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<meta name="keywords" content="C1853618, dilated cerebral perivascular spaces, dilated virchow-robin spaces, dilation of virchow-robin spaces, finding, perivascular spaces, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Increased dimensions of the Virchow-Robin spaces (also known as perivascular spaces), which surround the walls of vessels as they course from the subarachnoid space through the brain parenchyma. Perivascular spaces are commonly microscopic, and not visible on conventional neuroimaging. This term refers to an increase of size of these spaces such that they are visible on neuroimaging (usually magnetic resonance imaging). The dilatations are regular cavities that always contain a patent artery." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces (Concept Id: C1853618)
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<!--
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UID=342926
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ConceptID=C1853618
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342926</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1853618</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Perivascular spaces</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0012520">HP:0012520</a></td></tr>
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</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Increased dimensions of the Virchow-Robin spaces (also known as perivascular spaces), which surround the walls of vessels as they course from the subarachnoid space through the brain parenchyma. Perivascular spaces are commonly microscopic, and not visible on conventional neuroimaging. This term refers to an increase of size of these spaces such that they are visible on neuroimaging (usually magnetic resonance imaging). The dilatations are regular cavities that always contain a patent artery. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
|
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232130" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder by Site">Disorder by Site</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2848" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of cardiovascular system">Disorder of cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116727" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the cardiovascular system">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/892473" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology">Abnormal cardiovascular system morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/927608" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal vascular morphology">Abnormal vascular morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867613" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cerebral vascular morphology">Abnormal cerebral vascular morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_334618"><div><strong>ALG2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334618</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1842836</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ii (CDG1I) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurologic involvement, including a convulsive syndrome of unknown origin, axial hypotonia, and mental and motor regression (summary by Papazoglu et al., 2021). For a general discussion of CDGs, see CDG1A (212065).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334618">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_381416"><div><strong>Macrocephaly-autism syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>381416</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1854416</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Macrocephaly/autism syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased head circumference, abnormal facial features, and delayed psychomotor development resulting in autistic behavior or mental retardation (Herman et al., 2007). Some patients may have a primary immunodeficiency disorder with recurrent infections associated with variably abnormal T- and B-cell function (Tsujita et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/381416">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350933"><div><strong>Acromelic frontonasal dysostosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350933</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1863616</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Verloes et al. (1992) described a rare variant of frontonasal dysplasia (see FND1, 136760), designated acromelic frontonasal dysplasia (AFND), in which similar craniofacial anomalies are associated with variable central nervous system malformations and limb defects including tibial hypoplasia/aplasia, talipes equinovarus, and preaxial polydactyly of the feet.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350933">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_416526"><div><strong>RIN2 syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>416526</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2751321</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">MACS syndrome is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder named for the variable features of macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa, and scoliosis (summary by Kameli et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/416526">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_895965"><div><strong>Cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>895965</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225211</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">HTRA1 disorder is a phenotypic spectrum in which some individuals have few to no symptoms and others manifest with the more severe CARASIL (cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) phenotype. Those who have a heterozygous HTRA1 pathogenic variant may have mild neurologic findings (sometimes identified only on neuroimaging) or mild-to-moderate neurologic signs and symptoms of CARASIL. In this chapter, the term "classic CARASIL" refers to the more severe phenotype associated with biallelic pathogenic variants, and "HTRA1 cerebral small vessel disease" (HTRA1-CSVD) refers to the milder phenotype associated with a heterozygous HTRA1 pathogenic variant. Classic CARASIL is characterized by early-onset changes in the deep white matter of the brain observed on MRI, and associated neurologic findings. The most frequent initial symptom is gait disturbance from spasticity beginning between ages 20 and 40 years. Forty-four percent of affected individuals have stroke-like episodes before age 40 years. Mood changes (apathy and irritability), pseudobulbar palsy, and cognitive dysfunction begin between ages 20 and 50 years. The disease progresses slowly following the onset of neurologic symptoms. Scalp alopecia and acute mid- to lower-back pain (lumbago) before age 30 years are characteristic. The most frequent initial symptom in individuals with HTRA1-CSVD is slowly progressive gait disturbance after age 40 years, which may be followed by the development of mood changes and cognitive dysfunction. A majority of affected individuals have a stroke-like episode after age 40 years. Spondylosis and alopecia are seen in a minority of individuals with HTRA1-CSVD.