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<meta name="keywords" content="C4021387, abnormality of the joints of the upper limbs, abnormality of upper limb joint, anatomical abnormality, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="" /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Abnormality of upper limb joint (Concept Id: C4021387)
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<!--
UID=867029
ConceptID=C4021387
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Abnormality of upper limb joint</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>867029</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C4021387</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Abnormality of the joints of the upper limbs</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0009810">HP:0009810</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Abnormality of upper limb joint</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/536898" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of limbs">Abnormality of limbs</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866555" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the upper limb">Abnormality of the upper limb</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Abnormality of upper limb joint</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867028" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the elbow">Abnormality of the elbow</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871021" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal elbow metaphysis morphology">Abnormal elbow metaphysis morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867339" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Distal humeral metaphyseal irregularity">Distal humeral metaphyseal irregularity</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871020" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flared elbow metaphyses">Flared elbow metaphyses</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867338" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Sclerotic foci of metaphyses of the elbow">Sclerotic foci of metaphyses of the elbow</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871024" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the epiphyses of the elbow">Abnormality of the epiphyses of the elbow</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869348" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the distal humeral epiphysis">Abnormality of the distal humeral epiphysis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871023" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Delayed elbow epiphyseal ossification">Delayed elbow epiphyseal ossification</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871022" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Irregular epiphyses of the elbow">Irregular epiphyses of the elbow</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867595" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the humeroradial joint">Abnormality of the humeroradial joint</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488814" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dislocated radial head">Dislocated radial head</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/418931" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeroradial synostosis">Humeroradial synostosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867594" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the humeroulnar joint">Abnormality of the humeroulnar joint</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/451053" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Humeroulnar synostosis">Humeroulnar synostosis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871027" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the joint spaces of the elbow">Abnormality of the joint spaces of the elbow</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871026" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Narrow joint spaces of the elbow">Narrow joint spaces of the elbow</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/490152" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cubitus valgus">Cubitus valgus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/510547" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cubitus varus">Cubitus varus</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1056791" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Elbow lateral collateral ligament tear">Elbow lateral collateral ligament tear</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1056881" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Elbow medial collateral ligament tear">Elbow medial collateral ligament tear</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/343361" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Increased carrying angle">Increased carrying angle</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871025" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Irregular articular surfaces of the elbow joints">Irregular articular surfaces of the elbow joints</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/903402" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Large elbow">Large elbow</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337930" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Limited elbow movement">Limited elbow movement</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/401158" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Limited elbow extension">Limited elbow extension</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/384015" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Limited elbow flexion">Limited elbow flexion</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/348328" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Limited pronation/supination of forearm">Limited pronation/supination of forearm</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96075" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteoarthritis of the elbow">Osteoarthritis of the elbow</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1055722" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Posterior fat pad sign of the elbow">Posterior fat pad sign of the elbow</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871029" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Stippled calcification of the elbow">Stippled calcification of the elbow</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871028" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Synovial chondromatosis of the elbow">Synovial chondromatosis of the elbow</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867379" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the wrist">Abnormality of the wrist</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1055844" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal wrist morphology">Abnormal wrist morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/374491" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal carpal morphology">Abnormal carpal morphology</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870953" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Decreased carpal angles of wrist">Decreased carpal angles of wrist</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/325479" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enlargement of the wrists">Enlargement of the wrists</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/57537" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Madelung deformity">Madelung deformity</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870954" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Narrow joint spaces of wrist">Narrow joint spaces of wrist</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/115906" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ulnar deviation of the wrist">Ulnar deviation of the wrist</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/575469" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Wrist ganglion">Wrist ganglion</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116125" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Wrist swelling">Wrist swelling</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1056601" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal wrist physiology">Abnormal wrist physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/333479" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Limited wrist movement">Limited wrist movement</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1056681" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Wrist instability">Wrist instability</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1722340" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fractured sternoclavicular joint">Fractured sternoclavicular joint</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37321293">Non-operative management of shoulder osteoarthritis: Current concepts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yamamoto N,
Szymski D,
Voss A,
Ishikawa H,
Muraki T,
Cunha RA,
Ejnisman B,
Noack J,
McCarty E,
Mulcahey MK,
Itoi E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J ISAKOS</span>
2023 Oct;8(5):289-295.
Epub 2023 Jun 13
doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2023.06.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37321293" target="_blank">37321293</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35140138">Clinical practice guideline for the management of paediatric Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yiu EM,
