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<meta name="keywords" content="C0265242, agnathia-holoprosencephaly, agnathia-holoprosencephaly-situs inversus syndrome, agnathia-otocephaly complex, agotc, congenital abnormality, dysgnathia complex, dysgnathia complex agnathia-holoprosencephaly, holoprosencephaly-agnathia, otocephalic syndrome, otocephalus, otocephaly, prrx1, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Agnathia-otocephaly (AGOTC) is a rare condition characterized by mandibular hypoplasia or agnathia, ventromedial auricular malposition (melotia) and/or auricular fusion (synotia), and microstomia with oroglossal hypoplasia or aglossia. Holoprosencephaly is the most commonly identified association, but skeletal, genitourinary, and cardiovascular anomalies, and situs inversus have been reported. The disorder is almost always lethal (review by Faye-Petersen et al., 2006)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=78541
ConceptID=C0265242
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 6--><div class="ncbi_carousel" data-ncbicarousel-config="imageWidth:'100px',numItemsVisible:2,toggler:false"><div class="nc_header"><span class="img_strip_title">Images (6)</span></div><div class="nc_content"><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image006.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image006.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1530/figure/hpe-overview.F6/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image001.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image001.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1530/figure/hpe-overview.F1/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image004.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image004.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1530/figure/hpe-overview.F4/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image002.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image002.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1530/figure/hpe-overview.F2/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image005.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image005.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1530/figure/hpe-overview.F5/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div><div class="nc_item"><a class="figpopup"><img alt="Image from GeneReviews" src="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image003.gif" src-large="/books/NBK1530/bin/hpe-overview-Image003.jpg" /></a><br /><a href="/books/NBK1530/figure/hpe-overview.F3/" title="GeneReviews" target="_blank">details</a></div></div></div><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Agnathia-otocephaly complex<span class="h1sub">(AGOTC)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78541</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0265242</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Agnathia-holoprosencephaly; Dysgnathia complex; DYSGNATHIA COMPLEX AGNATHIA-HOLOPROSENCEPHALY; OTOCEPHALY</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Otocephalic syndrome (48180002); Otocephaly (48180002); Otocephalus (48180002)</td></tr>
<tr><td>Modes of inheritance:</td>
<td>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141025"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141025</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0441748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).</div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_141047"><div><strong>Autosomal dominant inheritance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141047</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0443147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Intellectual Product</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.</div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="moi_988794"><div><strong>Not genetically inherited</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>988794</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN307044</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Source: Orphanet</div>
<div class="spaceAbove">clinical entity without genetic inheritance.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/988794">This record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141025" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_141047" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal dominant inheritance</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#moi_988794" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Not genetically inherited</a><span> (Orphanet)</span></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="PRRX1 - ID: 5396 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/5396" class="medgenPMinfo">PRRX1</a> (1q24.2)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0008740" target="_blank">MONDO:0008740</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/202650" target="_blank">202650</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=990">ORPHA990</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Agnathia-otocephaly (AGOTC) is a rare condition characterized by mandibular hypoplasia or agnathia, ventromedial auricular malposition (melotia) and/or auricular fusion (synotia), and microstomia with oroglossal hypoplasia or aglossia. Holoprosencephaly is the most commonly identified association, but skeletal, genitourinary, and cardiovascular anomalies, and situs inversus have been reported. The disorder is almost always lethal (review by Faye-Petersen et al., 2006). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_91034"><div><strong>Atrial septal defect, ostium secundum type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>91034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0344724</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A kind of atrial septum defect arising from an enlarged foramen ovale, inadequate growth of the septum secundum, or excessive absorption of the septum primum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/91034">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Atrial%20septal%20defect%2C%20ostium%20secundum%20type%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2091034%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1642262"><div><strong>Situs inversus</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1642262</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551493</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A left-right reversal (or mirror reflection) of the anatomical location of the major thoracic and abdominal organs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1642262">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Situs%20inversus%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201642262%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_9163"><div><strong>Conductive hearing impairment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>9163</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0018777</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear leading to impairment of sensory perception of sound.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/9163">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Conductive%20hearing%20impairment%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%209163%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_451028"><div><strong>Synotia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>451028</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0266677</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A congenital malformation characterized by the union or approximation of the ears in front of the neck, often accompanied by the absence or defective development of the lower jaw.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/451028">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Synotia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20451028%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_38214"><div><strong>Holoprosencephaly sequence</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>38214</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0079541</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly is an abnormality of brain development that also affects the head and face. Normally, the brain divides into two halves (hemispheres) during early development. Holoprosencephaly occurs when the brain fails to divide properly into the right and left hemispheres. This condition is called nonsyndromic to distinguish it from other types of holoprosencephaly caused by genetic syndromes, chromosome abnormalities, or substances that cause birth defects (teratogens). The severity of nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly varies widely among affected individuals, even within the same family.