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/895965">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934639"><div><strong>Shashi-Pena syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934639</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310672</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Shashi-Pena syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial features accompanied by variable further clinical findings. Facial features may include glabellar nevus simplex, widely spaced and prominent/proptotic eyes with epicanthal folds and ptosis, arched eyebrows, broad nasal tip, and low-set/posteriorly rotated ears. Dental anomalies may include early eruption and loss of teeth as well as small and fragile teeth. Most affected individuals have infantile hypotonia that frequently resolves over time. Macrosomia and macrocephaly are also common. Affected individuals can have variable developmental delay / intellectual disability, ranging from low-average intellectual abilities to severe intellectual disability. They often demonstrate difficulties with attention and aggressive behavior. Affected individuals may have feeding difficulties that require supportive nasogastric or gastrostomy tube feeding, skin findings (capillary malformations, deep palmar creases, hypertrichosis), skeletal anomalies (scoliosis/kyphosis, hypermobility, frequent fractures), congenital heart defects, seizures, hypoglycemia (most typically in infancy, may be due to hyperinsulinism), vision abnormalities (strabismus, amblyopia), conductive hearing loss, sleep apnea, temperature dysregulation, and global volume loss on brain MRI.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934639">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1392054"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic, 35</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1392054</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4478383</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1392054">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1625009"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 51</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1625009</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4540474</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1625009">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1647320"><div><strong>Brain small vessel disease 1 with or without ocular anomalies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1647320</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551998</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of COL4A1-related disorders includes: small-vessel brain disease of varying severity including porencephaly, variably associated with eye defects (retinal arterial tortuosity, Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly, cataract) and systemic findings (kidney involvement, muscle cramps, cerebral aneurysms, Raynaud phenomenon, cardiac arrhythmia, and hemolytic anemia). On imaging studies, small-vessel brain disease is manifest as diffuse periventricular leukoencephalopathy, lacunar infarcts, microhemorrhage, dilated perivascular spaces, and deep intracerebral hemorrhages. Clinically, small-vessel brain disease manifests as infantile hemiparesis, seizures, single or recurrent hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and isolated migraine with aura. Porencephaly (fluid-filled cavities in the brain detected by CT or MRI) is typically manifest as infantile hemiparesis, seizures, and intellectual disability; however, on occasion it can be an incidental finding. HANAC (hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps) syndrome usually associates asymptomatic small-vessel brain disease, cerebral large vessel involvement (i.e., aneurysms), and systemic findings involving the kidney, muscle, and small vessels of the eye. Two additional phenotypes include isolated retinal artery tortuosity and nonsyndromic autosomal dominant congenital cataract.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1647320">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1657090"><div><strong>Lissencephaly due to LIS1 mutation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1657090</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4749301</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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||
<div class="spaceAbove">PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly / subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) comprises a spectrum of severity. Affected newborns typically have mild-to-moderate hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and poor head control. During the first years, neurologic examination typically demonstrates poor visual tracking and response to sounds, axial hypotonia, and mild distal spasticity that can transition over time to more severe spasticity. Seizures occur in more than 90% of individuals with lissencephaly and often include infantile spasms. Seizures are often drug resistant, but even with good seizure control, the best developmental level achieved (excluding the few individuals with partial lissencephaly) is the equivalent of about age three to five months. In individuals with PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly/SBH, developmental delay ranges from mild to severe. Other findings in PAFAH1B1-related lissencephaly/SBH include feeding issues and aspiration (which may result in need for gastrostomy tube placement), progressive microcephaly, and occasional developmental regression.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1657090">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1775930"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with alopecia and brain abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1775930</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436741</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bachmann-Bupp syndrome (BABS) is characterized by a distinctive type of alopecia, global developmental delay in the moderate to severe range, hypotonia, nonspecific dysmorphic features, behavioral abnormalities (autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and feeding difficulties. Hair is typically present at birth but may be sparse and of an unexpected color with subsequent loss of hair in large clumps within the first few weeks of life. Rare findings may include seizures with onset in later childhood and conductive hearing loss.