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<meta name="keywords" content="C3806583, finding, functional abnormality of the bladder, poor bladder function, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Dysfunction of the urinary bladder." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=812913
ConceptID=C3806583
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Functional abnormality of the bladder</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>812913</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C3806583</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Poor bladder function</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000009">HP:0000009</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Dysfunction of the urinary bladder. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Functional abnormality of the bladder</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869218" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the lower urinary tract">Abnormality of the lower urinary tract</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/488778" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the bladder">Abnormality of the bladder</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Functional abnormality of the bladder</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1849166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bladder outlet obstruction">Bladder outlet obstruction</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/574618" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia">Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3943" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Dysuria">Dysuria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/8649" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enuresis">Enuresis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78718" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Daytime enuresis">Daytime enuresis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869320" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enuresis diurna">Enuresis diurna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/124355" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enuresis nocturna">Enuresis nocturna</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4802" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nonorganic Enuresis">Nonorganic Enuresis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/595" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Neurogenic bladder">Neurogenic bladder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/882138" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acquired Neurogenic Bladder">Acquired Neurogenic Bladder</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/890355" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Neurogenic Bladder">Congenital Neurogenic Bladder</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/744421" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hinman syndrome">Hinman syndrome</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14440" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nocturia">Nocturia</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52942" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pollakisuria">Pollakisuria</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/373204" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Spastic/hyperactive bladder">Spastic/hyperactive bladder</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/334804" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction">Urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/56259" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Urinary hesitancy">Urinary hesitancy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/38289" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Urinary retention">Urinary retention</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/39315" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Urinary urgency">Urinary urgency</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_341162"><div><strong>X-linked immunoneurologic disorder</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>341162</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848144</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A syndrome with characteristics of immune deficiency and neurological disorders in females and neonatal death in males. The syndrome has been described in only one family with nine affected individuals (five males and four females) spanning two generations. Symptomatic females present slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness, leg hyperreflexia, pes cavus, increased muscle tone in the legs, poor bladder function, static reduced night vision and frequent sinopulmonary infections associated with IgG2 deficiency. Males present with low birth weight and severe hypotonia that leads to death in the neonatal period. The gene locus has been mapped to Xq26-qter.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/341162">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841167"><div><strong>Spastic paraplegia 89, autosomal recessive</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841167</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830531</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-89 (SPG89) is characterized by symptom onset in the first years of life. Affected individuals show delayed motor development with abnormal spastic gait and hyperreflexia of the lower limbs. Some patients may have mildly impaired intellectual development or learning difficulties (Deng et al., 2023).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive SPG, see SPG5A (270800).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841167">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841167" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spastic paraplegia 89, autosomal recessive</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_341162" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked immunoneurologic disorder</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34838048">Application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xu Y,
Luo C,
Wang J,
Chen L,
Chen J,
Chen T,
Zeng Q</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nanobiotechnology</span>
2021 Nov 27;19(1):393.
doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01104-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34838048" target="_blank">34838048</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8626998" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33479164">Contemporary Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Children.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mattoo TK,
Shaikh N,
Nelson CP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatrics</span>
2021 Feb;147(2)
doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-012138.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33479164" target="_blank">33479164</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18981805">Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cerebral palsy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">O'Shea TM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Obstet Gynecol</span>
2008 Dec;51(4):816-28.
doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181870ba7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18981805" target="_blank">18981805</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3051278" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(functional%20abnormality%20of%20the%20bladder)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (293)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33252091">Urologic guidelines for the care and management of people with spina bifida.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joseph DB,
Baum MA,
Tanaka ST,
Frimberger DC,
Misseri R,
Khavari R,
Baillie S,
Yerkes EB,
Wood H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Rehabil Med</span>
2020;13(4):479-489.