\n\nNonsyndromic holoprosencephaly can be grouped into four types according to the degree of brain division. From most to least severe, the types are known as alobar, semi-lobar, lobar, and middle interhemispheric variant (MIHV). In the most severe forms of nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly, the brain does not divide at all. These affected individuals have one central eye (cyclopia) and a tubular nasal structure (proboscis) located above the eye. Most babies with severe nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly die before birth or soon after. In the less severe forms, the brain is partially divided and the eyes are usually set close together (hypotelorism). The life expectancy of these affected individuals varies depending on the severity of symptoms.\n\nPeople with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly often have a small head (microcephaly), although they can develop a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus) that causes increased head size (macrocephaly). Other features may include an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate) with or without a split in the upper lip (cleft lip), one central front tooth instead of two (a single maxillary central incisor), and a flat nasal bridge. The eyeballs may be abnormally small (microphthalmia) or absent (anophthalmia).\n\nSome individuals with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly have a distinctive pattern of facial features, including a narrowing of the head at the temples, outside corners of the eyes that point upward (upslanting palpebral fissures), large ears, a short nose with upturned nostrils, and a broad and deep space between the nose and mouth (philtrum). In general, the severity of facial features is directly related to the severity of the brain abnormalities. However, individuals with mildly affected facial features can have severe brain abnormalities. Some people do not have apparent structural brain abnormalities but have some of the facial features associated with this condition. These individuals are considered to have a form of the disorder known as microform holoprosencephaly and are typically identified after the birth of a severely affected family member.\n\nMost people with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly have developmental delay and intellectual disability. Affected individuals also frequently have a malfunctioning pituitary gland, which is a gland located at the base of the brain that produces several hormones. Because pituitary dysfunction leads to the partial or complete absence of these hormones, it can cause a variety of disorders. Most commonly, people with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly and pituitary dysfunction develop diabetes insipidus, a condition that disrupts the balance between fluid intake and urine excretion. Dysfunction in other parts of the brain can cause seizures, feeding difficulties, and problems regulating body temperature, heart rate, and breathing. The sense of smell may be diminished (hyposmia) or completely absent (anosmia) if the part of the brain that processes smells is underdeveloped or missing.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/38214">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Holoprosencephaly%20sequence%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2038214%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_104498"><div><strong>Corpus callosum, agenesis of</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>104498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600).&#13; Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/104498">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corpus%20callosum%2C%20agenesis%20of%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20104498%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44428"><div><strong>Micrognathia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44428</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025990</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44428">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Micrognathia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044428%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_672709"><div><strong>Mandibular aplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>672709</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0685776</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of the mandible.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/672709">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Mandibular%20aplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20672709%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78574"><div><strong>Pulmonary hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78574</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265783</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A congenital abnormality in which the lung parenchyma is not fully developed. It may be associated with other congenital abnormalities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78574">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pulmonary%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078574%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96567"><div><strong>Laryngeal hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96567</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431527</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Underdevelopment of the larynx.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96567">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Laryngeal%20hypoplasia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096567%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96907"><div><strong>Respiratory distress</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96907</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0476273</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96907">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Respiratory%20distress%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096907%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_215296"><div><strong>Tracheomalacia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>215296</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0948187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital tracheomalacia is a rare condition where the trachea is soft and flexible causing the tracheal wall to collapse when exhaling, coughing or crying, that usually presents in infancy, and that is characterized by stridor and noisy breathing or upper respiratory infections. Tracheomalacia improves by the age of 18-24 months.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/215296">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tracheomalacia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20215296%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_235600"><div><strong>Hypoplasia of the epiglottis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>235600</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1396772</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypoplasia of the epiglottis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/235600">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypoplasia%20of%20the%20epiglottis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20235600%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10029"><div><strong>Microglossia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10029</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0025988</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Decreased length and width of the tongue.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10029">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microglossia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010029%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44435"><div><strong>Narrow mouth</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44435</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026034</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44435">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Narrow%20mouth%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044435%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_57859"><div><strong>Aglossia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>57859</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0158663</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Absence of the tongue owing to a developmental abnormality.