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<meta name="keywords" content="3-methylglutaconic aciduria, 3-methylglutaconicaciduria, 3mga (3-methylglutaconic aciduria), C3696376, disease or syndrome, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An increased amount of 3-methylglutaconic acid in the urine." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=777186
ConceptID=C3696376
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>777186</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3696376</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria; 3mga (3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria)</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (237950009)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-related">Related genes:<img src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div id="target-gene-related" class="display-none">
Gene(s) associated with related conditions. For conditions<br />
in a hierarchy, the parent condition will list the genes<br />
associated with the children conditions.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" href="/gene/131118">DNAJC19</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/92609">TIMM50</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/84947">SERAC1</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/81570">CLPB</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/80207">OPA3</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/27429">HTRA2</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/6901">TAFAZZIN</a>, <a target="_blank" href="/gene/549">AUH</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0003535">HP:0003535</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0017359" target="_blank">MONDO:0017359</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span> Phenotypic series:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS250950" target="_blank">PS250950</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=289902">ORPHA289902</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An increased amount of 3-methylglutaconic acid in the urine. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C3696376[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=777186">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=777186" ref="ncbi_uid=777186">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria</span><ul><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0342727[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=90994">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=90994" target="_blank" href="/omim/250950">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=90994" ref="ncbi_uid=90994">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/90994" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=90994&amp;link_uid=90994" title="View MedGen record for '3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0574083[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=107893">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=107893" target="_blank" href="/omim/300394">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=(NBK1309%20OR%20NBK247162)%20AND%20gene%5Bbook%5D&amp;showtype=onebook" ref="ncbi_uid=107893">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=107893" ref="ncbi_uid=107893">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/107893" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=107893&amp;link_uid=107893" title="View MedGen record for '3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2'">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0574084[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=108273">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=108273" target="_blank" href="/omim/258501">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK1473/" ref="ncbi_uid=108273">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=108273" ref="ncbi_uid=108273">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/108273" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=108273&amp;link_uid=108273" title="View MedGen record for '3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 3'">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 3</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=344425" target="_blank" href="/omim/250951">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/344425" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=344425&amp;link_uid=344425" title="View MedGen record for '3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1857776[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=347542">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=347542" target="_blank" href="/omim/608977">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=347542" ref="ncbi_uid=347542">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/347542" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=347542&amp;link_uid=347542" title="View MedGen record for '3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4310650[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=934617">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=934617" target="_blank" href="/omim/606441">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=934617" ref="ncbi_uid=934617">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/934617" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=934617&amp;link_uid=934617" title="View MedGen record for '3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4540171[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1622927">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1622927" target="_blank" href="/omim/607381">O</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1622927" ref="ncbi_uid=1622927">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1622927" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1622927&amp;link_uid=1622927" title="View MedGen record for '3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 9'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 9</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4040739[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=873604">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=873604" target="_blank" href="/omim/614725">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK195853/" ref="ncbi_uid=873604">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=873604" ref="ncbi_uid=873604">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/873604" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=873604&amp;link_uid=873604" title="View MedGen record for '3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome</a></span></li><li class="TLclosed"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C5676893[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1810214">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet Ocolor" title="OMIM"><a ref="ncbi_uid=1810214" target="_blank" href="/omim/616254">O</a></span><span class="chiclet Gcolor" title="GeneReviews"><a