doi: 10.3233/PRM-200712.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33252091" target="_blank">33252091</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7838970" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32866365">Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Veauthier B,
Miller MV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2020 Sep 1;102(5):278-285.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32866365" target="_blank">32866365</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28612061">Management of vesicoureteral reflux in neurogenic bladder.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wu CQ,
Franco I</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Investig Clin Urol</span>
2017 Jun;58(Suppl 1):S54-S58.
Epub 2017 Jun 2
doi: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.S1.S54.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28612061" target="_blank">28612061</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5468266" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18278519">The neurogenic bladder: introducing four contributions.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Proesmans W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
2008 Apr;23(4):537-40.
Epub 2008 Feb 16
doi: 10.1007/s00467-008-0768-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18278519" target="_blank">18278519</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4858412">Posterior urethral valves.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Agusta VE,
Howards SS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
1974 Aug;112(2):280-4.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)59707-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4858412" target="_blank">4858412</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Functional%20abnormality%20of%20the%20bladder%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2607)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34838048">Application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xu Y,
Luo C,
Wang J,
Chen L,
Chen J,
Chen T,
Zeng Q</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nanobiotechnology</span>
2021 Nov 27;19(1):393.
doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01104-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34838048" target="_blank">34838048</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8626998" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32866365">Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Veauthier B,
Miller MV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2020 Sep 1;102(5):278-285.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32866365" target="_blank">32866365</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19483500">Editorial. Paediatric urology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peters CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Urol</span>
2009 Jul;19(4):395-6.
doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32832c918d.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19483500" target="_blank">19483500</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14974124">Megacystis in the first trimester.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sepulveda W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
2004 Feb;24(2):144-9.
doi: 10.1002/pd.790.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14974124" target="_blank">14974124</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1096112">Incontinence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Edwards LE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Practitioner</span>
1975 Jan;214(1279):46-55.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1096112" target="_blank">1096112</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Functional%20abnormality%20of%20the%20bladder%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2267)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35136187">Definition, diagnosis and management of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction: consensus of the ERKNet CAKUT-Obstructive Uropathy Work Group.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Capone V,
Persico N,
Berrettini A,
Decramer S,
De Marco EA,
De Palma D,
Familiari A,
Feitz W,
Herthelius M,
Kazlauskas V,
Liebau M,
Manzoni G,
Maternik M,
Mosiello G,
Schanstra JP,
Vande Walle J,
Wühl E,
Ylinen E,
Zurowska A,
Schaefer F,
Montini G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Urol</span>
2022 May;19(5):295-303.
Epub 2022 Feb 8
doi: 10.1038/s41585-022-00563-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35136187" target="_blank">35136187</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34838048">Application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xu Y,
Luo C,
Wang J,
Chen L,
Chen J,
Chen T,
Zeng Q</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nanobiotechnology</span>
2021 Nov 27;19(1):393.
doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01104-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34838048" target="_blank">34838048</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8626998" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32866365">Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Veauthier B,
Miller MV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2020 Sep 1;102(5):278-285.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32866365" target="_blank">32866365</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21873693">Urinary tract infection: clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of the initial UTI in febrile infants and children 2 to 24 months.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management,
Roberts KB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatrics</span>
2011 Sep;128(3):595-610.
Epub 2011 Aug 28
doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1330.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21873693" target="_blank">21873693</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1096112">Incontinence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Edwards LE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Practitioner</span>
1975 Jan;214(1279):46-55.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1096112" target="_blank">1096112</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Functional%20abnormality%20of%20the%20bladder%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (928)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38018291">The value of ATAD3A as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu Z,