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1775930">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1788293"><div><strong>Buratti-Harel syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1788293</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5543351</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Buratti-Harel syndrome (BURHAS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by infantile hypotonia, global developmental delay, mild motor and speech delay, and mild to moderately impaired intellectual development. Some patients are able to attend special schools and show learning difficulties, whereas others are more severely affected. Patients have prominent dysmorphic facial features, including hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, strabismus, and small low-set ears. Additional features may include laryngomalacia with feeding difficulties and distal skeletal anomalies (summary by Buratti et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1788293">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794187"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and brain abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794187</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and brain abnormalities (NEDHYBA) is characterized by impaired development of motor skills, cognitive function, and speech acquisition beginning in infancy or early childhood. Some affected individuals may have feeding difficulties, seizures, behavioral abnormalities, and nonspecific dysmorphic facial features. Brain imaging shows variable abnormalities, including corpus callosum defects, cerebellar defects, and decreased white matter volume. There is significant phenotypic variability (summary by Duncan et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794187">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794189"><div><strong>Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and brain abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794189</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561979</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and brain abnormalities (NEDSBA) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by global developmental delay and onset of seizures in the first months of life associated with structural brain defects on brain imaging. Additional features may include pigmentary retinopathy with poor visual fixation and spasticity (summary by Duncan et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794189">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1801103"><div><strong>Bryant-Li-Bhoj neurodevelopmental syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1801103</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5676905</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Bryant-Li-Bhoj neurodevelopmental syndrome-1 (BRYLIB1) is a highly variable phenotype characterized predominantly by moderate to severe global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development, poor or absent speech, and delayed motor milestones. Most patients have hypotonia, although some have peripheral hypertonia. Common features include abnormal head shape, variable dysmorphic facial features, oculomotor abnormalities, feeding problems, and nonspecific brain imaging abnormalities. Additional features may include hearing loss, seizures, short stature, and mild skeletal defects (summary by Bryant et al., 2020). Genetic Heterogeneity of Bryant-Li-Bhoj Neurodevelopmental Syndrome See also BRYLIB2 (619721), caused by heterozygous mutation in the H3F3B gene (601058).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1801103">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1804234"><div><strong>Tessadori-Van Haaften neurodevelopmental syndrome 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1804234</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5677016</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Tessadori-Bicknell-van Haaften neurodevelopmental syndrome-4 (TEBIVANED4) is characterized by global developmental delay with poor overall growth, variably impaired intellectual development, learning difficulties, distal skeletal anomalies, and dysmorphic facies. Some patients have visual or hearing deficits. The severity and manifestations of the disorder are highly variable (Tessadori et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of TEBIVANED, see TEBIVANED1 (619758).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1804234">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1800957"><div><strong>Dworschak-Punetha neurodevelopmental syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1800957</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5677017</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Dworschak-Punetha neurodevelopmental syndrome (DWOPNED) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized mainly by global developmental delay and mildly impaired intellectual development (IQ range 77 to 85), often with behavioral abnormalities, including autism spectrum disorder and hyperactivity. Some affected individuals may have only speech delay or behavioral manifestations. More variable additional features include optic disc hypoplasia, ptosis, hypo- or hyperpigmented skin lesions, nonspecific dysmorphic facial features, and brain imaging abnormalities of the ventricles or corpus callosum. Of note, not all patients exhibit all features, and there is significant inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic variability (Dworschak et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1800957">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1809227"><div><strong>Chromosome Xq13 duplication syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1809227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5677057</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1809227">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1854940"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, x-linked, syndromic 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1854940</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935567</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder-37 (MRXS37) is a developmental disorder showing phenotypic variability and variable severity. Male mutation carriers tend to be more severely affected than female mutation carriers, some of whom may even be asymptomatic. In general, the disorder is characterized by global developmental delay with delayed walking, speech delay, impaired intellectual development that ranges from borderline low to moderate, and behavioral abnormalities, such as autism and sleeping difficulties. Many patients are able to attend mainstream schools with assistance and work under supervision. Additional more variable features include sensorineural hearing loss, ocular anomalies, feeding difficulties, dysmorphic facial features, inguinal and umbilical hernia, genitourinary defects, congenital heart defects, musculoskeletal anomalies, and endocrine dysfunction, such as hypogonadism or hyperparathyroidism (Shepherdson et al., 2024).