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/57859">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aglossia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2057859%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98391"><div><strong>Downslanted palpebral fissures</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98391</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0423110</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98391">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Downslanted%20palpebral%20fissures%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098391%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_140869"><div><strong>Wide nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>140869</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426421</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Interalar distance more than two standard deviations above the mean for age, i.e., an apparently increased width of the nasal base and alae.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/140869">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20140869%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_756015"><div><strong>Cleft palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>756015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2981150</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/756015">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cleft%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20756015%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_6936"><div><strong>Polyhydramnios</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>6936</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0020224</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of excess amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/6936">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Polyhydramnios%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%206936%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1370071"><div><strong>Abnormality of the eye</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1370071</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4316870</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any abnormality of the eye, including location, spacing, and intraocular abnormalities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1370071">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Abnormality%20of%20the%20eye%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201370071%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_57859" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aglossia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_756015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cleft palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98391" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Downslanted palpebral fissures</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10029" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microglossia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44435" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Narrow mouth</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_140869" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide nose</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_6936" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Polyhydramnios</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the cardiovascular system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_91034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial septal defect, ostium secundum type</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1642262" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Situs inversus</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the eye</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1370071" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Abnormality of the eye</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_672709" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mandibular aplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44428" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Micrognathia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_104498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corpus callosum, agenesis of</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_38214" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Holoprosencephaly sequence</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the respiratory system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_235600" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypoplasia of the epiglottis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96567" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Laryngeal hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78574" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pulmonary hypoplasia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96907" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Respiratory distress</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_215296" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tracheomalacia</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_9163" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Conductive hearing impairment</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_451028" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Synotia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0079541[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=38214">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=38214" target="_blank" href="/omim/236100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=38214">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=38214" ref="ncbi_uid=38214">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/38214" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=38214&amp;link_uid=38214" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly sequence'">Holoprosencephaly sequence</a></span><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0265242[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=78541">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=78541" target="_blank" href="/omim/167420">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=78541">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=78541" ref="ncbi_uid=78541">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Agnathia-otocephaly complex</span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2675857[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=382704">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=382704" target="_blank" href="/omim/612530">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=382704" ref="ncbi_uid=382704">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/382704" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=382704&amp;link_uid=382704" title="View MedGen record for 'Chromosome 1q41-q42 deletion syndrome'">Chromosome 1q41-q42 deletion syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1845146[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=335111">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=335111" target="_blank" href="/omim/136350">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1530%20OR%20NBK349073)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=335111">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=335111" ref="ncbi_uid=335111">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335111" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=335111&amp;link_uid=335111" title="View MedGen record for 'Hartsfield-Bixler-Demyer syndrome'">Hartsfield-Bixler-Demyer syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0266667[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=78617">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=78617" target="_blank" href="/omim/236100">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=78617">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=78617" ref="ncbi_uid=78617">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/78617" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=78617&amp;link_uid=78617" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 1'">Holoprosencephaly 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1834877[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=322517">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=322517" target="_blank" href="/omim/157170">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=322517">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=322517" ref="ncbi_uid=322517">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322517" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=322517&amp;link_uid=322517" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 2'">Holoprosencephaly 