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<meta name="keywords" content="C1393871, congenital abnormality, congenital finger contractures, congenital finger flexion contractures, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Multiple bent (flexed) finger joints that cannot be straightened actively or passively." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Congenital finger flexion contractures (Concept Id: C1393871)
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Congenital finger flexion contractures</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>234659</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1393871</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
<td>Congenital finger contractures</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0005879">HP:0005879</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Multiple bent (flexed) finger joints that cannot be straightened actively or passively. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Congenital finger flexion contractures</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/866679" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal tendon morphology">Abnormal tendon morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3228" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Joint contracture">Joint contracture</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/83069" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flexion contracture">Flexion contracture</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/326595" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Flexion contracture of digit">Flexion contracture of digit</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/195780" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Camptodactyly">Camptodactyly</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98041" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Camptodactyly of finger">Camptodactyly of finger</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Congenital finger flexion contractures</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_67391"><div><strong>Congenital contractural arachnodactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>67391</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0220668</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) appears to comprise a broad phenotypic spectrum. Classic CCA is characterized by arachnodactyly; flexion contractures of multiple joints including elbows, knees, hips, ankles, and/or fingers; kyphoscoliosis (usually progressive); a marfanoid habitus (a long and slender build, dolichostenomelia, pectus deformity, muscular hypoplasia, highly arched palate); and abnormal "crumpled" ears. At the mildest end, parents who are diagnosed retrospectively upon evaluation of their more severely affected child may show a lean body build, mild arachnodactyly, mild contractures without impairment, and minor ear abnormalities. At the most severe end is "severe CCA with cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal anomalies," a rare phenotype in infants with pronounced features of CCA (severe crumpling of the ears, arachnodactyly, contractures, congenital scoliosis, and/or hypotonia) and severe cardiovascular and/or gastrointestinal anomalies. Phenotypic expression can vary within and between families.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/67391">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349226"><div><strong>Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349226</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859690</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome (CACP) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by the association of congenital or early-onset camptodactyly and noninflammatory arthropathy with synovial hyperplasia. Progressive coxa vara deformity and/or noninflammatory pericardial or pleural effusions are found in some patients (summary by Faivre et al., 2000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349226">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_349399"><div><strong>Camptobrachydactyly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>349399</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861963</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An extremely rare brachydactyly syndrome with characteristics of short broad hands and feet with brachydactyly associated with congenital flexion contractures of the proximal and/or distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers, as well as syndactyly of feet. Polydactyly, septate vagina and urinary incontinence were also occasionally reported. Camptobrachydactyly has been described in 18 members of 1 family, suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1972.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/349399">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_350678"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis- oculomotor limitation-electroretinal anomalies syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350678</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1862472</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distal arthrogryposis type 5 is distinguished from other forms of DA by the presence of ocular abnormalities, typically ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and/or strabismus, in addition to contractures of the skeletal muscles. Some cases have been reported to have pulmonary hypertension as a result of restrictive lung disease (summary by Bamshad et al., 2009).&#13; There are 2 syndromes with features overlapping those of DA5 that are also caused by heterozygous mutation in PIEZO2: distal arthrogryposis type 3 (DA3, or Gordon syndrome; 114300) and Marden-Walker syndrome (MWKS; 248700), which are distinguished by the presence of cleft palate and mental retardation, respectively. McMillin et al. (2014) suggested that the 3 disorders might represent variable expressivity of the same condition.&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of distal arthrogryposis, see DA1A (108120).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Distal Arthrogryposis 5&#13; A subtype of DA5 due to mutation in the ECEL1 gene (605896) on chromosome 2q36 has been designated DA5D (615065). See NOMENCLATURE.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350678">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_816342"><div><strong>Rienhoff syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>816342</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3810012</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/816342">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841089"><div><strong>Congenital myopathy 22A, classic</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841089</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830453</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic congenital myopathy-22A (CMYO22A) is an autosomal recessive muscle disorder characterized by onset of muscle weakness in utero or soon after birth. Early features may include fetal hypokinesia, breech presentation, and polyhydramnios. Affected individuals are born with severe hypotonia and require respiratory and feeding assistance. Those who survive the neonatal period show a 'classic' phenotype of congenital myopathy with delayed motor development, difficulty walking, proximal muscle weakness of the upper and lower limbs, facial and neck muscle weakness, easy fatigability, and mild limb contractures or foot deformities. Some have persistent respiratory insufficiency; dysmorphic facial features may be present (Zaharieva et al., 2016).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of congenital myopathy, see CMYO1A (117000).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841089">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1847896"><div><strong>Arthrogryposis, distal, type 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1847896</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5882704</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distal arthrogryposis type 12 (DA12) is characterized by congenital contractures, primarily affecting the small joints of the fingers and toes. Additional features include contractures of the knees and Achilles tendons, spinal stiffness, scoliosis, and orthodontic abnormalities. Radiographic investigations excluded bony abnormalities of the affected joints (Boschann et al., 2022).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of distal arthrogryposis, see DA1A (108120).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1847896">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_350678" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Arthrogryposis- oculomotor limitation-electroretinal anomalies syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349399" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Camptobrachydactyly</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_349226" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_67391" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital contractural arachnodactyly</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841089" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital myopathy 22A, classic</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_816342" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rienhoff syndrome</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35404199">Surgical Treatment of Camptodactyly with Malek Cutaneous Approach and Stepwise Release: A Retrospective Multi-centre Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Corain M,