target="_blank" href="/books/NBK396257/" ref="ncbi_uid=1810214">G</a></span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=1810214" ref="ncbi_uid=1810214">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1810214" ref="tree=GTR&amp;ncbi_uid=1810214&amp;link_uid=1810214" title="View MedGen record for '3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869020" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system physiology">Abnormality of the urinary system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871178" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of urine homeostasis">Abnormality of urine homeostasis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1785188" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine metabolite level">Abnormal urine metabolite level</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1671015" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal urine carboxylic acid level">Abnormal urine carboxylic acid level</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/90994" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/107893" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/108273" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 3">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 3</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/344425" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/347542" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/934617" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1622927" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 9">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 9</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/873604" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome">3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1810214" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB">3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_60012"><div><strong>Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>60012</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0205710</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">POLG-related disorders comprise a continuum of overlapping phenotypes that were clinically defined before the molecular basis was known. POLG-related disorders can therefore be considered an overlapping spectrum of disease presenting from early childhood to late adulthood. The age of onset broadly correlates with the clinical phenotype. In individuals with early-onset disease (prior to age 12 years), liver involvement, feeding difficulties, seizures, hypotonia, and muscle weakness are the most common clinical features. This group has the worst prognosis. In the juvenile/adult-onset form (age 12-40 years), disease is typically characterized by peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, seizures, stroke-like episodes, and, in individuals with longer survival, progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). This group generally has a better prognosis than the early-onset group. Late-onset disease (after age 40 years) is characterized by ptosis and PEO, with additional features such as peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and muscle weakness. This group overall has the best prognosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/60012">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_90994"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>90994</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0342727</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency is an inherited condition that causes neurological problems. Beginning in infancy to early childhood, children with this condition often have delayed development of mental and motor skills (psychomotor delay), speech delay, involuntary muscle cramping (dystonia), and spasms and weakness of the arms and legs (spastic quadriparesis). Affected individuals can also have optic atrophy, which is the breakdown (atrophy) of nerve cells that carry visual information from the eyes to the brain.\n\nIn some cases, signs and symptoms of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency begin in adulthood, often in a person's twenties or thirties. These individuals have damage to a type of brain tissue called white matter (leukoencephalopathy). This damage likely contributes to progressive problems with speech (dysarthria), difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), stiffness (spasticity), optic atrophy, and a decline in intellectual function (dementia).\n\nAffected individuals who show symptoms of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency in childhood often go on to develop leukoencephalopathy and other neurological problems in adulthood.\n\nAll people with 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency accumulate large amounts of a substance called 3-methylglutaconic acid in their body fluids. As a result, they have elevated levels of acid in their blood (metabolic acidosis) and excrete large amounts of acid in their urine (aciduria). 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency is one of a group of metabolic disorders that can be diagnosed by the presence of increased levels 3-methylglutaconic acid in urine (3-methylglutaconic aciduria). People with 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency also have high urine levels of another acid called 3-methylglutaric acid.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/90994">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_107893"><div><strong>3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>107893</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0574083</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Barth syndrome is characterized in affected males by cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, skeletal myopathy, prepubertal growth delay, and distinctive facial gestalt (most evident in infancy); not all features may be present in a given affected male. Cardiomyopathy, which is almost always present before age five years, is typically dilated cardiomyopathy with or without endocardial fibroelastosis or left ventricular noncompaction; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can also occur. Heart failure is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality; risk of arrhythmia and sudden death is increased. Neutropenia is most often associated with mouth ulcers, pneumonia, and sepsis. The nonprogressive myopathy predominantly affects the proximal muscles, and results in early motor delays. Prepubertal growth delay is followed by a postpubertal growth spurt with remarkable "catch-up" growth. Heterozygous females who have a normal karyotype are asymptomatic and have normal biochemical studies.