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<meta name="keywords" content="C4024586, abnormal axial skeleton morphology, abnormality of the axial skeleton, anatomical abnormality, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An abnormality of the axial skeleton, which comprises the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and the sternum." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=892434
|
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ConceptID=C4024586
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Abnormal axial skeleton morphology</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>892434</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4024586</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Abnormality of the axial skeleton</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009121">HP:0009121</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln">An abnormality of the axial skeleton, which comprises the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and the sternum. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Abnormal axial skeleton morphology</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1763488" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867418" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the skeletal system">Abnormality of the skeletal system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868760" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skeletal morphology">Abnormal skeletal morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Abnormal axial skeleton morphology</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488801" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skull morphology">Abnormal skull morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871212" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal calvaria morphology">Abnormal calvaria morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867494" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal frontal bone morphology">Abnormal frontal bone morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868565" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal occipital bone morphology">Abnormal occipital bone morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867457" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal parietal bone morphology">Abnormal parietal bone morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/147316" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acrania">Acrania</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116072" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bathrocephaly">Bathrocephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/340231" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Biparietal narrowing">Biparietal narrowing</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/113165" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Brachycephaly">Brachycephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98413" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad skull">Broad skull</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871299" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Calvarial skull defect">Calvarial skull defect</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348010" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cloverleaf skull">Cloverleaf skull</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/370006" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Copper beaten skull">Copper beaten skull</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348059" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cranial asymmetry">Cranial asymmetry</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/65142" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dolichocephaly">Dolichocephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348203" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Obliteration of the calvarial diploe">Obliteration of the calvarial diploe</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78562" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Plagiocephaly">Plagiocephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/45959" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Platybasia">Platybasia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1710997" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Platystencephaly">Platystencephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/140861" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Skull asymmetry">Skull asymmetry</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/346823" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thickened calvaria">Thickened calvaria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/341097" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thin calvarium">Thin calvarium</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/82713" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Trigonocephaly">Trigonocephaly</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1726910" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Turricephaly">Turricephaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871380" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cranial suture/fontanelle morphology">Abnormal cranial suture/fontanelle morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866498" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal fontanelle morphology">Abnormal fontanelle morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868996" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of cranial sutures">Abnormality of cranial sutures</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/746145" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal facial skeleton morphology">Abnormal facial skeleton morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867490" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal ethmoid bone morphology">Abnormal ethmoid bone morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/905760" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal jaw morphology">Abnormal jaw morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1814413" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal lacrimal bone morphology">Abnormal lacrimal bone morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867492" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal palatine bone morphology">Abnormal palatine bone morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871377" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal paranasal sinus morphology">Abnormal paranasal sinus morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866568" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal vomer morphology">Abnormal vomer morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869323" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal zygomatic bone morphology">Abnormal zygomatic bone morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1814402" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of facial bones">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of facial bones</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870860" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Craniofacial asymmetry">Craniofacial asymmetry</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/358122" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Craniofacial hyperostosis">Craniofacial hyperostosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892778" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Craniofacial osteosclerosis">Craniofacial osteosclerosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867491" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Frontomalar faciosynostosis">Frontomalar faciosynostosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1705905" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sphenoid wing dysplasia">Sphenoid wing dysplasia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871208" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal foramen magnum morphology">Abnormal foramen magnum morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/336194" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Large foramen magnum">Large foramen magnum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348813" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Small foramen magnum">Small foramen magnum</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871376" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal mastoid morphology">Abnormal mastoid morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866723" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent mastoid">Absent mastoid</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867451" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Advanced pneumatization of the mastoid process">Advanced pneumatization of the mastoid process</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867257" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Delayed pneumatization of the mastoid process">Delayed pneumatization of the mastoid process</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/7480" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mastoiditis">Mastoiditis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892621" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal morphology of bony orbit of skull">Abnormal morphology of bony orbit of skull</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/10460" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured orbit of skull">Fractured orbit of skull</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870738" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Orbital craniosynostosis">Orbital craniosynostosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/351328" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Shallow orbits">Shallow orbits</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867389" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sella turcica morphology">Abnormal sella turcica morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Deformed sella turcica">Deformed sella turcica</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1382969" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Duplication of the sella turcica">Duplication of the sella turcica</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/41766" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Empty sella