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<meta name="keywords" content="C1837458, abnormal visual pursuit, abnormality of visual tracking, finding, impaired smooth pursuit, impairment of visual pursuit, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="An impairment of the ability to track objects with the ocular smooth pursuit system, a class of rather slow eye movements that minimizes retinal target motion." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=325176
ConceptID=C1837458
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Impaired smooth pursuit</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>325176</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837458</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Abnormal visual pursuit; Abnormality of visual tracking; Impairment of visual pursuit</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0007772">HP:0007772</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">An impairment of the ability to track objects with the ocular smooth pursuit system, a class of rather slow eye movements that minimizes retinal target motion. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C1837458[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=325176">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Impaired smooth pursuit</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1370071" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the eye">Abnormality of the eye</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868525" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal eye physiology">Abnormal eye physiology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/99227" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of eye movement">Abnormality of eye movement</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/322909" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of ocular smooth pursuit">Abnormality of ocular smooth pursuit</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Impaired smooth pursuit</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870481" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent smooth pursuit">Absent smooth pursuit</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/355793" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Impaired horizontal smooth pursuit">Impaired horizontal smooth pursuit</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_4886"><div><strong>Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>4886</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0017495</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Genetic prion disease generally manifests with cognitive difficulties, ataxia, and myoclonus (abrupt jerking movements of muscle groups and/or entire limbs). The order of appearance and/or predominance of these features and other associated neurologic and psychiatric findings vary. The three major phenotypes of genetic prion disease are genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome. Although these phenotypes display overlapping clinical and pathologic features, recognition of these phenotypes can be useful when providing affected individuals and their families with information about the expected clinical course. The age at onset typically ranges from 50 to 60 years. The disease course ranges from a few months in gCJD and FFI to a few (up to 4, and in rare cases up to 10) years in GSS syndrome.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/4886">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_7467"><div><strong>Deficiency of alpha-mannosidase</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>7467</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0024748</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The clinical phenotype of alpha-mannosidosis varies considerably, with a wide spectrum of clinical findings and broad variability in individual presentation. At least three clinical types have been suggested in untreated individuals: mild (clinically recognized after age ten years, with myopathy, slow progression, and absence of skeletal abnormalities); moderate (clinically recognized before age ten years, with myopathy, slow progression, and presence of skeletal abnormalities); and severe (obvious progression leading to early death from primary central nervous system involvement or infection). Core features of untreated individuals generally include early childhood-onset non-progressive hearing loss, frequent infections due to immunodeficiency, rheumatologic symptoms (especially systemic lupus erythematosus), developmental delay / intellectual disability, low tone, ataxia, spastic paraplegia, psychiatric findings, bone disease (ranging from asymptomatic osteopenia to focal lytic or sclerotic lesions and osteonecrosis), gastrointestinal dysfunction (including diarrhea, swallowing issues / aspiration, and enlarged liver and spleen), poor growth, eye issues (including tapetoretinal degeneration and optic nerve atrophy), cardiac complications in adults, and pulmonary issues (including parenchymal lung disease). However, with the advent of enzyme replacement therapy, the natural history of this condition may change. Long-term velmanase alfa (VA) treatment outcomes are still being elucidated, but may include improvement in hearing, immunologic profile, and quality of life (improved clinical outcomes for muscle strength). Similarly, affected individuals who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experienced improvement in development (with preservation of previously learned skills), ability to participate in activities of daily living, stabilization or improvement in skeletal abnormalities, and improvement in hearing ability, although expressive speech and hearing deficiencies remained the most significant clinical problems after HSCT.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/7467">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_199815"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>199815</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0752122</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 (SCA4) is a progressive neurologic disease characterized by cerebellar involvement (gait ataxia, balance disturbances, eye movement abnormalities), brain stem involvement (dysarthria, dysphagia), sensory neuropathy, motor neuron involvement (muscle wasting and spasticity), autonomic dysfunction (especially orthostatic hypotension), and cognition and/or behavior manifestations. Age of onset ranges from 12 to 65 years. In the approximately 10% of individuals whose onset is before age 25 years disease manifestations are more severe and often different from those with later-onset disease. As the disease progresses, particularly in those with early-onset disease, eye movement abnormalities, dysarthria, dysphagia, sensory neuropathy, upper and lower motor neuron involvement, and orthostatic hypotension can further aggravate balance and gait problems. Most individuals eventually require a walker or wheelchair. Reduced life expectancy in individuals with earlier-onset severe SCA4 is associated with weight loss, infections, and cardiac arrhythmia. Life expectancy is normal or near normal in individuals with later-onset SCA4.