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<meta name="keywords" content="C2586056, chronic atrial fibrillation, pathologic function, permanent atrial fibrillation, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Atrial fibrillation (AF) that cannot be successfully terminated by cardioversion, and longstanding (more than 1 year) AF, where cardioversion is not indicated or has not been attempted, is termed permanent." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
|
||
UID=750308
|
||
ConceptID=C2586056
|
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-->
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||
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Permanent atrial fibrillation</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>750308</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2586056</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonym:</td>
|
||
<td>Chronic atrial fibrillation</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Permanent atrial fibrillation (440028005)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004754">HP:0004754</a></td></tr>
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</tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Atrial fibrillation (AF) that cannot be successfully terminated by cardioversion, and longstanding (more than 1 year) AF, where cardioversion is not indicated or has not been attempted, is termed permanent. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C2586056[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical&redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=750308">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Permanent atrial fibrillation</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869166" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology">Abnormal cardiovascular system physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1393551" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of cardiovascular system electrophysiology">Abnormality of cardiovascular system electrophysiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2039" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Cardiac arrhythmia">Cardiac arrhythmia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/96544" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Supraventricular arrhythmia">Supraventricular arrhythmia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/39317" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Atrial arrhythmia">Atrial arrhythmia</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/445" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Atrial fibrillation">Atrial fibrillation</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Permanent atrial fibrillation</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
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||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373232"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373232</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1837014</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of atrial fibrillation, see 608583.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373232">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_354734"><div><strong>Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>354734</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1862387</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome is an extremely rare conduction disorder characterized by a short PR interval (less than or equal to 120 ms) with normal QRS complex on electrocardiogram associated with the occurrence of episodes of atrial tachyarrythmias (e.g. atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/354734">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_400041"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400041</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1862394</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of atrial fibrillation, see 608583.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400041">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_393658"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>393658</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2677106</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of atrial fibrillation, see 608583.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/393658">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_413472"><div><strong>Brugada syndrome 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413472</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2751088</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Brugada syndrome is characterized by cardiac conduction abnormalities (ST segment abnormalities in leads V1-V3 on EKG and a high risk for ventricular arrhythmias) that can result in sudden death. Brugada syndrome presents primarily during adulthood, although age at diagnosis may range from infancy to late adulthood. The mean age of sudden death is approximately 40 years. Clinical presentations may also include sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS; death of a child during the first year of life without an identifiable cause) and sudden unexpected nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS), a typical presentation in individuals from Southeast Asia. Other conduction defects can include first-degree AV block, intraventricular conduction delay, right bundle branch block, and sick sinus syndrome.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/413472">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462083"><div><strong>Long QT syndrome 13</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462083</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3150733</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital long QT syndrome is electrocardiographically characterized by a prolonged QT interval and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias (torsade de pointes). These cardiac arrhythmias may result in recurrent syncope, seizure, or sudden death (Jongbloed et al., 1999). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of long QT syndrome, see LQT1 (192500).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462083">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462781"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462781</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3151431</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of atrial fibrillation, see 608583.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462781">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462814"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3151464</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, affecting more than 2 million Americans, with an overall prevalence of 0.89%. The prevalence increases rapidly with age, to 2.3% between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and to 5.9% over the age of 65. The most dreaded complication is thromboembolic stroke (Brugada et al., 1997). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of atrial fibrillation, see 608583.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462814">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934603"><div><strong>Atrial fibrillation, familial, 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934603</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310636</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial atrial fibrillation is an inherited abnormality of the heart's normal rhythm. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by episodes of uncoordinated electrical activity (fibrillation) in the heart's upper chambers (the atria), which cause a fast and irregular heartbeat. If untreated, this abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) can lead to dizziness, chest pain, a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), shortness of breath, or fainting (syncope). Atrial fibrillation also increases the risk of stroke and sudden death. Complications of atrial fibrillation can occur at any age, although some people with this heart condition never experience any health problems associated with the disorder.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934603">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934716"><div><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 26</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934716</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310749</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial cardiomyopathy caused by mutation in the FLNC gene has been described as hypertrophic, restrictive, dilated, or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Affected individuals, especially those with dilated cardiomyopathy, are at risk for arrhythmias and sudden death. Arrhythmias without cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular noncompaction, have also been reported (Ortiz-Genga et al., 2016; Verdonschot et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934716">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 10</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934603" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 18</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_373232" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_400041" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 4</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_393658" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 7</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (10)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462781" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Atrial fibrillation, familial, 9</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_413472" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brugada syndrome 7</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934716" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 26</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462083" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long QT syndrome 13</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_354734" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28960089">Efficacy and safety of dronedarone in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Khan MH,
|
||
Rochlani Y,
|
||
Aronow WS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Expert Opin Drug Saf</span>