Bray P,
Baets J,
Baker SK,
Barisic N,
de Valle K,
Estilow T,
Farrar MA,
Finkel RS,
Haberlová J,
Kennedy RA,
Moroni I,
Nicholson GA,
Ramchandren S,
Reilly MM,
Rose K,
Shy ME,
Siskind CE,
Yum SW,
Menezes MP,
Ryan MM,
Burns J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</span>
2022 May;93(5):530-538.
Epub 2022 Feb 9
doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-328483.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35140138" target="_blank">35140138</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19571065">Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of congenital differences of the hand and upper limb.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bae DS,
Barnewolt CE,
Jennings RW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
2009 Jul;91 Suppl 4:31-9.
doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00072.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19571065" target="_blank">19571065</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(abnormality%20of%20upper%20limb%20joint)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (58)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35609204">Home-based exercise therapy for treating shoulder instability in patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorders. A randomized trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spanhove V,
De Wandele I,
Malfait F,
Calders P,
Cools A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Disabil Rehabil</span>
2023 Jun;45(11):1811-1821.
Epub 2022 May 24
doi: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2076932.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35609204" target="_blank">35609204</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33244045">Comprehensive corrective exercise program improves alignment, muscle activation and movement pattern of men with upper crossed syndrome: randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Seidi F,
Bayattork M,
Minoonejad H,
Andersen LL,
Page P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
2020 Nov 26;10(1):20688.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77571-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33244045" target="_blank">33244045</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7692548" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21094406">Imaging pediatric sports injuries: upper extremity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davis KW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiol Clin North Am</span>
2010 Nov;48(6):1199-211.
doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2010.07.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21094406" target="_blank">21094406</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19769415">Shoulder muscle activity and function in common shoulder rehabilitation exercises.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Escamilla RF,
Yamashiro K,
Paulos L,
Andrews JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sports Med</span>
2009;39(8):663-85.
doi: 10.2165/00007256-200939080-00004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19769415" target="_blank">19769415</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9699830">Macrodactyly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kotwal PP,
Farooque M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Br</span>
1998 Jul;80(4):651-3.
doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.80b4.8489.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9699830" target="_blank">9699830</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20upper%20limb%20joint%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (698)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34706384">Elbow Imaging: Variants and Asymptomatic Findings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Antil N,
Stevens KJ,
Lutz AM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Musculoskelet Radiol</span>
2021 Aug;25(4):546-557.
Epub 2021 Oct 27
doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1729960.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34706384" target="_blank">34706384</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29870420">Missed Pediatric Monteggia Fractures.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hubbard J,
Chauhan A,
Fitzgerald R,
Abrams R,
Mubarak S,
Sangimino M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JBJS Rev</span>
2018 Jun;6(6):e2.
doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.17.00116.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29870420" target="_blank">29870420</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19571061">Introduction: the science and the surgery of congenital upper-limb malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">James MA,
Armstrong PF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
2009 Jul;91 Suppl 4:1-2.
doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00434.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19571061" target="_blank">19571061</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12925640">Upper-extremity congenital anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kozin SH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
2003 Aug;85(8):1564-76.
doi: 10.2106/00004623-200308000-00021.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12925640" target="_blank">12925640</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4901854">Homocystinuria. A report of two cases and review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beals RK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
1969 Dec;51(8):1564-72.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4901854" target="_blank">4901854</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20upper%20limb%20joint%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (768)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37321293">Non-operative management of shoulder osteoarthritis: Current concepts.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yamamoto N,
Szymski D,
Voss A,
Ishikawa H,
Muraki T,
Cunha RA,
Ejnisman B,
Noack J,
McCarty E,
Mulcahey MK,
Itoi E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J ISAKOS</span>
2023 Oct;8(5):289-295.
Epub 2023 Jun 13
doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2023.06.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37321293" target="_blank">37321293</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35609204">Home-based exercise therapy for treating shoulder instability in patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorders. A randomized trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spanhove V,
De Wandele I,
Malfait F,
Calders P,
Cools A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Disabil Rehabil</span>
2023 Jun;45(11):1811-1821.
Epub 2022 May 24
doi: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2076932.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35609204" target="_blank">35609204</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33244045">Comprehensive corrective exercise program improves alignment, muscle activation and movement pattern of men with upper crossed syndrome: randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Seidi F,
Bayattork M,
Minoonejad H,
Andersen LL,
Page P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
2020 Nov 26;10(1):20688.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77571-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33244045" target="_blank">33244045</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7692548" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31279721">Bilateral magnetic resonance imaging findings in individuals with unilateral shoulder pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barreto RPG,
Braman JP,
Ludewig PM,
Ribeiro LP,
Camargo PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Shoulder Elbow Surg</span>