Lando M,
Pantaleoni F,
Pozza P,
Giardini M,
Adani R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol</span>
2022 Apr;27(2):233-241.
Epub 2022 Mar 31
doi: 10.1142/S2424835522500308.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35404199" target="_blank">35404199</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35153164">Aggressive paediatric camptodactyly: The evolution of a proposed treatment algorithm.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Miranda BH,
Talwar C,
Horwitz MD,
Smith PJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg</span>
2022 Jun;75(6):1907-1915.
Epub 2022 Jan 22
doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.01.020.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35153164" target="_blank">35153164</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22875688">Management of knee deformities in children with arthrogryposis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lampasi M,
Antonioli D,
Donzelli O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Musculoskelet Surg</span>
2012 Dec;96(3):161-9.
Epub 2012 Aug 9
doi: 10.1007/s12306-012-0218-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22875688" target="_blank">22875688</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(congenital%20finger%20flexion%20contractures)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (6)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35698302">Single-stage Congenital Polysyndactyly Release: Outcomes and Long-term Followup.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nazerani S,
Nazerani T,
Keramati MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg</span>
2022 Dec 1;26(4):276-281.
doi: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000399.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35698302" target="_blank">35698302</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26505704">Soft-Tissue Surgery for Camptodactyly Corrects Skeletal Changes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Netscher DT,
Hamilton KL,
Paz L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
2015 Nov;136(5):1028-1035.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001711.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26505704" target="_blank">26505704</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18929201">Congenital flexion deformity of the long, ring, and little fingers with an aberrant origin of the flexor digitorum profundus: case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xiong G,
Sun Y,
Wang S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Am</span>
2008 Oct;33(8):1358-61.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.04.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18929201" target="_blank">18929201</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1572919">The windblown hand: correction of the complex clasped thumb deformity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McCarroll HR Jr,
Manske PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hand Clin</span>
1992 Feb;8(1):147-59.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1572919" target="_blank">1572919</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7328618">Complete trisomy 9 in two liveborn infants.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mantagos S,
McReynolds JW,
Seashore MR,
Breg WR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Genet</span>
1981 Oct;18(5):377-82.
doi: 10.1136/jmg.18.5.377.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7328618" target="_blank">7328618</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1048761" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20finger%20flexion%20contractures%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (21)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39544035">Camptodactyly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Takagi T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol</span>
2024 Dec;29(6):547-553.
Epub 2024 Nov 14
doi: 10.1142/S2424835524300032.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39544035" target="_blank">39544035</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34281749">Congenital Contracture of the Ulnar Digits and Its Differentiation From Ischemic Contracture.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xiong G,
Yongbin Gao,
Zhu J,
Guo W,
Sun J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Am</span>
2022 Jun;47(6):579.e1-579.e9.
Epub 2021 Jul 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.06.008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34281749" target="_blank">34281749</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25781058">Camptodactyly and knuckle pads coexisting in an adolescent boy: connection or coincidence?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Corbo MD,