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1854940">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1857742"><div><strong>Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 116</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1857742</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5935615</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-116 (DEE116) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by severe developmental delay, seizures, and white matter abnormalities but normal plasma and cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry (Jones et al., 2024).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1857742">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_989503"><div><strong>Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>989503</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">CN306977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Individuals with NGLY1-related congenital disorder of deglycosylation (NGLY1-CDDG) typically display a clinical tetrad of developmental delay / intellectual disability in the mild to profound range, hypo- or alacrima, elevated liver transaminases that may spontaneously resolve in childhood, and a complex hyperkinetic movement disorder that can include choreiform, athetoid, dystonic, myoclonic, action tremor, and dysmetric movements. About half of affected individuals will develop clinical seizures. Other findings may include obstructive and/or central sleep apnea, oral motor defects that affect feeding ability, auditory neuropathy, constipation, scoliosis, and peripheral neuropathy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/989503">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350933" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Acromelic frontonasal dysostosis</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_334618" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">ALG2-congenital disorder of glycosylation</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1647320" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brain small vessel disease 1 with or without ocular anomalies</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1801103" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bryant-Li-Bhoj neurodevelopmental syndrome 1</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1788293" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Buratti-Harel syndrome</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (21)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_895965" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral arteriopathy, autosomal dominant, with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, type 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1809227" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chromosome Xq13 duplication syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_989503" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1857742" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 116</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1800957" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dworschak-Punetha neurodevelopmental syndrome</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1854940" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, x-linked, syndromic 37</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1625009" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 51</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1392054" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic, 35</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1657090" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lissencephaly due to LIS1 mutation</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_381416" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Macrocephaly-autism syndrome</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1775930" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with alopecia and brain abnormalities</a></div>
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||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794187" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and brain abnormalities</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794189" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and brain abnormalities</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_416526" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">RIN2 syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934639" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Shashi-Pena syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1804234" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tessadori-Van Haaften neurodevelopmental syndrome 4</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22879084">Neuro-psychological sequelae in HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis after complete anti-fungal treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen CH,
|
||
Chang CC,
|
||
Chang WN,
|
||
Tsai NW,
|
||
Lui CC,
|
||
Lin WC,
|
||
Chen NC,
|
||
Chen C,
|
||
Huang CW,
|
||
Lu CH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Taiwan</span>
|
||
2012 Mar;21(1):8-17.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22879084" target="_blank">22879084</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21393597">Silent brain infarcts: a review of MRI diagnostic criteria.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhu YC,
|
||
Dufouil C,
|
||
Tzourio C,
|
||
Chabriat H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Stroke</span>
|
||
2011 Apr;42(4):1140-5.
|
||
Epub 2011 Mar 10
|
||
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.600114.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21393597" target="_blank">21393597</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20483392">Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense brainstem lesions: Part 1. Focal lesions.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Guzmán-De-Villoria JA,
|
||
Fernández-García P,
|
||
Ferreiro-Argüelles C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Ultrasound CT MR</span>
|
||
2010 Jun;31(3):246-59.
|
||
doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2010.03.001.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20483392" target="_blank">20483392</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(dilation%20of%20virchow-robin%20spaces)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39201439">Pathogenesis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Role of the Glymphatic System Dysfunction.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee DH,
|
||
Lee EC,
|
||
Park SW,
|
||
Lee JY,
|
||
Lee MR,
|
||
Oh JS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Mol Sci</span>
|
||
2024 Aug 11;25(16)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/ijms25168752.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39201439" target="_blank">39201439</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11354389" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38211705">The dilated veins surrounding the cord in multiple sclerosis suggest elevated pressure and obstruction of the glymphatic system.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bateman GA,
|
||
Bateman AR</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neuroimage</span>