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/107893">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_108273"><div><strong>3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108273</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0574084</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Costeff syndrome is characterized by optic atrophy and/or choreoathetoid movement disorder with onset before age ten years. Optic atrophy is associated with progressive decrease in visual acuity within the first years of life, sometimes associated with infantile-onset horizontal nystagmus. Most individuals have chorea, often severe enough to restrict ambulation. Some are confined to a wheelchair from an early age. Although most individuals develop spastic paraparesis, mild ataxia, and occasional mild cognitive deficit in their second decade, the course of the disease is relatively stable.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/108273">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347542"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347542</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857776</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type V (MGCA5) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of dilated or noncompaction cardiomyopathy in infancy or early childhood. Many patients die of cardiac failure. Other features include microcytic anemia, growth retardation, mild ataxia, mild muscle weakness, genital anomalies in males, and increased urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Some patients may have optic atrophy or delayed psychomotor development (summary by Davey et al., 2006 and Ojala et al., 2012).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (250950).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347542">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_395228"><div><strong>Sengers syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395228</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859317</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Sengers syndrome is an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, exercise intolerance, and lactic acidosis. Mental development is normal, but affected individuals may die early from cardiomyopathy (summary by Mayr et al., 2012). Skeletal muscle biopsies of 2 affected individuals showed severe mtDNA depletion (Calvo et al., 2012).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395228">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_477906"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>477906</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3276276</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A distinct group of inborn defects of complex V (ATP synthase) is represented by the enzyme deficiency due to nuclear genome mutations characterized by a selective inhibition of ATP synthase biogenesis. Biochemically, the patients show a generalized decrease in the content of ATP synthase complex which is less than 30% of normal. Most cases present with neonatal-onset hypotonia, lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Many patients die within a few months or years (summary by Mayr et al., 2010).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Mitochondrial Complex V Deficiency&#13; Other nuclear types of mitochondrial complex V deficiency include MC5DN2 (614052), caused by mutation in the TMEM70 gene (612418) on chromosome 8q21; MC5DN3 (614053), caused by mutation in the ATP5E gene (ATP5F1E; 606153) on chromosome 20q13; MC5DN4A (620358) and MC5DN4B (615228), both caused by mutation in the ATP5A1 gene (ATP5F1A; 164360) on chromosome 18q; MC5DN5 (618120), caused by mutation in the ATP5D gene (ATP5F1D; 603150) on chromosome 19p13; MC5DN6 (618683), caused by mutation in the USMG5 gene (ATP5MD; 615204) on chromosome 10q24; and MC5DN7 (620359), caused by mutation in the ATP5PO gene (600828) on chromosome 21q22.&#13; Mutations in the mitochondrial-encoded MTATP6 (516060) and MTATP8 (516070) genes can also cause mitochondrial complex V deficiency (see, e.g., 500015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/477906">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481329"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481329</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279699</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial encephalo-cardio-myopathy due to &lt;i&gt;TMEM70&lt;/i&gt; mutation is characterized by early neonatal onset of hypotonia, hypetrophic cardiomyopathy and apneic spells within hours after birth accompanied by lactic acidosis, hyperammonemia and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481329">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481338"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481338</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3279708</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 3 (MC5DN3) is an autosomal recessive disorder with variable manifestations. Affected individuals present soon after birth or in early infancy with hypotonia, respiratory distress, and poor sucking. They have global developmental delay with mildly impaired intellectual disability. Additional features may include dystonia, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and seizures. Congenital cataracts, hearing impairment, and mild left cardiac ventricular hypertrophy have been reported in 1 patient each. Laboratory studies show increased lactate; some patients have hyperammonemia, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, and hyperCKemia (Mayr et al., 2010; Zech et al., 2022).&#13; For a general phenotypic description of the nuclear type of mitochondrial complex V deficiency and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex V deficiency, see 604273.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481338">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815229"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 4B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815229</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3808899</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex V deficiency is a shortage (deficiency) of a protein complex called complex V or a loss of its function. Complex V is found in cell structures called mitochondria, which convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. Complex V is the last of five mitochondrial complexes that carry out a multistep process called oxidative phosphorylation, through which cells derive much of their energy.\n\nMitochondrial complex V deficiency can cause a wide variety of signs and symptoms affecting many organs and systems of the body, particularly the nervous system and the heart. The disorder can be life-threatening in infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals may have feeding problems, slow growth, low muscle tone (hypotonia), extreme fatigue (lethargy), and developmental delay. They tend to develop elevated levels of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), which can cause nausea, vomiting, weakness, and rapid breathing. High levels of ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia) can also occur in affected individuals, and in some cases result in abnormal brain function (encephalopathy) and damage to other organs.