syndrome">Empty sella syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/334811" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Large sella turcica">Large sella turcica</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869368" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Small sella turcica">Small sella turcica</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871209" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skull base morphology">Abnormal skull base morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/482398" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal posterior cranial fossa morphology">Abnormal posterior cranial fossa morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/383822" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cleft in skull base">Cleft in skull base</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841760" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased skull base length">Decreased skull base length</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871329" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Elevated imprint of the transverse sinuses">Elevated imprint of the transverse sinuses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/393170" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Jugular foramen stenosis">Jugular foramen stenosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/326511" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thick skull base">Thick skull base</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869735" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal temporal bone morphology">Abnormal temporal bone morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1632233" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Agenesis of the carotid canal">Agenesis of the carotid canal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1863911" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Elongated temporal styloid process">Elongated temporal styloid process</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1671051" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypoplastic carotid canal">Hypoplastic carotid canal</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/395399" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Temporal bossing">Temporal bossing</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871207" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of skull ossification">Abnormality of skull ossification</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871378" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of skull size">Abnormality of skull size</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/473122" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased head circumference">Decreased head circumference</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/909477" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Increased head circumference">Increased head circumference</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4934" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cephalocele">Cephalocele</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/332248" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Atretic occipital cephalocele">Atretic occipital cephalocele</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1830107" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Isolated encephalocele">Isolated encephalocele</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/82743" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Meningoencephalocele">Meningoencephalocele</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1162" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Craniofacial dysostosis">Craniofacial dysostosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870229" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital craniofacial dysostosis">Congenital craniofacial dysostosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/5414" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hallermann-Streiff syndrome">Hallermann-Streiff syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/9373" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypertelorism">Hypertelorism</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/505796" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mandibulofacial dysostosis">Mandibulofacial dysostosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/66078" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Treacher Collins syndrome">Treacher Collins syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/19997" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured skull">Fractured skull</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/856656" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fracture of Skull Related to Birth">Fracture of Skull Related to Birth</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867424" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal thorax morphology">Abnormal thorax morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867420" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal clavicle morphology">Abnormal clavicle morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98091" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Broad clavicles">Broad clavicles</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1814348" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Clavicular pseudarthrosis">Clavicular pseudarthrosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1864257" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Delayed ossification of the clavicle">Delayed ossification of the clavicle</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98426" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lateral clavicle hook">Lateral clavicle hook</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96530" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Long clavicles">Long clavicles</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/357121" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Medial widening of clavicles">Medial widening of clavicles</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870568" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Straight clavicles">Straight clavicles</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1054731" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thickened cortex of the clavicle">Thickened cortex of the clavicle</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/659167" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thin clavicles">Thin clavicles</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866897" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Undulate clavicles">Undulate clavicles</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871275" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal rib cage morphology">Abnormal rib cage morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348379" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal facility in opposing the shoulders">Abnormal facility in opposing the shoulders</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/330763" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal rib morphology">Abnormal rib morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/387970" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Asymmetry of the thorax">Asymmetry of the thorax</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/351320" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bell-shaped thorax">Bell-shaped thorax</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/374021" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Deformed rib cage">Deformed rib cage</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866616" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enlarged thorax">Enlarged thorax</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870567" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Restricted chest movement">Restricted chest movement</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/538364" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thoracic cage flatness">Thoracic cage flatness</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/853272" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thoracic dysplasia">Thoracic dysplasia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871337" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal scapula morphology">Abnormal scapula morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/56291" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital elevation of scapula">Congenital elevation of scapula</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/812841" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Horizontal inferior border of scapula">Horizontal inferior border of scapula</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/860402" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Omovertebral bone">Omovertebral bone</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322404" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thickening of the lateral border of the scapula">Thickening of the lateral border of the scapula</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/349830" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sternum morphology">Abnormal sternum morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867560" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the xiphoid process">Abnormality of the xiphoid process</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/536816" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured sternum">Fractured sternum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/57643" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pectus carinatum">Pectus carinatum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/781174" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pectus excavatum">Pectus excavatum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337578" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Prominent sternum">Prominent sternum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/419096" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sternal cleft">Sternal cleft</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/336206" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sternal pit">Sternal pit</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1615232" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Supraumbilical