|
||
2024 Feb 1;286:120517.
|
||
Epub 2024 Jan 10
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120517.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38211705" target="_blank">38211705</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33242372">Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang Z,
|
||
Zhang Y,
|
||
Hu F,
|
||
Ding J,
|
||
Wang X</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">CNS Neurosci Ther</span>
|
||
2020 Dec;26(12):1230-1240.
|
||
Epub 2020 Nov 26
|
||
doi: 10.1111/cns.13526.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33242372" target="_blank">33242372</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7702234" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32108008">Biological Signatures of Alzheimer's Disease.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharma P,
|
||
Sharma A,
|
||
Fayaz F,
|
||
Wakode S,
|
||
Pottoo FH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Top Med Chem</span>
|
||
2020;20(9):770-781.
|
||
doi: 10.2174/1568026620666200228095553.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32108008" target="_blank">32108008</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23575640">Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces and parkinsonism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mehta SH,
|
||
Nichols FT 3rd,
|
||
Espay AJ,
|
||
Duker AP,
|
||
Morgan JC,
|
||
Sethi KD</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
|
||
2013 May;28(5):589-90.
|
||
Epub 2013 Apr 10
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mds.25474.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23575640" target="_blank">23575640</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dilation%20of%20Virchow-Robin%20spaces%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (70)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37422981">Dilated Virchow Robin spaces in multiple sclerosis - a generalised marker of disease?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vivash L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">EBioMedicine</span>
|
||
2023 Aug;94:104708.
|
||
Epub 2023 Jul 7
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104708.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37422981" target="_blank">37422981</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10435834" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30860156">Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces on MRI: Differential diagnosis ranging from benign to pathological entities.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sirufo MM,
|
||
Ginaldi L,
|
||
De Martinis M</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol India</span>
|
||
2019 Jan-Feb;67(1):329-330.
|
||
doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.253585.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30860156" target="_blank">30860156</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29280227">Neuroimaging of Dilated Perivascular Spaces: From Benign and Pathologic Causes to Mimics.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rudie JD,
|
||
Rauschecker AM,
|
||
Nabavizadeh SA,
|
||
Mohan S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuroimaging</span>
|
||
2018 Mar;28(2):139-149.
|
||
Epub 2017 Dec 27
|
||
doi: 10.1111/jon.12493.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29280227" target="_blank">29280227</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6398334" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24471396">Case 202: Extensive unilateral widening of Virchow-Robin spaces.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mölzer G,
|
||
Robinson S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiology</span>
|
||
2014 Feb;270(2):623-6.
|
||
doi: 10.1148/radiol.13110419.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24471396" target="_blank">24471396</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23575640">Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces and parkinsonism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mehta SH,
|
||
Nichols FT 3rd,
|
||
Espay AJ,
|
||
Duker AP,
|
||
Morgan JC,
|
||
Sethi KD</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
|
||
2013 May;28(5):589-90.
|
||
Epub 2013 Apr 10
|
||
doi: 10.1002/mds.25474.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23575640" target="_blank">23575640</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dilation%20of%20Virchow-Robin%20spaces%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (79)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36930038">Characteristics of perivascular space dilatation in normal aging.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Park CH,
|
||
Shin NY,
|
||
Nam Y,
|
||
Yoon U,
|
||
Ahn K,
|
||
Lee SK</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Brain Mapp</span>
|
||
2023 Jun 1;44(8):3232-3240.
|
||
Epub 2023 Mar 17
|
||
doi: 10.1002/hbm.26277.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36930038" target="_blank">36930038</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10171536" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26024925">Perivascular spaces and headache: A population-based imaging study (HUNT-MRI).</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Husøy AK,
|
||
Indergaard MK,
|
||
Honningsvåg LM,
|
||
Håberg AK,
|
||
Hagen K,
|
||
Linde M,
|
||
Gårseth M,
|
||
Stovner LJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cephalalgia</span>