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/199815">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_155705"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>155705</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0752123</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), see SCA1 (164400).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/155705">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_148458"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>148458</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0752124</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is characterized by adult-onset, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria, and nystagmus. The age of onset ranges from 19 to 73 years; mean age of onset is between 43 and 52 years. Initial symptoms are gait unsteadiness, stumbling, and imbalance (in ~90%) and dysarthria (in ~10%). Eventually all persons have gait ataxia, upper-limb incoordination, intention tremor, and dysarthria. Dysphagia and choking are common. Visual disturbances may result from diplopia, difficulty fixating on moving objects, horizontal gaze-evoked nystagmus, and vertical nystagmus. Hyperreflexia and extensor plantar responses occur in up to 40%-50%. Basal ganglia signs, including dystonia and blepharospasm, occur in up to 25%. Mentation is generally preserved.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/148458">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_373075"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 27</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>373075</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836383</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Disease with characteristics of early-onset tremor, dyskinesia and slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported to date. This disease is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor 14 FGF14 gene (13q34). Prognosis is relatively good. Life-threatening status epilepticus and intractable seizure or severe dysphagia is rare.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/373075">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_332457"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>332457</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1837454</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">SCA8 is a slowly progressive ataxia with onset typically in the third to fifth decade but with a range from before age one year to after age 60 years. Common initial manifestations are scanning dysarthria with a characteristic drawn-out slowness of speech and gait instability. Over the disease course other findings can include eye movement abnormalities (nystagmus, abnormal pursuit and abnormal saccades, and, rarely, ophthalmoplegia); upper motor neuron involvement; extrapyramidal signs; brain stem signs (dysphagia and poor cough reflex); sensory neuropathy; and cognitive impairment (e.g., executive dysfunction, psychomotor slowing and other features of cerebellar cognitive-affective disorder in some). Life span is typically not shortened.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/332457">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_334114"><div><strong>Joubert syndrome 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>334114</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842577</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by three primary findings: A distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign (MTS). Hypotonia. Developmental delays. Often these findings are accompanied by episodic tachypnea or apnea and/or atypical eye movements. In general, the breathing abnormalities improve with age, truncal ataxia develops over time, and acquisition of gross motor milestones is delayed. Cognitive abilities are variable, ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal. Additional findings can include retinal dystrophy, renal disease, ocular colobomas, occipital encephalocele, hepatic fibrosis, polydactyly, oral hamartomas, and endocrine abnormalities. Both intra- and interfamilial variation are seen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/334114">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338301"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15/16</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338301</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1847725</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-15 (SCA15) is an autosomal dominant, adult-onset, slowly progressive form of cerebellar ataxia. Most patients also have disabling action and postural tremor, and some have pyramidal tract affection, dorsal column involvement, and gaze palsy. Brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy mainly affecting the vermis (summary by Synofzik et al., 2011).&#13; Autosomal dominant 'pure' cerebellar ataxia, classified as ADCA type III by Harding (1983, 1993), is a genetically heterogeneous disorder (see, e.g., 117210).&#13; For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, see SCA1 (164400).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338301">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_376379"><div><strong>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>376379</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1848526</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">TSEN54 pontocerebellar hypoplasia (TSEN54-PCH) comprises three PCH phenotypes (PCH2, 4, and 5) that share characteristic neuroradiologic and neurologic findings. The three PCH phenotypes (which differ mainly in life expectancy) were considered to be distinct entities before their molecular basis was known. PCH2. Children usually succumb before age ten years (those with PCH4 and 5 usually succumb as neonates). Children with PCH2 have generalized clonus, uncoordinated sucking and swallowing, impaired cognitive development, lack of voluntary motor development, cortical blindness, and an increased risk for rhabdomyolysis during severe infections. Epilepsy is present in approximately 50%. PCH4. Neonates often have seizures, multiple joint contractures ("arthrogryposis"), generalized clonus, and central respiratory impairment. PCH5 resembles PCH4 and has been described in one family.