C%20abnormal%20ears%2C%20or%20developmental%20delay%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7381)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38243601">Clarin-2 gene supplementation durably preserves hearing in a model of progressive hearing loss.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mendia C,
Peineau T,
Zamani M,
Felgerolle C,
Yahiaoui N,
Christophersen N,
Papal S,
Maudoux A,
Maroofian R,
Patni P,
Nouaille S,
Bowl MR,
Delmaghani S,
Galehdari H,
Vona B,
Dulon D,
Vitry S,
El-Amraoui A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Ther</span>
2024 Mar 6;32(3):800-817.
Epub 2024 Jan 18
doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38243601" target="_blank">38243601</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10928142" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38254937">KMT2D Deficiency Causes Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Mice and Humans.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kalinousky AJ,
Luperchio TR,
Schrode KM,
Harris JR,
Zhang L,
DeLeon VB,
Fahrner JA,
Lauer AM,
Bjornsson HT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Genes (Basel)</span>
2023 Dec 28;15(1)
doi: 10.3390/genes15010048.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38254937" target="_blank">38254937</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10815913" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34282088">Dysfunction of the Auditory System in Children With Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang K,
Fried J,
Nguyen SA,
Meyer TA,
White DR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ear Hear</span>
2022 Jan/Feb;43(1):23-31.
doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001082.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34282088" target="_blank">34282088</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28840850">Classification and Current Management of Inner Ear Malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sennaroğlu L,
Bajin MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Balkan Med J</span>
2017 Sep 29;34(5):397-411.
Epub 2017 Aug 25
doi: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.0367.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28840850" target="_blank">28840850</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5635626" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25481835">Usher syndrome: Hearing loss, retinal degeneration and associated abnormalities.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mathur P,
Yang J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochim Biophys Acta</span>
2015 Mar;1852(3):406-20.
Epub 2014 Dec 4
doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25481835" target="_blank">25481835</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4312720" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20anomalies%20of%20kidney%20and%20urinary%20tract%20syndrome%20with%20or%20without%20hearing%20loss%2C%20abnormal%20ears%2C%20or%20developmental%20delay%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (10668)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31319515">Preconception and Prenatal Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li M,
Francis E,
Hinkle SN,
Ajjarapu AS,
Zhang C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
2019 Jul 17;11(7)
doi: 10.3390/nu11071628.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31319515" target="_blank">31319515</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6682900" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30808424">Congenital myasthenic syndromes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Finsterer J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2019 Feb 26;14(1):57.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-019-1025-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30808424" target="_blank">30808424</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6390566" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29475430">Systematic review of pediatric health outcomes associated with childhood adversity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oh DL,
Jerman P,
Silvério Marques S,
Koita K,
Purewal Boparai SK,
Burke Harris N,
Bucci M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Pediatr</span>
2018 Feb 23;18(1):83.
doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1037-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29475430" target="_blank">29475430</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5824569" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26709689">Toe walking: causes, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ruzbarsky JJ,
Scher D,
Dodwell E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Pediatr</span>
2016 Feb;28(1):40-6.
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000302.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26709689" target="_blank">26709689</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25157020">Comprehensive evaluation of the child with intellectual disability or global developmental delays.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Moeschler JB,
Shevell M;
Committee on Genetics</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatrics</span>
2014 Sep;134(3):e903-18.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1839.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25157020" target="_blank">25157020</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9923626" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20anomalies%20of%20kidney%20and%20urinary%20tract%20syndrome%20with%20or%20without%20hearing%20loss%2C%20abnormal%20ears%2C%20or%20developmental%20delay%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (514)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539968%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (11)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539968%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F29" target="_blank">Detection of homozygosity (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539968%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F17" target="_blank">Mutation scanning of the entire coding region (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539968%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (10)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539968%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (6)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4539968%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (13)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(congenital%20anomalies%20of%20kidney%20and%20urinary%20tract%20syndrome%20with%20or%20without%20hearing%20loss%2C%20abnormal%20ears%2C%20or%20developmental%20delay)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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