|
||
2016 Mar;36(3):232-9.
|
||
Epub 2015 May 29
|
||
doi: 10.1177/0333102415587691.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26024925" target="_blank">26024925</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22879084">Neuro-psychological sequelae in HIV-negative cryptococcal meningitis after complete anti-fungal treatment.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen CH,
|
||
Chang CC,
|
||
Chang WN,
|
||
Tsai NW,
|
||
Lui CC,
|
||
Lin WC,
|
||
Chen NC,
|
||
Chen C,
|
||
Huang CW,
|
||
Lu CH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Taiwan</span>
|
||
2012 Mar;21(1):8-17.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22879084" target="_blank">22879084</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20847444">High degree of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces on MRI is associated with increased risk of dementia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhu YC,
|
||
Dufouil C,
|
||
Soumaré A,
|
||
Mazoyer B,
|
||
Chabriat H,
|
||
Tzourio C</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Alzheimers Dis</span>
|
||
2010;22(2):663-72.
|
||
doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-100378.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20847444" target="_blank">20847444</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18306125">Dilatation of Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces: report of 3 cases with different localizations.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Caner B,
|
||
Bekar A,
|
||
Hakyemez B,
|
||
Taskapilioglu O,
|
||
Aksoy K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Minim Invasive Neurosurg</span>
|
||
2008 Feb;51(1):11-4.
|
||
doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1022538.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18306125" target="_blank">18306125</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dilation%20of%20Virchow-Robin%20spaces%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38185848">Perivascular Space Burden and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in US Veterans With Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yamamoto EA,
|
||
Koike S,
|
||
Luther M,
|
||
Dennis L,
|
||
Lim MM,
|
||
Raskind M,
|
||
Pagulayan K,
|
||
Iliff J,
|
||
Peskind E,
|
||
Piantino JA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurotrauma</span>
|
||
2024 Jul;41(13-14):1565-1577.
|
||
Epub 2024 Jan 19
|
||
doi: 10.1089/neu.2023.0505.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38185848" target="_blank">38185848</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11564836" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33504642">Association of Dilated Perivascular Spaces With Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Paradise M,
|
||
Crawford JD,
|
||
Lam BCP,
|
||
Wen W,
|
||
Kochan NA,
|
||
Makkar S,
|
||
Dawes L,
|
||
Trollor J,
|
||
Draper B,
|
||
Brodaty H,
|
||
Sachdev PS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
2021 Mar 16;96(11):e1501-e1511.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jan 27
|
||
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011537.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33504642" target="_blank">33504642</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8032377" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17620468">Virchow-Robin spaces at MR imaging.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kwee RM,
|
||
Kwee TC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiographics</span>
|
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2007 Jul-Aug;27(4):1071-86.
|
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doi: 10.1148/rg.274065722.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17620468" target="_blank">17620468</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16490051">Dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces in CADASIL.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cumurciuc R,
|
||
Guichard JP,
|
||
Reizine D,
|
||
Gray F,
|
||
Bousser MG,
|
||
Chabriat H</span><br />
|
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Neurol</span>
|
||
2006 Feb;13(2):187-90.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01113.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16490051" target="_blank">16490051</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10362243">Unilateral appearance of markedly dilated Virchow-Robin spaces.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sawada M,
|
||
Nishi S,
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Hashimoto N</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Radiol</span>
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1999 May;54(5):334-6.