|
||
2017 Dec;16(12):1407-1412.
|
||
Epub 2017 Oct 6
|
||
doi: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1387246.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28960089" target="_blank">28960089</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23633548">Dronedarone for the treatment of non-permanent atrial fibrillation: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Camm AJ,
|
||
Savelieva I</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Heart</span>
|
||
2013 Oct;99(20):1476-80.
|
||
Epub 2013 Apr 30
|
||
doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-3013-303863.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23633548" target="_blank">23633548</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/5095935">Treatment of refractory supraventricular arrhythmias with induced permanent atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cohen HE,
|
||
Meltzer LE,
|
||
Lattimer G,
|
||
Linares H,
|
||
Agrin R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Cardiol</span>
|
||
1971 Oct;28(4):472-4.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(71)90013-0.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/5095935" target="_blank">5095935</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22permanent%20atrial%20fibrillation%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37722560">Deciphering mechanisms of cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocyte transformation in myocardial remodeling of permanent atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sheng Y,
|
||
Wang YY,
|
||
Chang Y,
|
||
Ye D,
|
||
Wu L,
|
||
Kang H,
|
||
Zhang X,
|
||
Chen X,
|
||
Li B,
|
||
Zhu D,
|
||
Zhang N,
|
||
Zhao H,
|
||
Chen A,
|
||
Chen H,
|
||
Jia P,
|
||
Song J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Adv Res</span>
|
||
2024 Jul;61:101-117.
|
||
Epub 2023 Sep 16
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.012.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37722560" target="_blank">37722560</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11258668" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33351042">Effect of Digoxin vs Bisoprolol for Heart Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation on Patient-Reported Quality of Life: The RATE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kotecha D,
|
||
Bunting KV,
|
||
Gill SK,
|
||
Mehta S,
|
||
Stanbury M,
|
||
Jones JC,
|
||
Haynes S,
|
||
Calvert MJ,
|
||
Deeks JJ,
|
||
Steeds RP,
|
||
Strauss VY,
|
||
Rahimi K,
|
||
Camm AJ,
|
||
Griffith M,
|
||
Lip GYH,
|
||
Townend JN,
|
||
Kirchhof P;
|
||
Rate Control Therapy Evaluation in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation (RATE-AF) Team</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
|
||
2020 Dec 22;324(24):2497-2508.
|
||
doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.23138.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33351042" target="_blank">33351042</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7756234" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32854840">Atrial Dysfunction in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Atrial Fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reddy YNV,
|
||
Obokata M,
|
||
Verbrugge FH,
|
||
Lin G,
|
||
Borlaug BA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Cardiol</span>
|
||
2020 Sep 1;76(9):1051-1064.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.009.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32854840" target="_blank">32854840</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7455760" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20231232">Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Van Gelder IC,
|
||
Groenveld HF,
|
||
Crijns HJ,
|
||
Tuininga YS,
|
||
Tijssen JG,
|
||
Alings AM,
|
||
Hillege HL,
|
||
Bergsma-Kadijk JA,
|
||
Cornel JH,
|
||
Kamp O,
|
||
Tukkie R,
|
||
Bosker HA,
|
||
Van Veldhuisen DJ,
|
||
Van den Berg MP;
|
||
RACE II Investigators</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
||
2010 Apr 15;362(15):1363-73.
|
||
Epub 2010 Mar 15
|
||
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001337.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20231232" target="_blank">20231232</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17309423">Atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Medi C,
|
||
Hankey GJ,
|
||
Freedman SB</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med J Aust</span>
|
||
2007 Feb 19;186(4):197-202.
|
||
doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00862.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17309423" target="_blank">17309423</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Permanent%20atrial%20fibrillation%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (461)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33314221">Type of atrial fibrillation and outcomes in patients without oral anticoagulants.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ren J,
|
||
Yang Y,
|
||
Zhu J,
|
||
Wu S,
|
||
Wang J,
|
||
Zhang H,
|
||
Shao X,
|
||
Lyu S</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Cardiol</span>
|
||
2021 Feb;44(2):168-175.
|
||
Epub 2020 Dec 12
|
||
doi: 10.1002/clc.23519.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33314221" target="_blank">33314221</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7852164" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33161524">Atrial fibrillation pattern and factors affecting the progression to permanent atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Malavasi VL,
|
||
Fantecchi E,
|
||
Tordoni V,
|
||
Melara L,
|
||
Barbieri A,
|
||
Vitolo M,
|
||
Lip GYH,
|
||
Boriani G</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Intern Emerg Med</span>
|
||
2021 Aug;16(5):1131-1140.
|
||
Epub 2020 Nov 7
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02551-5.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33161524" target="_blank">33161524</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32421417">Wide QRS Complexes in an Asymptomatic Elderly Man With Permanent Atrial Fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Takasugi N,