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1840529[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=327125">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=327125" target="_blank" href="/omim/142945">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=327125">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=327125" ref="ncbi_uid=327125">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/327125" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=327125&amp;link_uid=327125" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 3'">Holoprosencephaly 3</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1840528[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=374488">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=374488" target="_blank" href="/omim/142946">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=374488">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=374488" ref="ncbi_uid=374488">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/374488" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=374488&amp;link_uid=374488" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 4'">Holoprosencephaly 4</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1864827[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=355304">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=355304" target="_blank" href="/omim/603073">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=355304">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=355304" ref="ncbi_uid=355304">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/355304" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=355304&amp;link_uid=355304" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 5'">Holoprosencephaly 5</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1853830[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=342979">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=342979" target="_blank" href="/omim/605934">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=342979">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/342979" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=342979&amp;link_uid=342979" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 6'">Holoprosencephaly 6</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1835820[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=372134">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=372134" target="_blank" href="/omim/601309">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=372134">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=372134" ref="ncbi_uid=372134">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/372134" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=372134&amp;link_uid=372134" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 7'">Holoprosencephaly 7</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1836254[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=322873">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=322873" target="_blank" href="/omim/609408">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=322873">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322873" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=322873&amp;link_uid=322873" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 8'">Holoprosencephaly 8</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1835819[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=324369">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=324369" target="_blank" href="/omim/165230">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=324369">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=324369" ref="ncbi_uid=324369">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/324369" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=324369&amp;link_uid=324369" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly 9'">Holoprosencephaly 9</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=441620">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/441620" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=441620&amp;link_uid=441620" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly caudal dysgenesis'">Holoprosencephaly caudal dysgenesis</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=441187">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/441187" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=441187&amp;link_uid=441187" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly deletion 2p'">Holoprosencephaly deletion 2p</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=441188">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/441188" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=441188&amp;link_uid=441188" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly ectrodactyly cleft lip palate'">Holoprosencephaly ectrodactyly cleft lip palate</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=441189">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/441189" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=441189&amp;link_uid=441189" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly radial heart renal anomalies'">Holoprosencephaly radial heart renal anomalies</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=343987" target="_blank" href="/omim/610680">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=343987">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/343987" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=343987&amp;link_uid=343987" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly, recurrent infections, and monocytosis'">Holoprosencephaly, recurrent infections, and monocytosis</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=330464" target="_blank" href="/omim/601370">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=330464">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/330464" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=330464&amp;link_uid=330464" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly-craniosynostosis syndrome'">Holoprosencephaly-craniosynostosis syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=336097" target="_blank" href="/omim/306990">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=336097">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=336097" ref="ncbi_uid=336097">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/336097" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=336097&amp;link_uid=336097" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly-hypokinesia-congenital contractures syndrome'">Holoprosencephaly-hypokinesia-congenital contractures syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=340382" target="_blank" href="/omim/264480">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=340382">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/340382" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=340382&amp;link_uid=340382" title="View MedGen record for 'Holoprosencephaly-postaxial polydactyly syndrome'">Holoprosencephaly-postaxial polydactyly syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=343380" target="_blank" href="/omim/245552">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1530/" ref="ncbi_uid=343380">G</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/343380" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=343380&amp;link_uid=343380" title="View MedGen record for 'Lambotte syndrome'">Lambotte syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=CN120371[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=468539">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/468539" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=468539&amp;link_uid=468539" title="View MedGen record for 'NODAL-Related Holoprosencephaly'">NODAL-Related Holoprosencephaly</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871309" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of prenatal development or birth">Abnormality of prenatal development or birth</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1254" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Fetal anomaly">Fetal anomaly</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Agnathia-otocephaly complex</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10706365">Otocephaly: prenatal diagnosis of a new case and etiopathogenetic considerations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ibba RM,
Zoppi MA,
Floris M,
Putzolu M,
Monni G,
Todde PF,
Sardu G</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet</span>
2000 Feb 28;90(5):427-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10706365" target="_blank">10706365</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(agnathia-otocephaly%20complex)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37165610">Isolated Agnathia-Otocephaly Complex Diagnosed Prenatally for Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment: A Case Report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Suemitsu T,