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/376379">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338620"><div><strong>Charlevoix-Saguenay spastic ataxia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338620</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C1849140</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is clinically characterized by a progressive cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and spasticity. Disease onset of classic ARSACS is often in early childhood, leading to delayed walking because of gait unsteadiness in very young toddlers, while an increasing number of individuals with disease onset in teenage or early-adult years are now being described. Typically the ataxia is followed by lower-limb spasticity and later by peripheral neuropathy – although pronounced peripheral neuropathy has been observed as a first sign of ARSACS. Oculomotor disturbances, dysarthria, and upper-limb ataxia develop with slower progression than the other findings. Brain imaging demonstrates atrophy of the superior vermis and the cerebellar hemisphere with additional findings on MRI, such as linear hypointensities in the pons and hyperintense rims around the thalami. Many affected individuals (though not all) have yellow streaks of hypermyelinated fibers radiating from the edges of the optic disc noted on ophthalmologic exam, and thickened retinal fibers can be demonstrated by optical coherence tomography. Mild intellectual disability, hearing loss, and urinary urgency and incontinence have been reported in some individuals.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338620">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338703"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 34</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338703</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1851481</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-34 (SCA34) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia. Onset usually occurs during the young adult years, and most patients remain ambulatory until late in life. One family with SCA34 also had onset of erythema and hyperkeratosis in early childhood (Cadieux-Dion et al., 2014), whereas other families have additional neurologic signs, including ocular movement disturbances and pyramidal tract signs (Ozaki et al., 2015).&#13; For a general discussion of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, see SCA1 (164400).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338703">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_346658"><div><strong>Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>346658</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1857747</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises a continuum of three phenotypes with overlapping clinical and radiologic features: Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (atypical NAD). PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism. INAD usually begins between ages six months and three years with psychomotor regression or delay, hypotonia, and progressive spastic tetraparesis. Many affected children never learn to walk or lose the ability shortly after attaining it. Strabismus, nystagmus, and optic atrophy are common. Disease progression is rapid, resulting in severe spasticity, progressive cognitive decline, and visual impairment. Many affected children do not survive beyond their first decade. Atypical NAD shows more phenotypic variability than INAD. In general, onset is in early childhood but can be as late as the end of the second decade. The presenting signs may be gait instability, ataxia, or speech delay and autistic features, which are sometimes the only evidence of disease for a year or more. Strabismus, nystagmus, and optic atrophy are common. Neuropsychiatric disturbances including impulsivity, poor attention span, hyperactivity, and emotional lability are also common. The course is fairly stable during early childhood and resembles static encephalopathy but is followed by neurologic deterioration between ages seven and 12 years. PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism has a variable age of onset, but most individuals present in early adulthood with gait disturbance or neuropsychiatric changes. Affected individuals consistently develop dystonia and parkinsonism (which may be accompanied by rapid cognitive decline) in their late teens to early twenties. Dystonia is most common in the hands and feet but may be more generalized. The most common features of parkinsonism in these individuals are bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/346658">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_369786"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>369786</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1963674</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia that usually starts as poor balance and unsteady gait, followed by upper-limb ataxia, scanning dysarthria, and dysphagia. Abnormal tracking eye movements are common. Recurrent seizures after the onset of gait ataxia have been reported with variable frequencies among different families. Some individuals have cognitive dysfunction, behavioral disturbances, mood disorders, mild pyramidal signs, and peripheral neuropathy. Age of onset ranges from 12 to 48 years.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/369786">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462556"><div><strong>Leber congenital amaurosis 15</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462556</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151206</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive childhood-onset severe retinal dystrophy is a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting rod and cone photoreceptors simultaneously. The most severe cases are termed Leber congenital amaurosis, whereas the less aggressive forms are usually considered juvenile retinitis pigmentosa (summary by Gu et al., 1997).&#13; Mutation in TULP1 can also cause a form of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP14; 600132).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of the genetic heterogeneity of Leber congenital amaurosis, see LCA1 (204000); for retinitis pigmentosa, see 268000.