Weinstein M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Dermatol</span>
2015 May-Jun;32(3):e126-7.
Epub 2015 Mar 17
doi: 10.1111/pde.12558.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25781058" target="_blank">25781058</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16740166">Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (Beals syndrome).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tunçbilek E,
Alanay Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2006 Jun 1;1:20.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-20.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16740166" target="_blank">16740166</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1524931" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/656159">Pathologic features of a familial arthropathy associated with congenital flexion contractures of fingers.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Athreya BH,
Schumacher HR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Rheum</span>
1978 May;21(4):429-37.
doi: 10.1002/art.1780210405.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/656159" target="_blank">656159</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20finger%20flexion%20contractures%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (32)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32656483">The Orthopaedic Management of Human Disorganization Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Smit K,
So J,
Schaeffer E,
Armstrong L,
Verchere C,
Mulpuri K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev</span>
2020 Jun;4(6)
Epub 2020 Jun 15
doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00059.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32656483" target="_blank">32656483</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7322784" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31904615">Progressing Flexion Deformity of the Middle, Ring, and Small Fingers With a Rare Congenital Anatomic Difference of Flexor Digitorum Profundus.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Li H,
Guan S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Orthop</span>
2020 Aug;40(7):e603-e608.
doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001485.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31904615" target="_blank">31904615</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24979511">Treatment of camptodactyly using injection of botulinum neurotoxin.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Urban M,
Rutowski R,
Urban J,
Mazurek P,
Kuliński S,
Gosk J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Adv Clin Exp Med</span>
2014 May-Jun;23(3):399-402.
doi: 10.17219/acem/37132.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24979511" target="_blank">24979511</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24683134">Secondary nerve lengthening to obtain full knee extension in popliteal pterygium syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Boeckx W,
Misani M,
Vandermeeren L,
Franck D,
Zirak C,
Demey A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Reconstr Microsurg</span>
2014 May;30(4):235-40.
Epub 2014 Mar 28
doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1354735.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24683134" target="_blank">24683134</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17993433">Wrist flexion contracture: an unusual complication following palmaris longus tendon harvest.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hattori Y,
Wahegaonkar A,
Addosooki A,
Doi K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Eur Vol</span>
2007 Dec;32(6):694-6.
Epub 2007 Aug 6
doi: 10.1016/J.JHSE.2007.06.007.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17993433" target="_blank">17993433</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20finger%20flexion%20contractures%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (5)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35698302">Single-stage Congenital Polysyndactyly Release: Outcomes and Long-term Followup.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nazerani S,
Nazerani T,
Keramati MR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg</span>
2022 Dec 1;26(4):276-281.
doi: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000399.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35698302" target="_blank">35698302</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26505704">Soft-Tissue Surgery for Camptodactyly Corrects Skeletal Changes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Netscher DT,
Hamilton KL,
Paz L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Plast Reconstr Surg</span>
2015 Nov;136(5):1028-1035.
doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001711.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26505704" target="_blank">26505704</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22875688">Management of knee deformities in children with arthrogryposis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lampasi M,
Antonioli D,
Donzelli O</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Musculoskelet Surg</span>
2012 Dec;96(3):161-9.
Epub 2012 Aug 9
doi: 10.1007/s12306-012-0218-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22875688" target="_blank">22875688</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18929201">Congenital flexion deformity of the long, ring, and little fingers with an aberrant origin of the flexor digitorum profundus: case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Xiong G,
Sun Y,
Wang S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Am</span>
2008 Oct;33(8):1358-61.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.04.013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18929201" target="_blank">18929201</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1572919">The windblown hand: correction of the complex clasped thumb deformity.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">McCarroll HR Jr,
Manske PR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hand Clin</span>
1992 Feb;8(1):147-59.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1572919" target="_blank">1572919</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20finger%20flexion%20contractures%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (17)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35193463">Paediatric Trigger-Locked Thumb.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fernandes C,
Dong K,
Rayan G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol</span>
2022 Feb;27(1):2-9.
Epub 2022 Feb 23
doi: 10.1142/S2424835522300018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35193463" target="_blank">35193463</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33436280">The Natural History of Pediatric Trigger Thumb in the United States.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hutchinson DT,
Rane AA,
Montanez A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Am</span>
2021 May;46(5):424.e1-424.e7.
Epub 2021 Jan 9
doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.10.016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33436280" target="_blank">33436280</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28277466">Early Results of Surgical Management of Camptodactyly.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Evans BT,
Waters PM,
Bae DS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Orthop</span>
2017 Jul/Aug;37(5):e317-e320.
doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000967.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28277466" target="_blank">28277466</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/16740166">Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (Beals syndrome).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tunçbilek E,
Alanay Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2006 Jun 1;1:20.
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-20.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/16740166" target="_blank">16740166</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1524931" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2348061">Treatment of the windblown hand.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wood VE,
Biondi J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hand Surg Am</span>
1990 May;15(3):431-8.
doi: 10.1016/0363-5023(90)90055-v.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2348061" target="_blank">2348061</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Congenital%20finger%20flexion%20contractures%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (18)</a></div></div>
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