\n\nAnother common feature of mitochondrial complex V deficiency is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This condition is characterized by thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart (cardiac) muscle that can lead to heart failure. People with mitochondrial complex V deficiency may also have a characteristic pattern of facial features, including a high forehead, curved eyebrows, outside corners of the eyes that point downward (downslanting palpebral fissures), a prominent bridge of the nose, low-set ears, thin lips, and a small chin (micrognathia).\n\nSome people with mitochondrial complex V deficiency have groups of signs and symptoms that are classified as a specific syndrome. For example, mitochondrial complex V deficiency can cause a condition called neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP). NARP causes a variety of signs and symptoms chiefly affecting the nervous system. Beginning in childhood or early adulthood, most people with NARP experience numbness, tingling, or pain in the arms and legs (sensory neuropathy); muscle weakness; and problems with balance and coordination (ataxia). Many affected individuals also have cognitive impairment and an eye disorder called retinitis pigmentosa that causes vision loss.\n\nA condition called Leigh syndrome can also be caused by mitochondrial complex V deficiency. Leigh syndrome is characterized by progressive loss of mental and movement abilities (developmental or psychomotor regression) and typically results in death within 2 to 3 years after the onset of symptoms. Both NARP and Leigh syndrome can also have other causes.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815229">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815922"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815922</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809592</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">FBXL4-related encephalomyopathic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndrome is a multi-system disorder characterized primarily by congenital or early-onset lactic acidosis and growth failure, feeding difficulty, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Other neurologic manifestations can include seizures, movement disorders, ataxia, autonomic dysfunction, and stroke-like episodes. All affected individuals alive at the time they were reported (median age: 3.5 years) demonstrated significant developmental delay. Other findings can involve the heart (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart malformations, arrhythmias), liver (mildly elevated transaminases), eyes (cataract, strabismus, nystagmus, optic atrophy), hearing (sensorineural hearing loss), and bone marrow (neutropenia, lymphopenia). Survival varies; the median age of reported deaths was two years (range 2 days 75 months), although surviving individuals as old as 36 years have been reported. To date FBXL4-related mtDNA depletion syndrome has been reported in 50 individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815922">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_873604"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>873604</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4040739</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The phenotypic spectrum of SERAC1 deficiency comprises MEGD(H)EL syndrome (3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness-dystonia, [hepatopathy], encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome), juvenile-onset complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (in 1 consanguineous family), and adult-onset generalized dystonia (in 1 adult male). MEGD(H)EL syndrome is characterized in neonates by hypoglycemia and a sepsis-like clinical picture for which no infectious agent can be found. During the first year of life feeding problems, failure to thrive, and/or truncal hypotonia become evident; many infants experience (transient) liver involvement ranging from undulating transaminases to prolonged hyperbilirubinemia and near-fatal liver failure. By age two years progressive deafness, dystonia, and spasticity prevent further psychomotor development and/or result in loss of acquired skills. Affected children are completely dependent on care for all activities of daily living; speech is absent.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/873604">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934617"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934617</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310650</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MGCA8 is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting in death in infancy. Features include hypotonia, abnormal movements, respiratory insufficiency with apneic episodes, and lack of developmental progress, often with seizures. Brain imaging is variable, but may show progressive cerebral atrophy. Laboratory studies show increased serum lactate and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, suggesting a mitochondrial defect (summary by Mandel et al., 2016).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (250950).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934617">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1622927"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1622927</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4540171</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type IX (MGCA9) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset seizures, severely delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability. Patients have hypotonia or spasticity, and laboratory investigations show increased serum lactate and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, suggestive of a mitochondrial defect (summary by Shahrour et al., 2017).&#13; For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA type I (250950).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1622927">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648429"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 5 (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648429</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748269</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648429">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1675208"><div><strong>Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1675208</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193031</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-37 is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder apparent at birth or in the first months of life. Affected individuals have hypotonia, failure to thrive, and neurodegeneration with loss of developmental milestones, as well as liver dysfunction. Some patients may have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, loss of vision and hearing, and/or seizures. Mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction is apparent in liver and skeletal muscle tissue. Most patients die in childhood (summary by Zeharia et al., 2016).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, see COXPD1 (609060).