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462556">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_483339"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 36</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>483339</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3472711</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 36 (SCA36) is characterized by a late-onset, slowly progressive cerebellar syndrome typically associated with sensorineural hearing loss. Other common features are muscle atrophy and denervation, especially of the tongue, as well as pyramidal signs, thus overlapping with motor neuron disorders. Mild frontal-subcortical affective and cognitive decline may be present as the disease progresses. Brain MRI shows atrophy of the cerebellar vermis in initial stages, later evolving to a pattern of olivopontocerebellar atrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/483339">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_766862"><div><strong>Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 6B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>766862</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3553948</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The overlapping phenotypes of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD) represent the milder manifestations of the Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) of peroxisome biogenesis disorders. The clinical course of patients with the NALD and IRD presentation is variable and may include developmental delay, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss, retinal dystrophy, and visual impairment. Children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, and those with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood. Some patients with PEX10 mutations have a milder disorder characterized by childhood-onset cerebellar ataxia and neuropathy without mental retardation (summary by Waterham and Ebberink, 2012).&#13; For a complete phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PBD(NALD/IRD), see 601539.&#13; Individuals with mutations in the PEX10 gene have cells of complementation group 7 (CG7, equivalent to CGB). For information on the history of PBD complementation groups, see 214100.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/766862">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_861227"><div><strong>Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>861227</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4012790</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder-1 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by progressive cerebellar degeneration resulting in ataxia and oculomotor apraxia. Laboratory studies of patient cells showed increased susceptibility to radiation, consistent with a defect in DNA repair. The disorder shares some phenotypic features of ataxia-telangiectasia (AT; 208900), but telangiectases and immune deficiency are not present in ATLD1 (summary by Hernandez et al., 1993 and Stewart et al., 1999).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Ataxia-Telangiectasia-Like Disorder&#13; See also ATLD2 (615919), caused by mutation in the PCNA gene (176740) on chromosome 20p12.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/861227">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_895448"><div><strong>Short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>895448</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225288</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">In patients with SSMED, short stature and microcephaly are apparent at birth, and there is progressive postnatal growth failure. Endocrine dysfunction, including hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, multinodular goiter, and diabetes mellitus, is present in affected adults. Progressive ataxia has been reported in some patients, with onset ranging from the second to fifth decade of life. In addition, a few patients have developed tumors, suggesting that there may be a predisposition to tumorigenesis. In contrast to syndromes involving defects in other components of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) complex (see, e.g., 606593), no clinically overt immunodeficiency has been observed in SSMED, although laboratory analysis has revealed lymphopenia or borderline leukopenia in some patients (Murray et al., 2015; Bee et al., 2015; de Bruin et al., 2015; Guo et al., 2015).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/895448">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934741"><div><strong>Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 42</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934741</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4310774</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">GNB1 encephalopathy (GNB1-E) is characterized by moderate-to-severe developmental delay / intellectual disability, structural brain abnormalities, and often infantile hypotonia and seizures. Other less common findings include dystonia, reduced vision, behavior issues, growth delay, gastrointestinal (GI) problems, genitourinary (GU) abnormalities in males, and cutaneous mastocytosis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934741">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1644883"><div><strong>Joubert syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644883</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551568</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by three primary findings: A distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign (MTS). Hypotonia. Developmental delays. Often these findings are accompanied by episodic tachypnea or apnea and/or atypical eye movements. In general, the breathing abnormalities improve with age, truncal ataxia develops over time, and acquisition of gross motor milestones is delayed. Cognitive abilities are variable, ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal. Additional findings can include retinal dystrophy, renal disease, ocular colobomas, occipital encephalocele, hepatic fibrosis, polydactyly, oral hamartomas, and endocrine abnormalities. Both intra- and interfamilial variation are seen.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644883">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1681191"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 11</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1681191</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5190803</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare hereditary cerebellar ataxia disorder with characteristics of late-onset spinocerebellar ataxia, manifesting with slowly progressive gait disturbances, dysarthria, limb and truncal ataxia and smooth-pursuit eye movement disturbance, associated with a history of psychomotor delay from childhood. Mild atrophy of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres is observed on brain imaging. There is evidence the disease is caused by homozygous mutation in the SYT14 gene on chromosome 1q32.