|
||
Kubota T,
|
||
Okura H</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
|
||
2020 May 19;141(20):1656-1661.
|
||
Epub 2020 May 18
|
||
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046266.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32421417" target="_blank">32421417</a></div>
|
||
|
||
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Crijns HJ,
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Tuininga YS,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20231232" target="_blank">20231232</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17309423">Atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Medi C,
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37722560">Deciphering mechanisms of cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocyte transformation in myocardial remodeling of permanent atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
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Wu L,
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Zhang X,
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Zhao H,
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37722560" target="_blank">37722560</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11258668" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32854840">Atrial Dysfunction in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Atrial Fibrillation.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reddy YNV,
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Obokata M,
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Lin G,
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||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32421417">Wide QRS Complexes in an Asymptomatic Elderly Man With Permanent Atrial Fibrillation.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Takasugi N,
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Kubota T,
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Okura H</span><br />
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Epub 2020 May 18
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24530215">β-Blockers and atrial fibrillation: hypertension and other medical conditions influencing their use.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dorian P,
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Angaran P</span><br />
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2014 May;30(5 Suppl):S38-41.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24530215" target="_blank">24530215</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20231232">Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Van Gelder IC,
|
||
Groenveld HF,
|
||
Crijns HJ,
|
||
Tuininga YS,
|
||
Tijssen JG,
|
||
Alings AM,
|
||
Hillege HL,
|
||
Bergsma-Kadijk JA,
|
||
Cornel JH,
|
||
Kamp O,
|
||
Tukkie R,
|
||
Bosker HA,
|
||
Van Veldhuisen DJ,
|
||
Van den Berg MP;
|
||
RACE II Investigators</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">N Engl J Med</span>
|
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2010 Apr 15;362(15):1363-73.
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Epub 2010 Mar 15
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doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001337.
|
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20231232" target="_blank">20231232</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Permanent%20atrial%20fibrillation%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (301)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37722560">Deciphering mechanisms of cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocyte transformation in myocardial remodeling of permanent atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sheng Y,
|
||
Wang YY,
|
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Chang Y,
|
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Ye D,
|
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Wu L,
|
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Kang H,
|
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Zhang X,
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||
Chen X,
|
||
Li B,
|
||
Zhu D,
|
||
Zhang N,
|
||
Zhao H,
|
||
Chen A,
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Chen H,
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Jia P,
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Song J</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Adv Res</span>
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2024 Jul;61:101-117.
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Epub 2023 Sep 16
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doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.012.
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||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37722560" target="_blank">37722560</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11258668" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33351042">Effect of Digoxin vs Bisoprolol for Heart Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation on Patient-Reported Quality of Life: The RATE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kotecha D,
|
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Bunting KV,
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Gill SK,
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Mehta S,
|
||
Stanbury M,
|
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Jones JC,
|
||
Haynes S,
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||
Calvert MJ,
|
||
Deeks JJ,
|
||
Steeds RP,
|
||
Strauss VY,
|
||
Rahimi K,
|
||
Camm AJ,
|
||
Griffith M,
|
||
Lip GYH,
|
||
Townend JN,
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Kirchhof P;
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Rate Control Therapy Evaluation in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation (RATE-AF) Team</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">JAMA</span>
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2020 Dec 22;324(24):2497-2508.
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doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.23138.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33351042" target="_blank">33351042</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7756234" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32421417">Wide QRS Complexes in an Asymptomatic Elderly Man With Permanent Atrial Fibrillation.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Takasugi N,
|
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Kubota T,
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Okura H</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Circulation</span>
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2020 May 19;141(20):1656-1661.
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Epub 2020 May 18
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32421417" target="_blank">32421417</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27875476">Pacing to prevent atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chutani SK,
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Shah AN,
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Kantharia BK</span><br />
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27875476" target="_blank">27875476</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17309423">Atrial fibrillation.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Medi C,
|
||
Hankey GJ,
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Freedman SB</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med J Aust</span>
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doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb00862.x.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17309423" target="_blank">17309423</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Permanent%20atrial%20fibrillation%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (312)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
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||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39120658">Systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact on outcomes of device algorithms for minimizing right ventricular pacing.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mei DA,
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Imberti JF,
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Vitolo M,
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Bonini N,
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Serafini K,
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Mantovani M,
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Tartaglia E,
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Birtolo C,
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Zuin M,
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Bertini M,
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Boriani G</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Europace</span>
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2024 Aug 3;26(8)
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|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25156448">Effects of atrioventricular nodal ablation on permanent atrial fibrillation patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yin J,
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Hu H,
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Wang Y,
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Xue M,
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Li X,
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Cheng W,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Cardiol</span>
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||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24267810">The effects of chronic exercise training in individuals with permanent atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Reed JL,
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Mark AE,
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Reid RD,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Can J Cardiol</span>
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||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24267810" target="_blank">24267810</a></div>
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||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21047492">Dronedarone for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maund E,
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McKenna C,
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Sarowar M,
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Fox D,
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Stevenson M,
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Pepper C,
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Palmer S,
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Woolacott N</span><br />
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||
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21047492" target="_blank">21047492</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Permanent%20atrial%20fibrillation%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
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<div>
|
||
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_106">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2586056%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (1)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C2586056%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (1)</a></li>
|
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