|
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doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(99)90566-4.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10362243" target="_blank">10362243</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dilation%20of%20Virchow-Robin%20spaces%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (32)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38015629">Age-related loss of Notch3 underlies brain vascular contractility deficiencies, glymphatic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration in mice.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Romay MC,
|
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Knutsen RH,
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Ma F,
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Mompeón A,
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Hernandez GE,
|
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Salvador J,
|
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Mirkov S,
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Batra A,
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Sullivan DP,
|
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Procissi D,
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Buchanan S,
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Kronquist E,
|
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Ferrante EA,
|
||
Muller WA,
|
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Walshon J,
|
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Steffens A,
|
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McCortney K,
|
||
Horbinski C,
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||
Tournier-Lasserve E,
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Sonabend AM,
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Sorond FA,
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Wang MM,
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Boehm M,
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||
Kozel BA,
|
||
Iruela-Arispe ML</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Invest</span>
|
||
2024 Jan 16;134(2)
|
||
doi: 10.1172/JCI166134.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38015629" target="_blank">38015629</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10786701" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37253317">Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces are a marker for arterial disease in multiple sclerosis.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ineichen BV,
|
||
Cananau C,
|
||
Plattén M,
|
||
Ouellette R,
|
||
Moridi T,
|
||
Frauenknecht KBM,
|
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Okar SV,
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||
Kulcsar Z,
|
||
Kockum I,
|
||
Piehl F,
|
||
Reich DS,
|
||
Granberg T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">EBioMedicine</span>
|
||
2023 Jun;92:104631.
|
||
Epub 2023 May 28
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104631.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37253317" target="_blank">37253317</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10227207" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34928427">Perivascular space dilation is associated with vascular amyloid-β accumulation in the overlying cortex.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Perosa V,
|
||
Oltmer J,
|
||
Munting LP,
|
||
Freeze WM,
|
||
Auger CA,
|
||
Scherlek AA,
|
||
van der Kouwe AJ,
|
||
Iglesias JE,
|
||
Atzeni A,
|
||
Bacskai BJ,
|
||
Viswanathan A,
|
||
Frosch MP,
|
||
Greenberg SM,
|
||
van Veluw SJ</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neuropathol</span>
|
||
2022 Mar;143(3):331-348.
|
||
Epub 2021 Dec 20
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00401-021-02393-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34928427" target="_blank">34928427</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9047512" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33504642">Association of Dilated Perivascular Spaces With Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Paradise M,
|
||
Crawford JD,
|
||
Lam BCP,
|
||
Wen W,
|
||
Kochan NA,
|
||
Makkar S,
|
||
Dawes L,
|
||
Trollor J,
|
||
Draper B,
|
||
Brodaty H,
|
||
Sachdev PS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurology</span>
|
||
2021 Mar 16;96(11):e1501-e1511.
|
||
Epub 2021 Jan 27
|
||
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011537.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33504642" target="_blank">33504642</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8032377" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31778891">Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces in children with seizures. A possible correlation?</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spalice A,
|
||
Guido CA,
|
||
Nicita F,
|
||
Biasi CD,
|
||
Zicari AM,
|
||
Giannini L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Hypotheses</span>
|
||
2020 Mar;136:109481.
|
||
Epub 2019 Nov 11
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109481.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31778891" target="_blank">31778891</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dilation%20of%20Virchow-Robin%20spaces%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (47)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39269463">Giant tumefactive mesencephalothalamic Virchow-Robin space with triventricular hydrocephalus: a case-based systematic literature review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kumarasamy S,
|
||
Spennato P,
|
||
Di Martino G,
|
||
Russo C,
|
||
Mirone G,
|
||
Covelli E,
|
||
Cinalli G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Childs Nerv Syst</span>
|
||
2024 Dec;40(12):3923-3932.
|
||
Epub 2024 Sep 13
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s00381-024-06610-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39269463" target="_blank">39269463</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36273113">Extensive widening of Virchow-Robin spaces in the frontal lobe: two case reports and systematic review of the literature.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Demir MK,
|
||
Ertem Ö,
|
||
Kundak NE,
|
||
Ay T,
|
||
Kılıc T</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Neurol Belg</span>
|
||
2023 Dec;123(6):2129-2138.
|
||
Epub 2022 Oct 22
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s13760-022-02098-6.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36273113" target="_blank">36273113</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30691661">Tumefactive Virchow-Robin spaces.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kwee RM,
|
||
Kwee TC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Radiol</span>
|
||
2019 Feb;111:21-33.
|
||
Epub 2018 Dec 13
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.12.011.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30691661" target="_blank">30691661</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dilation%20of%20Virchow-Robin%20spaces%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div></div>
|
||
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|
||
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