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1681191">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1712568"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 28</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1712568</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5394101</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-28 (SCAR28) is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset in early childhood of mildly delayed motor development, gait ataxia, incoordination of fine motor movements, and dysarthria. Affected individuals may have features of spasticity and may show mildly impaired cognitive function. Brain imaging shows cerebellar vermis hypoplasia (summary by Walker et al., 2019).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1712568">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1805016"><div><strong>Dystonia 34, myoclonic</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1805016</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5676907</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Myoclonic dystonia-34 (DYT34) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by childhood-onset dystonia primarily involving the hands and neck, with a fast tremor with superimposed myoclonus (Balint et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1805016">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_861227" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1681191" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 11</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338620" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Charlevoix-Saguenay spastic ataxia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_7467" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Deficiency of alpha-mannosidase</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1805016" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dystonia 34, myoclonic</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (24)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_4886" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934741" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 42</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1644883" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Joubert syndrome 1</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_376379" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2A</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_895448" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short stature, microcephaly, and endocrine dysfunction</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_369786" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338301" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15/16</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_373075" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 27</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338703" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 34</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_483339" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 36</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_199815" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_155705" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_148458" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_332457" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1712568" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 28</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35311725">Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in mTBI: Utility of the VOMS for evaluation and management - A review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kaae C,
Cadigan K,
Lai K,
Theis J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">NeuroRehabilitation</span>
2022;50(3):279-296.
doi: 10.3233/NRE-228012.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35311725" target="_blank">35311725</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34864777">Vestibular Rehabilitation for Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: An Updated Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hall CD,
Herdman SJ,
Whitney SL,
Anson ER,
Carender WJ,
Hoppes CW,
Cass SP,
Christy JB,
Cohen HS,
Fife TD,
Furman JM,
Shepard NT,
Clendaniel RA,
Dishman JD,
Goebel JA,
Meldrum D,
Ryan C,
Wallace RL,
Woodward NJ</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Phys Ther</span>
2022 Apr 1;46(2):118-177.
doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000382.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34864777" target="_blank">34864777</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8920012" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26913496">Vestibular Rehabilitation for Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: FROM THE AMERICAN PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION NEUROLOGY SECTION.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hall CD,
Herdman SJ,
Whitney SL,
Cass SP,
Clendaniel RA,
Fife TD,
Furman JM,
Getchius TS,
Goebel JA,
Shepard NT,
Woodhouse SN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Phys Ther</span>
2016 Apr;40(2):124-55.
doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000120.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26913496" target="_blank">26913496</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4795094" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(impaired%20smooth%20pursuit)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35841311">Prevalence and Treatments of Movement Disorders in Prion Diseases: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sequeira D,
Nihat A,
Mok T,
Coysh T,
Rudge P,
Collinge J,
Mead S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2022 Sep;37(9):1893-1903.
Epub 2022 Jul 16
doi: 10.1002/mds.29152.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35841311" target="_blank">35841311</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9543300" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27553583">Visual signs and symptoms of corticobasal degeneration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Armstrong RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Exp Optom</span>