Takesawa A,
Hosokawa M,
Mitani T,
Kadooka M,
Furusawa Y,
Kawataki M,
Dohi S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Case Rep</span>
2023 May 11;24:e939016.
doi: 10.12659/AJCR.939016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37165610" target="_blank">37165610</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10184467" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31955448">Prenatal ultrasound findings of holoprosencephaly spectrum: Unusual associations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">El-Dessouky SH,
Aboulghar MM,
Gaafar HM,
Abdella RM,
Sharaf MF,
Ateya MI,
Elarab AE,
Zidan WH,
Helal RM,
Aboelsaud SM,
Eid MM,
Abdel-Salam GMH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Prenat Diagn</span>
2020 Apr;40(5):565-576.
Epub 2020 Feb 10
doi: 10.1002/pd.5649.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31955448" target="_blank">31955448</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30171631">First-Trimester Diagnosis of Agnathia-Otocephaly Complex: A Series of 4 Cases and Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rodriguez N,
Casasbuenas A,
Andreeva E,
Odegova N,
Wong AE,
Sepulveda W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Ultrasound Med</span>
2019 Mar;38(3):805-809.
Epub 2018 Aug 31
doi: 10.1002/jum.14759.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30171631" target="_blank">30171631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26517463">Severe Agnathia-Otocephaly Complex: Surgical Management and Longitudinal Follow-up From Birth Through Adulthood.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Golinko MS,
Shetye P,
Flores RL,
Staffenberg DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2015 Nov;26(8):2387-92.
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000002150.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26517463" target="_blank">26517463</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Agnathia-otocephaly%20complex%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36217223">Free Fibula Flap for the Treatment of Agnathia in a 10-Year-Old With Severe Agnathia-Otocephaly Complex.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cohen O,
Morrison KA,
Jacobson A,
Levine J,
Staffenberg DA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Craniofac Surg</span>
2023 Jan-Feb 01;34(1):e67-e70.
Epub 2022 Oct 11
doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36217223" target="_blank">36217223</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32643087">Re-focusing on Agnathia-Otocephaly complex.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dubucs C,
Chassaing N,
Sergi C,
Aubert-Mucca M,
Attié-Bitach T,
Lacombe D,
Thauvin-Robinet C,
Arpin S,
Perez MJ,
Cabrol C,
Chen CP,
Aziza J,
Colin E,
Martinovic J,
Calvas P,
Plaisancié J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Oral Investig</span>
2021 Mar;25(3):1353-1362.
Epub 2020 Jul 9
doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03443-w.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32643087" target="_blank">32643087</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30756395">The location of the fetal ears: A hint for prenatal diagnosis of agnathia-otocephaly complex.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bijok J,
Kucińska-Chahwan A,
Gielniewska-Michalczyk L,
Massalska D,
Jakiel G,
Roszkowski T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Ultrasound</span>
2019 Jul;47(6):369-371.
Epub 2019 Feb 12
doi: 10.1002/jcu.22703.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30756395" target="_blank">30756395</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30171631">First-Trimester Diagnosis of Agnathia-Otocephaly Complex: A Series of 4 Cases and Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rodriguez N,
Casasbuenas A,
Andreeva E,
Odegova N,
Wong AE,
Sepulveda W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Ultrasound Med</span>