Sun L,
Zheng B,
Wang H,
Qin X,
Zhang P,
Wo Q,
Li H,
Mou Y,
Zhang D,
Wang S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cancer Med</span>
2023 Dec;12(24):22395-22406.
Epub 2023 Nov 28
doi: 10.1002/cam4.6759.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38018291" target="_blank">38018291</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10757082" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32866365">Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children and Infants: Common Questions and Answers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Veauthier B,
Miller MV</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am Fam Physician</span>
2020 Sep 1;102(5):278-285.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32866365" target="_blank">32866365</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/14974124">Megacystis in the first trimester.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sepulveda W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
2004 Feb;24(2):144-9.
doi: 10.1002/pd.790.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/14974124" target="_blank">14974124</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7728507">Anorectal malformations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Peña A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Pediatr Surg</span>
1995 Feb;4(1):35-47.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7728507" target="_blank">7728507</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4858412">Posterior urethral valves.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Agusta VE,
Howards SS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
1974 Aug;112(2):280-4.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)59707-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4858412" target="_blank">4858412</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Functional%20abnormality%20of%20the%20bladder%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1685)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35575937">The term CAKUT has outlived its usefulness: the case for the prosecution.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Woolf AS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Nephrol</span>
2022 Nov;37(11):2785-2791.
Epub 2022 May 16
doi: 10.1007/s00467-022-05576-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35575937" target="_blank">35575937</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9489548" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28599899">Placenta accreta spectrum: pathophysiology and evidence-based anatomy for prenatal ultrasound imaging.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jauniaux E,
Collins S,
Burton GJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2018 Jan;218(1):75-87.
Epub 2017 Jun 24
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.067.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28599899" target="_blank">28599899</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17654564">Imaging bladder sensations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Griffiths D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurourol Urodyn</span>
2007 Oct;26(6 Suppl):899-903.
doi: 10.1002/nau.20488.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17654564" target="_blank">17654564</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/387501">Diabetic autonomic neuropathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Clarke BF,
Ewing DJ,
Campbell IW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Diabetologia</span>
1979 Oct;17(4):195-212.
doi: 10.1007/BF01235856.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/387501" target="_blank">387501</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/327099">The role of intermittent catheterization in the management of children with myelomeningocele.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Drago JR,
Wellner L,
Sanford EJ,
Rohner TJ Jr</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Urol</span>
1977 Jul;118(1 Pt 1):92-4.
doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)57901-x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/327099" target="_blank">327099</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Functional%20abnormality%20of%20the%20bladder%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1514)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36966234">Cancer in Costello syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Astiazaran-Symonds E,
Ney GM,
Higgs C,
Oba L,
Srivastava R,
Livinski AA,
Rosenberg PS,
Stewart DR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Cancer</span>
2023 Jun;128(11):2089-2096.
Epub 2023 Mar 25
doi: 10.1038/s41416-023-02229-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36966234" target="_blank">36966234</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10205753" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36692329">ATP7A-related copper transport disorders: A systematic review and definition of the clinical subtypes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">De Feyter S,
Beyens A,
Callewaert B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2023 Mar;46(2):163-173.
Epub 2023 Feb 3
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12590.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36692329" target="_blank">36692329</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34622992">Dissecting the Phenotype and Genotype of PLA2G6-Related Parkinsonism.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Magrinelli F,
Mehta S,
Di Lazzaro G,
Latorre A,
Edwards MJ,
Balint B,
Basu P,
Kobylecki C,
Groppa S,
Hegde A,
Mulroy E,
Estevez-Fraga C,
Arora A,
Kumar H,
Schneider SA,
Lewis PA,
Jaunmuktane Z,
Revesz T,
Gandhi S,
Wood NW,
Hardy JA,
Tinazzi M,
Lal V,
Houlden H,
Bhatia KP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2022 Jan;37(1):148-161.
Epub 2021 Oct 8
doi: 10.1002/mds.28807.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34622992" target="_blank">34622992</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31851992">Management of Intradiverticular Bladder Tumours: A Systematic Review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Poletajew S,
Krajewski W,
Adamowicz J,
Kołodziej A,
Zdrojowy R,
Radziszewski P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urol Int</span>
2020;104(1-2):42-47.
Epub 2019 Dec 18
doi: 10.1159/000503868.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31851992" target="_blank">31851992</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25891319">Follow-up of the neuro-urological patient: a systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Averbeck MA,
Madersbacher H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BJU Int</span>
2015 Apr;115 Suppl 6:39-46.
doi: 10.1111/bju.13084.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25891319" target="_blank">25891319</a></div>
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