2016 Nov;99(6):498-506.
Epub 2016 Aug 23
doi: 10.1111/cxo.12429.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27553583" target="_blank">27553583</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26105056">Consensus Paper: Revisiting the Symptoms and Signs of Cerebellar Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bodranghien F,
Bastian A,
Casali C,
Hallett M,
Louis ED,
Manto M,
Mariën P,
Nowak DA,
Schmahmann JD,
Serrao M,
Steiner KM,
Strupp M,
Tilikete C,
Timmann D,
van Dun K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebellum</span>
2016 Jun;15(3):369-91.
doi: 10.1007/s12311-015-0687-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26105056" target="_blank">26105056</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5565264" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20635179">Alcohol impairment of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements: impact of risk factors for alcohol dependence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roche DJ,
King AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Psychopharmacology (Berl)</span>
2010 Sep;212(1):33-44.
Epub 2010 Jul 16
doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1906-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20635179" target="_blank">20635179</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4633411" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15090876">Eye movements and psychiatric disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Trillenberg P,
Lencer R,
Heide W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Neurol</span>
2004 Feb;17(1):43-7.
doi: 10.1097/00019052-200402000-00008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15090876" target="_blank">15090876</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Impaired%20smooth%20pursuit%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (17)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35396603">Nystagmus only with fixation in the light: a rare central sign due to cerebellar malfunction.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee SU,
Kim HJ,
Choi JY,
Choi JH,
Zee DS,
Kim JS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol</span>
2022 Jul;269(7):3879-3890.
Epub 2022 Apr 9
doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11108-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35396603" target="_blank">35396603</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27553583">Visual signs and symptoms of corticobasal degeneration.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Armstrong RA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Exp Optom</span>
2016 Nov;99(6):498-506.
Epub 2016 Aug 23
doi: 10.1111/cxo.12429.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27553583" target="_blank">27553583</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26105056">Consensus Paper: Revisiting the Symptoms and Signs of Cerebellar Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bodranghien F,
Bastian A,
Casali C,
Hallett M,
Louis ED,
Manto M,
Mariën P,
Nowak DA,
Schmahmann JD,
Serrao M,
Steiner KM,
Strupp M,
Tilikete C,
Timmann D,
van Dun K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebellum</span>
2016 Jun;15(3):369-91.
doi: 10.1007/s12311-015-0687-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26105056" target="_blank">26105056</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5565264" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/15090876">Eye movements and psychiatric disease.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Trillenberg P,
Lencer R,
Heide W</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Neurol</span>
2004 Feb;17(1):43-7.
doi: 10.1097/00019052-200402000-00008.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/15090876" target="_blank">15090876</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6847438">Eye movements in Friedreich's ataxia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Furman JM,
Perlman S,
Baloh RW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
1983 Jun;40(6):343-6.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.1983.04050060043006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6847438" target="_blank">6847438</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Impaired%20smooth%20pursuit%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (26)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27342447">Effects of ketamine on brain function during smooth pursuit eye movements.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Steffens M,
Becker B,
Neumann C,
Kasparbauer AM,
Meyhöfer I,
Weber B,
Mehta MA,
Hurlemann R,
Ettinger U</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Brain Mapp</span>
2016 Nov;37(11):4047-4060.
doi: 10.1002/hbm.23294.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27342447" target="_blank">27342447</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6867533" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20635179">Alcohol impairment of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements: impact of risk factors for alcohol dependence.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roche DJ,
King AC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Psychopharmacology (Berl)</span>
2010 Sep;212(1):33-44.
Epub 2010 Jul 16
doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1906-8.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20635179" target="_blank">20635179</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4633411" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8422853">Carbamazepine and lamotrigine in healthy volunteers: relevance to early tolerance and clinical trial dosage.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hamilton MJ,
Cohen AF,
Yuen AW,
Harkin N,
Land G,
Weatherley BC,
Peck AW</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Epilepsia</span>
1993 Jan-Feb;34(1):166-73.
doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02393.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8422853" target="_blank">8422853</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1391287">Evidence of impaired smooth pursuit eye movement performance in crack cocaine users.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rosse RB,
Risher-Flowers D,
Peace T,
Deutsch SI</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biol Psychiatry</span>
1992 Jun 15;31(12):1238-40.
doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90346-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1391287" target="_blank">1391287</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4091994">Lamotrigine (BW430C), a potential anticonvulsant. Effects on the central nervous system in comparison with phenytoin and diazepam.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cohen AF,
Ashby L,
Crowley D,
Land G,
Peck AW,
Miller AA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Br J Clin Pharmacol</span>
1985 Dec;20(6):619-29.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05120.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4091994" target="_blank">4091994</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1400839" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Impaired%20smooth%20pursuit%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27871453">Chasing dizzy chimera: Diagnosis of combined peripheral and central vestibulopathy.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Choi SY,