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1675208">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1679560"><div><strong>Mitochondrial myopathy, episodic, with optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1679560</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5193223</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Episodic mitochondrial myopathy with or without optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy (MEOAL) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized mainly by childhood onset of progressive muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. Patients have episodic exacerbation, which may be associated with increased serum creatine kinase or lactic acid. Additional more variable features may include optic atrophy, reversible leukoencephalopathy, and later onset of a sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The disorder results from impaired formation of Fe-S clusters, which are essential cofactors for proper mitochondrial function (summary by Gurgel-Giannetti et al., 2018)</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1679560">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1779901"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1779901</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543254</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy (NDAXOA) is an autosomal dominant disorder with somewhat variable manifestations. Most affected individuals present in mid-adulthood with slowly progressive cerebellar and gait ataxia, optic atrophy, and myopathy or myalgia. Some patients may have a childhood history of neurologic features, including limited extraocular movements. Additional features can include cardiomyopathy, psychiatric disturbances, and peripheral sensory impairment (summary by Taylor et al., 1996 and Courage et al., 2017).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1779901">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1810214"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1810214</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676893</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">CLPB (caseinolytic peptidase B) deficiency is characterized by neurologic involvement and neutropenia, which can range from severe to mild. In severe CLPB deficiency, death usually occurs at a few months of age due to significant neonatal neurologic involvement (hyperekplexia or absence of voluntary movements, hypotonia or hypertonia, swallowing problems, respiratory insufficiency, and epilepsy) and severe neutropenia associated with life-threatening infections. Individuals with moderate CLPB deficiency present with neurologic abnormalities in infancy including hypotonia and feeding problems, and develop spasticity, a progressive movement disorder (ataxia, dystonia, and/or dyskinesia), epilepsy, and intellectual disability. Neutropenia is variable, but not life threatening. In those with mild CLPB deficiency there is no neurologic involvement, intellect is normal, neutropenia is mild and intermittent, and life expectancy is normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1810214">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1802793"><div><strong>Neutropenia, severe congenital, 9, autosomal dominant</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1802793</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676954</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia-9 (SCN9) is characterized by onset of neutropenia in the first years of life. Most patients have recurrent infections; bone marrow examination shows a myeloid maturation arrest. Rare patients may exhibit additional features such as seizures, learning difficulties, or cataracts, which are more commonly observed in patients with MGCA7 (616271). However, patients with SCN9 do not have 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, and most have normal neurologic function (Warren et al., 2022).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of severe congenital neutropenia, see SCN1 (202700).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1802793">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1813022"><div><strong>3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIA</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1813022</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676967</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (MGCA7) is an inborn error of metabolism characterized primarily by increased levels of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGA) associated with variable neurologic deficits and neutropenia. The phenotype is highly variable: most patients have infantile onset of a severe progressive encephalopathy with various movement abnormalities and delayed psychomotor development. Other common variable features include seizures, recurrent infections due to neutropenia, anemia, and brain imaging abnormalities (Wortmann et al., 2021).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, see MGCA1 (250950).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1813022">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1824013"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with multisystem involvement due to mitochondrial dysfunction</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1824013</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774240</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Childhood-onset neurodegeneration with multisystem involvement due to mitochondrial dysfunction (CONDMIM) is an autosomal recessive syndromic disorder characterized primarily by neurologic deficits. Patients show global developmental delay and variably impaired intellectual development with speech delay apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have hypotonia, poor feeding, poor overall growth, and respiratory distress early in life. Other features include visual impairment due to optic atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, and neuromuscular abnormalities. The severity is highly variable. The disorder is progressive; about half of patients show developmental regression with loss of previous skills. Features suggestive of a mitochondrial disorder include cataracts, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, and increased lactate. Some patients develop seizures, some have dysmorphic facial features, and some have nonspecific abnormalities on brain imaging. Death in childhood may occur (Kaiyrzhanov et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1824013">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_989503"><div><strong>Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>989503</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier assigned by MedGen (starting with CN) for terms&#10;that cannot be identified in NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">CN306977</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Individuals with NGLY1-related congenital disorder of deglycosylation (NGLY1-CDDG) typically display a clinical tetrad of developmental delay / intellectual disability in the mild to profound range, hypo- or alacrima, elevated liver transaminases that may spontaneously resolve in childhood, and a complex hyperkinetic movement disorder that can include choreiform, athetoid, dystonic, myoclonic, action tremor, and dysmetric movements. About half of affected individuals will develop clinical seizures. Other findings may include obstructive and/or central sleep apnea, oral motor defects that affect feeding ability, auditory neuropathy, constipation, scoliosis, and peripheral neuropathy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/989503">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_90994" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_107893" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_108273" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347542" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934617" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 8</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (23)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1622927" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_873604" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, encephalopathy, and Leigh-like syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1813022" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIA</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1810214" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VIIB</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1675208" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 37</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_989503" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital disorder of deglycosylation 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648429" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 5 (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481329" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481338" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815229" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency nuclear type 4B</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_477906" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815922" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 13</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1679560" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial myopathy, episodic, with optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1779901" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration with ataxia and late-onset optic atrophy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1824013" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with multisystem involvement due to mitochondrial dysfunction</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1802793" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neutropenia, severe congenital, 9, autosomal dominant</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_60012" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_395228" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sengers syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38591231">Impaired coenzyme A homeostasis in cardiac dysfunction and benefits of boosting coenzyme A production with vitamin B5 and its derivatives in the management of heart failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wedman JJ,
Sibon OCM,
Mastantuono E,
Iuso A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2024 Sep;47(5):885-894.
Epub 2024 Apr 9
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12737.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38591231" target="_blank">38591231</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33415565">Barth syndrome: cardiolipin, cellular pathophysiology, management, and novel therapeutic targets.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zegallai HM,
Hatch GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Cell Biochem</span>
2021 Mar;476(3):1605-1629.
Epub 2021 Jan 7
doi: 10.1007/s11010-020-04021-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33415565" target="_blank">33415565</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25111118">Genotype-based databases for variants causing rare diseases.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lanthaler B,
Wieser S,
Deutschmann A,
Schossig A,
Fauth C,
Zschocke J,
Witsch-Baumgartner M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gene</span>
2014 Oct 15;550(1):136-40.
Epub 2014 Aug 8
doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25111118" target="_blank">25111118</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%223-methylglutaconic%20aciduria%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Curated<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpCurated"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3><h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/C5-OH.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Newborn Screening ACT Sheet, Elevated C5-OH Acylcarnitine, Organic Acidemias, 2022</a></h3>
<h3 class="nl vspace"><a href="https://www.acmg.net/PDFLibrary/C5-OH-Elevated.pdf" target="_blank">American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Algorithm, Organic Acidemias: Elevated C5-OH, 2022</a></h3>
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<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38872485">Mitochondrial membrane synthesis, remodelling and cellular trafficking.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Messina M,
Vaz FM,
Rahman S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2025 Jan;48(1):e12766.
Epub 2024 Jun 14
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12766.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38872485" target="_blank">38872485</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11730691" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31626852">Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vamecq J,
Papegay B,
Nuyens V,
Boogaerts J,
Leo O,
Kruys V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biochimie</span>
2020 Jan;168:53-82.
Epub 2019 Oct 15
doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31626852" target="_blank">31626852</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23296368">Inborn errors of metabolism with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria as discriminative feature: proper classification and nomenclature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wortmann SB,
Duran M,
Anikster Y,
Barth PG,
Sperl W,
Zschocke J,
Morava E,
Wevers RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2013 Nov;36(6):923-8.
Epub 2013 Jan 8
doi: 10.1007/s10545-012-9580-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23296368" target="_blank">23296368</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20882351">The 3-methylglutaconic acidurias: what's new?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wortmann SB,
Kluijtmans LA,
Engelke UF,
Wevers RA,
Morava E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2012 Jan;35(1):13-22.