2019 Sep;28(9):1699-1706.
Epub 2019 Jul 3
doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.04.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31279721" target="_blank">31279721</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29954734">A traumatic wrist injury.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Beak P,
Umarji S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ</span>
2018 Jun 28;361:k2574.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2574.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29954734" target="_blank">29954734</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20upper%20limb%20joint%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (217)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29903447">Neurophysiology of gait.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Serrao M,
Ranavolo A,
Casali C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Handb Clin Neurol</span>
2018;154:299-303.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63956-1.00018-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29903447" target="_blank">29903447</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10365710">Treatment of congenital differences of the upper extremity: therapist's commentary.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fuller M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Ther</span>
1999 Apr-Jun;12(2):174-7.
doi: 10.1016/s0894-1130(99)80021-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10365710" target="_blank">10365710</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9699830">Macrodactyly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kotwal PP,
Farooque M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Br</span>
1998 Jul;80(4):651-3.
doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.80b4.8489.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9699830" target="_blank">9699830</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/71760">The painful shoulder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bland JH,
Merrit JA,
Boushey DR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Arthritis Rheum</span>
1977 Aug;7(1):21-47.
doi: 10.1016/s0049-0172(77)80003-6.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/71760" target="_blank">71760</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/818089">Ulnar dysmelia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ogden JA,
Watson HK,
Bohne W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Bone Joint Surg Am</span>
1976 Jun;58(4):467-75.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/818089" target="_blank">818089</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20upper%20limb%20joint%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (364)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33826558">Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rutkowski PT,
Samora JB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Orthop Surg</span>
2021 Jul 1;29(13):563-570.
doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-01133.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33826558" target="_blank">33826558</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33738549">The Beighton Score as a measure of generalised joint hypermobility.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Malek S,
Reinhold EJ,
Pearce GS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rheumatol Int</span>
2021 Oct;41(10):1707-1716.
Epub 2021 Mar 18
doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04832-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33738549" target="_blank">33738549</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8390395" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33244045">Comprehensive corrective exercise program improves alignment, muscle activation and movement pattern of men with upper crossed syndrome: randomized controlled trial.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Seidi F,
Bayattork M,
Minoonejad H,
Andersen LL,
Page P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
2020 Nov 26;10(1):20688.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77571-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33244045" target="_blank">33244045</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7692548" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31279721">Bilateral magnetic resonance imaging findings in individuals with unilateral shoulder pain.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Barreto RPG,
Braman JP,
Ludewig PM,
Ribeiro LP,
Camargo PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Shoulder Elbow Surg</span>
2019 Sep;28(9):1699-1706.
Epub 2019 Jul 3
doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.04.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31279721" target="_blank">31279721</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21094406">Imaging pediatric sports injuries: upper extremity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davis KW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiol Clin North Am</span>
2010 Nov;48(6):1199-211.
doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2010.07.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21094406" target="_blank">21094406</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20upper%20limb%20joint%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (544)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37615388">Shoulder ultrasound imaging in the post-stroke population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin TY,
Shen PC,
Chang KV,
Wu WT,
Özçakar L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Rehabil Med</span>
2023 Aug 21;55:jrm13432.
doi: 10.2340/jrm.v55.13432.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37615388" target="_blank">37615388</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10461179" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36165900">Anatomical variations in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist: meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bonczar M,
Walocha J,
Pasternak A,
Depukat P,
Dziedzic M,
Ostrowski P,
Bonczar T,
Warchoł Ł,
Koziej M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Folia Morphol (Warsz)</span>
2023;82(4):766-776.
Epub 2022 Sep 27
doi: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0081.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36165900" target="_blank">36165900</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34486427">How Is Scaphoid Malunion Defined: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xiao M,
Welch JM,
Cohen SA,
Kamal RN,
Shapiro LM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hand (N Y)</span>
2023 Mar;18(2_suppl):38S-45S.
Epub 2021 Sep 5
doi: 10.1177/15589447211038678.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34486427" target="_blank">34486427</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10052615" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33512972">Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review of Cellular, Molecular, and Metabolic Findings.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jump CM,
Duke K,
Malik RA,
Charalambous CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JBJS Rev</span>
2021 Jan 26;9(1):e19.00153.
doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.19.00153.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33512972" target="_blank">33512972</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25096501">The prevalence of the extensor indicis tendon and its variants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yammine K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surg Radiol Anat</span>
2015 Apr;37(3):247-54.
Epub 2014 Aug 6
doi: 10.1007/s00276-014-1352-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25096501" target="_blank">25096501</a></div>
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