Kim HJ,
Kim JS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Neurol Sci</span>
2016 Dec 15;371:69-78.
Epub 2016 Oct 15
doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.063.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27871453" target="_blank">27871453</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26886621">Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting With Dizziness and Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus: A Case Report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Choi YJ,
Kang KW,
Lee SY,
Kang SH,
Lee SH,
Kim BC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Medicine (Baltimore)</span>
2016 Feb;95(7):e2766.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002766.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26886621" target="_blank">26886621</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4998621" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20110087">Impaired smooth pursuit in schizophrenia results from prediction impairment only.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nkam I,
Bocca ML,
Denise P,
Paoletti X,
Dollfus S,
Levillain D,
Thibaut F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biol Psychiatry</span>
2010 May 15;67(10):992-7.
Epub 2010 Jan 27
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.11.029.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20110087" target="_blank">20110087</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10025440">Dependence of impaired eye tracking on deficient velocity discrimination in schizophrenia.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chen Y,
Levy DL,
Nakayama K,
Matthysse S,
Palafox G,
Holzman PS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Gen Psychiatry</span>
1999 Feb;56(2):155-61.
doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.2.155.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10025440" target="_blank">10025440</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1084741">Cerebellar-pontine angle tumors. Results of quantitative vestibulo-ocular testing.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baloh RW,
Konrad HR,
Dirks D,
Honrubia V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Neurol</span>
1976 Jul;33(7):507-12.
doi: 10.1001/archneur.1976.00500070049010.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1084741" target="_blank">1084741</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Impaired%20smooth%20pursuit%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35841311">Prevalence and Treatments of Movement Disorders in Prion Diseases: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sequeira D,
Nihat A,
Mok T,
Coysh T,
Rudge P,
Collinge J,
Mead S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mov Disord</span>
2022 Sep;37(9):1893-1903.
Epub 2022 Jul 16
doi: 10.1002/mds.29152.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35841311" target="_blank">35841311</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9543300" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33468086">Abnormal eye movements in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lin J,
Zhang L,
Cao B,
Wei Q,
Ou R,
Hou Y,
Xu X,
Liu K,
Gu X,
Shang H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMC Neurol</span>
2021 Jan 19;21(1):28.
doi: 10.1186/s12883-021-02057-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33468086" target="_blank">33468086</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7814728" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/26105056">Consensus Paper: Revisiting the Symptoms and Signs of Cerebellar Syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bodranghien F,
Bastian A,
Casali C,
Hallett M,
Louis ED,
Manto M,
Mariën P,
Nowak DA,
Schmahmann JD,
Serrao M,
Steiner KM,
Strupp M,
Tilikete C,
Timmann D,
van Dun K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cerebellum</span>
2016 Jun;15(3):369-91.
doi: 10.1007/s12311-015-0687-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/26105056" target="_blank">26105056</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5565264" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20110087">Impaired smooth pursuit in schizophrenia results from prediction impairment only.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nkam I,
Bocca ML,
Denise P,
Paoletti X,
Dollfus S,
Levillain D,
Thibaut F</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biol Psychiatry</span>
2010 May 15;67(10):992-7.
Epub 2010 Jan 27
doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.11.029.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20110087" target="_blank">20110087</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2720022">Clinical, psychophysiological, and neurological characteristics of volunteers with impaired smooth pursuit eye movements.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Siever LJ,
Coursey RD,
Alterman IS,
Zahn T,
Brody L,
Bernad P,
Buchsbaum M,
Lake CR,
Murphy DL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Biol Psychiatry</span>
1989 May;26(1):35-51.
doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90006-1.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2720022" target="_blank">2720022</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Impaired%20smooth%20pursuit%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (19)</a></div></div>
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