2019 Mar;38(3):805-809.
Epub 2018 Aug 31
doi: 10.1002/jum.14759.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30171631" target="_blank">30171631</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25589041">Agnathia-otocephaly complex and asymmetric velopharyngeal insufficiency due to an in-frame duplication in OTX2.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sergouniotis PI,
Urquhart JE,
Williams SG,
Bhaskar SS,
Black GC,
Lovell SC,
Whitby DJ,
Newman WG,
Clayton-Smith J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hum Genet</span>
2015 Apr;60(4):199-202.
Epub 2015 Jan 15
doi: 10.1038/jhg.2014.122.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25589041" target="_blank">25589041</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Agnathia-otocephaly%20complex%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (11)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18049088">Agnathia-otocephaly complex in a fetus with maternal use of topical 1% salicylate.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khan A,
Bourgeois J,
Mohide P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Dysmorphol</span>
2008 Jan;17(1):75-76.
doi: 10.1097/MCD.0b013e3282f16979.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/18049088" target="_blank">18049088</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Agnathia-otocephaly%20complex%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39697072">Otocephaly Diagnosed Prenatally: A Case Study of a Rare Congenital Defect.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Konukcu B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Res</span>
2024 Dec;116(12):e2421.
doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2421.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39697072" target="_blank">39697072</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37165610">Isolated Agnathia-Otocephaly Complex Diagnosed Prenatally for Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment: A Case Report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Suemitsu T,
Takesawa A,
Hosokawa M,
Mitani T,
Kadooka M,
Furusawa Y,
Kawataki M,
Dohi S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Case Rep</span>
2023 May 11;24:e939016.
doi: 10.12659/AJCR.939016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37165610" target="_blank">37165610</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10184467" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25589041">Agnathia-otocephaly complex and asymmetric velopharyngeal insufficiency due to an in-frame duplication in OTX2.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sergouniotis PI,
Urquhart JE,
Williams SG,
Bhaskar SS,
Black GC,
Lovell SC,
Whitby DJ,
Newman WG,
Clayton-Smith J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hum Genet</span>
2015 Apr;60(4):199-202.
Epub 2015 Jan 15
doi: 10.1038/jhg.2014.122.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25589041" target="_blank">25589041</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Agnathia-otocephaly%20complex%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (3)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39697072">Otocephaly Diagnosed Prenatally: A Case Study of a Rare Congenital Defect.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Konukcu B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Birth Defects Res</span>
2024 Dec;116(12):e2421.
doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2421.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39697072" target="_blank">39697072</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25589041">Agnathia-otocephaly complex and asymmetric velopharyngeal insufficiency due to an in-frame duplication in OTX2.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sergouniotis PI,
Urquhart JE,
Williams SG,
Bhaskar SS,
Black GC,
Lovell SC,
Whitby DJ,
Newman WG,
Clayton-Smith J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hum Genet</span>
2015 Apr;60(4):199-202.
Epub 2015 Jan 15
doi: 10.1038/jhg.2014.122.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25589041" target="_blank">25589041</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Agnathia-otocephaly%20complex%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
</div>
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<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
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<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
</div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0265242%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (5)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0265242%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (9)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0265242%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (2)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0265242%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (9)</a></total></li>
</ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/search?index=entry&amp;start=1&amp;limit=10&amp;sort=score%20desc&amp;field=number&amp;search=202650" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=990" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Agnathia-otocephaly%20complex" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(agnathia-otocephaly%20complex)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.diseaseinfosearch.org/Dysgnathia+Complex/2381" target="_blank">Genetic Alliance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.malacards.org/card/agnathia_otocephaly_complex" target="_blank">MalaCards</a></li><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&amp;query=Agnathia-otocephaly%20complex" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li><li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/9126/disease" target="_blank">NCATS Office of Rare Diseases Research (GARD)</a></li></ul></div>
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