raphe">Supraumbilical raphe</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/140876" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Short thorax">Short thorax</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/373339" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thoracic hypoplasia">Thoracic hypoplasia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870563" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital microthorax">Congenital microthorax</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96528" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Narrow chest">Narrow chest</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335217" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Unilateral chest hypoplasia">Unilateral chest hypoplasia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892426" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the vertebral column">Abnormality of the vertebral column</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869321" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal curvature of the vertebral column">Abnormal curvature of the vertebral column</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867584" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormally straight spine">Abnormally straight spine</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/9805" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hyperlordosis">Hyperlordosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/120496" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Idiopathic camptocormia">Idiopathic camptocormia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/44042" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Kyphosis">Kyphosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1841600" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lumbar hypolordosis">Lumbar hypolordosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/11348" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Scoliosis">Scoliosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/331906" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thoracic lordosis">Thoracic lordosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870792" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal intervertebral disk morphology">Abnormal intervertebral disk morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3866" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Diskitis">Diskitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/318661" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Herniation of intervertebral nuclei">Herniation of intervertebral nuclei</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868122" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Increased intervertebral space">Increased intervertebral space</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/102357" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Intervertebral disk degeneration">Intervertebral disk degeneration</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78101" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Intervertebral space narrowing">Intervertebral space narrowing</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867602" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal lumbar spine morphology">Abnormal lumbar spine morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/75499" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured lumbar vertebra">Fractured lumbar vertebra</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/336792" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lumbar kyphosis">Lumbar kyphosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/508468" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lumbar spondylosis">Lumbar spondylosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/436462" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lumbosacral meningocele">Lumbosacral meningocele</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/383679" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thoracolumbar kyphosis">Thoracolumbar kyphosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/351218" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal odontoid process morphology">Abnormal odontoid process morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/375441" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Anteriorly placed odontoid process">Anteriorly placed odontoid process</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1390011" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Duplicated odontoid process">Duplicated odontoid process</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488994" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Os odontoideum">Os odontoideum</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870793" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sacrum morphology">Abnormal sacrum morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1369111" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal ossification of the sacrum">Abnormal ossification of the sacrum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488808" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal sacroiliac joint morphology">Abnormal sacroiliac joint morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/608984" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dysplastic sacrum">Dysplastic sacrum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/342531" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Horizontal sacrum">Horizontal sacrum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/101069" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sacral meningocele">Sacral meningocele</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/340514" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sacral segmentation defect">Sacral segmentation defect</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869283" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sacrococcygeal pilonidal abnormality">Sacrococcygeal pilonidal abnormality</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867603" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal thoracic spine morphology">Abnormal thoracic spine morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/578242" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured thoracic vertebra">Fractured thoracic vertebra</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/263148" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thoracic kyphosis">Thoracic kyphosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/387910" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Thoracic scoliosis">Thoracic scoliosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/371742" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal vertebral morphology">Abnormal vertebral morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1716336" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cervical spine morphology">Abnormal cervical spine morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/374194" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies">Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868132" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal number of vertebrae">Abnormal number of vertebrae</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866619" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormally ossified vertebrae">Abnormally ossified vertebrae</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870850" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dysplasia of second lumbar vertebra">Dysplasia of second lumbar vertebra</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/907826" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Modic type vertebral endplate changes">Modic type vertebral endplate changes</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870665" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Multiple small vertebral fractures">Multiple small vertebral fractures</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870240" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Punctate vertebral calcifications">Punctate vertebral calcifications</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98380" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Schmorl node">Schmorl node</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/374866" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sclerotic vertebral body">Sclerotic vertebral body</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/75497" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Vertebral compression fracture">Vertebral compression fracture</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96577" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Vertebral segmentation defect">Vertebral segmentation defect</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/338935" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cervical spine">Abnormality of the cervical spine</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870237" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for C1-C2 vertebral abnormality">C1-C2 vertebral abnormality</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/108277" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cervical spine hypermobility">Cervical spine hypermobility</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96083" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cervical spine instability">Cervical spine instability</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/339749" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cervical vertebral bodies with decreased anteroposterior diameter">Cervical vertebral bodies with decreased anteroposterior diameter</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/395323" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased cervical spine mobility">Decreased cervical spine mobility</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870664" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enlarged sagittal diameter of the cervical canal">Enlarged sagittal diameter of the cervical canal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871145" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Atlantoaxial abnormality">Atlantoaxial abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/82672" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Atlantoaxial dislocation">Atlantoaxial