Epub 2010 Sep 30
doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9210-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20882351" target="_blank">20882351</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3249181" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10805169">Hypoglycemia in the neonate.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cornblath M,
Ichord R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Perinatol</span>
2000 Apr;24(2):136-49.
doi: 10.1053/sp.2000.6364.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10805169" target="_blank">10805169</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaconic%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (49)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35235340">SERAC1 is a component of the mitochondrial serine transporter complex required for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fang H,
Xie A,
Du M,
Li X,
Yang K,
Fu Y,
Yuan X,
Fan R,
Yu W,
Zhou Z,
Sang T,
Nie K,
Li J,
Zhao Q,
Chen Z,
Yang Y,
Hong C,
Lyu J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Transl Med</span>
2022 Mar 2;14(634):eabl6992.
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6992.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35235340" target="_blank">35235340</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32684373">MEGDEL Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Finsterer J,
Scorza FA,
Fiorini AC,
Scorza CA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Neurol</span>
2020 Sep;110:25-29.
Epub 2020 Jul 16
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.03.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32684373" target="_blank">32684373</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27290639">New perspective in diagnostics of mitochondrial disorders: two years' experience with whole-exome sequencing at a national paediatric centre.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pronicka E,
Piekutowska-Abramczuk D,
Ciara E,
Trubicka J,
Rokicki D,
Karkucińska-Więckowska A,
Pajdowska M,
Jurkiewicz E,
Halat P,
Kosińska J,
Pollak A,
Rydzanicz M,
Stawinski P,
Pronicki M,
Krajewska-Walasek M,
Płoski R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Transl Med</span>
2016 Jun 12;14(1):174.
doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-0930-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27290639" target="_blank">27290639</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4903158" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23296368">Inborn errors of metabolism with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria as discriminative feature: proper classification and nomenclature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wortmann SB,
Duran M,
Anikster Y,
Barth PG,
Sperl W,
Zschocke J,
Morava E,
Wevers RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2013 Nov;36(6):923-8.
Epub 2013 Jan 8
doi: 10.1007/s10545-012-9580-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23296368" target="_blank">23296368</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20882351">The 3-methylglutaconic acidurias: what's new?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wortmann SB,
Kluijtmans LA,
Engelke UF,
Wevers RA,
Morava E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2012 Jan;35(1):13-22.
Epub 2010 Sep 30
doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9210-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20882351" target="_blank">20882351</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3249181" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaconic%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (97)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39592976">Anaesthetic management of an infant with MEGD(H)EL syndrome undergoing cochlear implant.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ahmed N</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Anesthesiol</span>
2024 Nov 26;24(1):428.
doi: 10.1186/s12871-024-02812-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39592976" target="_blank">39592976</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11590200" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38591231">Impaired coenzyme A homeostasis in cardiac dysfunction and benefits of boosting coenzyme A production with vitamin B5 and its derivatives in the management of heart failure.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wedman JJ,
Sibon OCM,
Mastantuono E,
Iuso A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2024 Sep;47(5):885-894.
Epub 2024 Apr 9
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12737.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38591231" target="_blank">38591231</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25943188">Anesthesia and organic aciduria: is the use of lactated Ringer's solution absolutely contraindicated?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ruzkova K,
Weingarten TN,
Larson KJ,
Friedhoff RJ,
Gavrilov DK,
Sprung J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Paediatr Anaesth</span>
2015 Aug;25(8):807-817.
Epub 2015 May 5
doi: 10.1111/pan.12673.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25943188" target="_blank">25943188</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24485043">Persistent pulmonary arterial hypertension in the newborn (PPHN): a frequent manifestation of TMEM70 defective patients.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Catteruccia M,
Verrigni D,
Martinelli D,
Torraco A,
Agovino T,
Bonafé L,
D'Amico A,
Donati MA,
Adorisio R,
Santorelli FM,
Carrozzo R,
Bertini E,
Dionisi-Vici C</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Genet Metab</span>
2014 Mar;111(3):353-359.
Epub 2014 Jan 8
doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.01.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24485043" target="_blank">24485043</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11400757">Therapy of metabolic disorders with intravenous (IV) access ports and long term intravenous L-carnitine therapy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Winter S,
Birek L,
Walker T,
Phalin-Roque J,
Chandler MJ,
Field C,
Zorn E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health</span>
1999;30 Suppl 2:152-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11400757" target="_blank">11400757</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaconic%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/40033659">Altered Fibroblast Glutamine Metabolism Is Linked to the Severity of Cardiac Dysfunction in DCMA, a Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">King MA,
Heger KC,
Drikic M,
Mandwal A,
Khan A,
Sinasac DS,
Pittman K,
Huttlin EL,
Greenway SC,
Lewis IA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2025 Mar;48(2):e70018.