dislocation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98381" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Atlantoaxial instability">Atlantoaxial instability</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1814635" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neuropathic spinal arthropathy">Neuropathic spinal arthropathy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1864059" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Paravertebral mass">Paravertebral mass</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870238" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Reversed usual vertebral column curves">Reversed usual vertebral column curves</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/396107" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spinal canal stenosis">Spinal canal stenosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335056" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cervical spinal canal stenosis">Cervical spinal canal stenosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488791" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lumbar spinal canal stenosis">Lumbar spinal canal stenosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867265" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spinal stenosis with reduced interpedicular distance">Spinal stenosis with reduced interpedicular distance</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867475" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spinal dysplasia">Spinal dysplasia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96082" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spinal instability">Spinal instability</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/350138" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cervical instability">Cervical instability</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/346721" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spinal rigidity">Spinal rigidity</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/11560" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spondylitis">Spondylitis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/215416" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Inflammatory spondylopathy">Inflammatory spondylopathy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/11948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tuberculosis, spinal">Tuberculosis, spinal</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52470" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spondylolisthesis">Spondylolisthesis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/477430" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spondylolisthesis at L5-S1">Spondylolisthesis at L5-S1</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/21294" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spondylolysis">Spondylolysis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/163399" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital spondylolysis">Congenital spondylolysis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870153" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/hypoplasia affecting bones of the axial skeleton">Aplasia/hypoplasia affecting bones of the axial skeleton</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870158" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving bones of the skull">Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving bones of the skull</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870154" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the sinuses">Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the sinuses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1864241" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the calvaria">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the calvaria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870156" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the mandible">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the mandible</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870157" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the maxilla">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the maxilla</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870544" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving bones of the thorax">Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving bones of the thorax</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870545" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the clavicles">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the clavicles</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335674" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the ribs">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the ribs</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870543" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the scapulae">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the scapulae</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870542" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the sternum">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the sternum</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870222" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the vertebral column">Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the vertebral column</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870223" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the sacrum">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the sacrum</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870225" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the vertebrae">Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the vertebrae</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/339524" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypoplasia of the odontoid process">Hypoplasia of the odontoid process</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870236" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypoplastic spinal processes">Hypoplastic spinal processes</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/478744" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Relatively short spine">Relatively short spine</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337580" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disproportionate short-trunk short stature">Disproportionate short-trunk short stature</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/460184" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Childhood-onset short-trunk short stature">Childhood-onset short-trunk short stature</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337497" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Infancy onset short-trunk short stature">Infancy onset short-trunk short stature</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866799" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Lethal short-trunk short stature">Lethal short-trunk short stature</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/461258" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neonatal short-trunk short stature">Neonatal short-trunk short stature</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870141" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Supernumerary bones of the axial skeleton">Supernumerary bones of the axial skeleton</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/83380" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Supernumerary ribs">Supernumerary ribs</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/102359" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cervical rib">Cervical rib</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/672573" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Full supernumerary rib">Full supernumerary rib</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/672574" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Short supernumerary rib">Short supernumerary rib</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36028216">Craniocervical instability in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: controversies in diagnosis and management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mao G,
|
||
Kopparapu S,
|
||
Jin Y,
|
||
Davidar AD,
|
||
Hersh AM,
|
||
Weber-Levine C,
|
||
Theodore N</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Spine J</span>
|
||
2022 Dec;22(12):1944-1952.
|
||
Epub 2022 Aug 24
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.08.008.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36028216" target="_blank">36028216</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34099609">Ulnar-Sided Wrist Pain in the Athlete: Sport-Specific Demands, Clinical Presentation, and Management Options.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rios-Russo JL,
|
||
Lozada-Bado LS,
|
||
de Mel S,
|
||
Frontera W,
|
||
Micheo W</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Sports Med Rep</span>
|
||
2021 Jun 1;20(6):312-318.
|
||
doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000853.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34099609" target="_blank">34099609</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4202486">The differential diagnosis of traumatic lesions of the occipito-atlanto-axial segment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shapiro R,
|
||
Youngberg AS,
|
||
Rothman SL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiol Clin North Am</span>
|
||
1973 Dec;11(3):505-26.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4202486" target="_blank">4202486</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(abnormal%20axial%20skeleton%20morphology)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (39)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20173525">Craniovertebral junction abnormalities in Down syndrome.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hankinson TC,
|
||
Anderson RC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosurgery</span>
|
||
2010 Mar;66(3 Suppl):32-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000365803.22786.F0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20173525" target="_blank">20173525</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19587461">Basilar invagination, Chiari malformation, syringomyelia: a review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Goel A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol India</span>