doi: 10.1002/jimd.70018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/40033659" target="_blank">40033659</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11876715" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33870938">Neuro-Ophthalmic Phenotype of OPA3.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Huna-Baron R,
Yahalom G,
Anikster Y,
Ben Zeev B,
Hoffmann C,
Hassin-Baer S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neuroophthalmol</span>
2022 Mar 1;42(1):e147-e152.
Epub 2021 Apr 14
doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001249.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33870938" target="_blank">33870938</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10805169">Hypoglycemia in the neonate.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cornblath M,
Ichord R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Perinatol</span>
2000 Apr;24(2):136-49.
doi: 10.1053/sp.2000.6364.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10805169" target="_blank">10805169</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7564252">Mitochondrial complex deficiencies in a male with cardiomyopathy and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Besley GT,
Lendon M,
Broadhead DM,
Till J,
Heptinstall LE,
Phillips B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
1995;18(2):221-3.
doi: 10.1007/BF00711772.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7564252" target="_blank">7564252</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7997421">Dilated cardiomyopathy with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Draaisma JM,
van Kesteren IC,
Daniëls O,
Sengers RC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Cardiol</span>
1994 Mar-Apr;15(2):89-90.
doi: 10.1007/BF00817615.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7997421" target="_blank">7997421</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaconic%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (53)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/40033659">Altered Fibroblast Glutamine Metabolism Is Linked to the Severity of Cardiac Dysfunction in DCMA, a Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">King MA,
Heger KC,
Drikic M,
Mandwal A,
Khan A,
Sinasac DS,
Pittman K,
Huttlin EL,
Greenway SC,
Lewis IA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2025 Mar;48(2):e70018.
doi: 10.1002/jimd.70018.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/40033659" target="_blank">40033659</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11876715" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38872485">Mitochondrial membrane synthesis, remodelling and cellular trafficking.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Messina M,
Vaz FM,
Rahman S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Inherit Metab Dis</span>
2025 Jan;48(1):e12766.
Epub 2024 Jun 14
doi: 10.1002/jimd.12766.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38872485" target="_blank">38872485</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11730691" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38142971">Mutations in DNAJC19 cause altered mitochondrial structure and increased mitochondrial respiration in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Janz A,
Walz K,
Cirnu A,
Surjanto J,
Urlaub D,
Leskien M,
Kohlhaas M,
Nickel A,
Brand T,
Nose N,
Wörsdörfer P,
Wagner N,
Higuchi T,
Maack C,
Dudek J,
Lorenz K,
Klopocki E,
Ergün S,
Duff HJ,
Gerull B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mol Metab</span>
2024 Jan;79:101859.
Epub 2023 Dec 23
doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101859.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38142971" target="_blank">38142971</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10792641" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37041140">Structural basis of impaired disaggregase function in the oxidation-sensitive SKD3 mutant causing 3-methylglutaconic aciduria.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee S,
Lee SB,
Sung N,
Xu WW,
Chang C,
Kim HE,
Catic A,
Tsai FTF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Commun</span>
2023 Apr 11;14(1):2028.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37657-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37041140" target="_blank">37041140</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10090083" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34115842">Heterozygous variants of CLPB are a cause of severe congenital neutropenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Warren JT,
Cupo RR,
Wattanasirakul P,
Spencer DH,
Locke AE,
Makaryan V,
Bolyard AA,
Kelley ML,
Kingston NL,
Shorter J,
Bellanné-Chantelot C,
Donadieu J,
Dale DC,
Link DC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Blood</span>
2022 Feb 3;139(5):779-791.
doi: 10.1182/blood.2021010762.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34115842" target="_blank">34115842</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8814677" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%223-Methylglutaconic%20aciduria%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (47)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3696376%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3696376%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (3)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C3696376%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (3)</a></total></li>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS250950" target="_blank">OMIM</a></li><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=289902" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=3-Methylglutaconic%20aciduria" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
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