|
||
2009 May-Jun;57(3):235-46.
|
||
doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.53260.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19587461" target="_blank">19587461</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19449423">Familial odontoid hypoplasia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stevens CA,
|
||
Pearce RG,
|
||
Burton EM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2009 Jun;149A(6):1290-2.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32860.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19449423" target="_blank">19449423</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15305843">Treatment of atlantoaxial instability in pediatric patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rahimi SY,
|
||
Stevens EA,
|
||
Yeh DJ,
|
||
Flannery AM,
|
||
Choudhri HF,
|
||
Lee MR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurosurg Focus</span>
|
||
2003 Dec 15;15(6):ECP1.
|
||
doi: 10.3171/foc.2003.15.6.7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15305843" target="_blank">15305843</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7207500">Congenital cervical spinal atrophy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Darwish H,
|
||
Sarnat H,
|
||
Archer C,
|
||
Brownell K,
|
||
Kotagal S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Muscle Nerve</span>
|
||
1981 Mar-Apr;4(2):106-10.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mus.880040205.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7207500" target="_blank">7207500</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20axial%20skeleton%20morphology%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (732)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39415369">Axial Imaging in Spondyloarthritis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mohan V,
|
||
Hwang MC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheum Dis Clin North Am</span>
|
||
2024 Nov;50(4):581-602.
|
||
Epub 2024 Sep 13
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2024.07.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39415369" target="_blank">39415369</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11493334" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32565378">Familial Os Odontoideum.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Prasad A,
|
||
Shah A,
|
||
Sasane S,
|
||
Goel A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">World Neurosurg</span>
|
||
2020 Sep;141:215-218.
|
||
Epub 2020 Jun 18
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.102.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32565378" target="_blank">32565378</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23263023">Cervical spine anomalies in children and adolescents.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kim HJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Pediatr</span>
|
||
2013 Feb;25(1):72-7.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32835bd4cf.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23263023" target="_blank">23263023</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12966402">Discoid medial meniscus.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tachibana Y,
|
||
Yamazaki Y,
|
||
Ninomiya S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthroscopy</span>
|
||
2003 Sep;19(7):E12-8.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s0749-8063(03)00688-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12966402" target="_blank">12966402</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9603237">Neuro-osteology.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kjaer I</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Rev Oral Biol Med</span>
|
||
1998;9(2):224-44.
|
||
doi: 10.1177/10454411980090020501.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9603237" target="_blank">9603237</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20axial%20skeleton%20morphology%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (676)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20axial%20skeleton%20morphology%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (178)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
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Stevens EA,
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Yeh DJ,
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Flannery AM,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7207500">Congenital cervical spinal atrophy.</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37994987">Os odontoideum and craniovertebral junction instability secondary to dystonia: case series and review of the literature.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kameda-Smith M,
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Biswas A,
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D'Arco F,
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Thompson D</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur Spine J</span>
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2024 Mar;33(3):1164-1170.
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Epub 2023 Nov 23
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doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-08044-1.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37994987" target="_blank">37994987</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31233632">Gaucher Disease in Bone: From Pathophysiology to Practice.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hughes D,
|
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Mikosch P,
|
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Belmatoug N,
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Carubbi F,
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||
Cox T,
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||
Goker-Alpan O,
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||
Kindmark A,
|
||
Mistry P,
|
||
Poll L,
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Weinreb N,
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Deegan P</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Miner Res</span>
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2019 Jun;34(6):996-1013.
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Epub 2019 Jun 24
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doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3734.
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19449423">Familial odontoid hypoplasia.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stevens CA,
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Pearce RG,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11152142">Ischiospinal dysostosis with rib gaps and nephroblastomatosis.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spranger J,
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Self S,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11152142" target="_blank">11152142</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3072679">Radiologic review: the cervical spine in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Espada G,
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Babini JC,
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Maldonado-Cocco JA,
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20axial%20skeleton%20morphology%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (501)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33036001">Systematic review of the nonsurgical management of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in childhood.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sae-Huang M,
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Borg A,
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Hill CS</span><br />
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Epub 2020 Oct 9
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doi: 10.3171/2020.6.PEDS20396.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33036001" target="_blank">33036001</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17706297">Grisel's syndrome in otolaryngology: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Karkos PD,
|
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Benton J,
|
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Leong SC,
|
||
Mushi E,
|
||
Sivaji N,
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17706297" target="_blank">17706297</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormal%20axial%20skeleton%20morphology%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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