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<meta name="keywords" content="C0006625, cachectic, cachexia, general body deterioration, sign or symptom, wasting syndrome, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Severe weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility related to a chronic disease." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
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UID=2773
|
||
ConceptID=C0006625
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Cachexia</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2773</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0006625</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Cachectic; General body deterioration; Wasting syndrome</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Cachectic (238108007); Cachexia (238108007); General body deterioration (285384003)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
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<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0004326">HP:0004326</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">Severe weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility related to a chronic disease. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="TLline">Cachexia</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/18325" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Pathological process">Pathological process</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4347" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disease">Disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/311052" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Disorder">Non-Neoplastic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/317955" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category">Non-Neoplastic Disorder by Special Category</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/44376" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metabolic disease">Metabolic disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/8585" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Emaciated">Emaciated</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Cachexia</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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||
</div>
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||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_48441"><div><strong>Rett syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>48441</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0035372</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">The spectrum of MECP2-related phenotypes in females ranges from classic Rett syndrome to variant Rett syndrome with a broader clinical phenotype (either milder or more severe than classic Rett syndrome) to mild learning disabilities; the spectrum in males ranges from severe neonatal encephalopathy to pyramidal signs, parkinsonism, and macroorchidism (PPM-X) syndrome to severe syndromic/nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Females: Classic Rett syndrome, a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting girls, is characterized by apparently normal psychomotor development during the first six to 18 months of life, followed by a short period of developmental stagnation, then rapid regression in language and motor skills, followed by long-term stability. During the phase of rapid regression, repetitive, stereotypic hand movements replace purposeful hand use. Additional findings include fits of screaming and inconsolable crying, autistic features, panic-like attacks, bruxism, episodic apnea and/or hyperpnea, gait ataxia and apraxia, tremors, seizures, and acquired microcephaly. Males: Severe neonatal-onset encephalopathy, the most common phenotype in affected males, is characterized by a relentless clinical course that follows a metabolic-degenerative type of pattern, abnormal tone, involuntary movements, severe seizures, and breathing abnormalities. Death often occurs before age two years.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/48441">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_129128"><div><strong>Cronkhite-Canada syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>129128</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0282207</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis, alopecia, onychodystrophy, skin hyperpigmentation, and diarrhea. It is associated with high morbidity (summary by Sweetser et al., 2012).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/129128">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_410064"><div><strong>XFE progeroid syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>410064</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1970416</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">An autosomal recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the ERCC4 gene, encoding DNA repair endonuclease XPF. it is characterized by characterized by cutaneous photosensitivity and progeroid features in multiple organ systems.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/410064">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_412815"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 8a</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>412815</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2749861</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Four phenotypes comprise the RRM2B mitochondrial DNA maintenance defects (RRM2B-MDMDs): RRM2B encephalomyopathic MDMD, the most severe phenotype, usually manifesting shortly after birth as hypotonia, poor feeding, and faltering growth requiring hospitalization. Subsequent assessments are likely to reveal multisystem involvement including sensorineural hearing loss, renal tubulopathy, and respiratory failure. Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (adPEO), typically adult onset; other manifestations can include ptosis, bulbar dysfunction, fatigue, and muscle weakness. RRM2B autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia (arPEO), a typically childhood-onset predominantly myopathic phenotype of PEO, ptosis, proximal muscle weakness, and bulbar dysfunction. RRM2B mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE)-like, characterized by progressive ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, and peripheral neuropathy. To date, 78 individuals from 52 families with a molecularly confirmed RRM2B-MDMD have been reported.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/412815">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462264"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4b</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462264</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3150914</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">POLG-related disorders comprise a continuum of overlapping phenotypes that were clinically defined before the molecular basis was known. POLG-related disorders can therefore be considered an overlapping spectrum of disease presenting from early childhood to late adulthood. The age of onset broadly correlates with the clinical phenotype. In individuals with early-onset disease (prior to age 12 years), liver involvement, feeding difficulties, seizures, hypotonia, and muscle weakness are the most common clinical features. This group has the worst prognosis. In the juvenile/adult-onset form (age 12-40 years), disease is typically characterized by peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, seizures, stroke-like episodes, and, in individuals with longer survival, progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). This group generally has a better prognosis than the early-onset group. Late-onset disease (after age 40 years) is characterized by ptosis and PEO, with additional features such as peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and muscle weakness. This group overall has the best prognosis.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462264">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_896607"><div><strong>Autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease 23</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>896607</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225186</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Parkinson disease-23 (PARK23) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by young-adult onset of parkinsonism associated with progressive cognitive impairment leading to dementia and dysautonomia. Some individuals have additional motor abnormalities. Affected individuals become severely disabled within a few decades (summary by Lesage et al., 2016).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/896607">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_907651"><div><strong>Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>907651</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4225203</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">UNC80 deficiency is characterized by developmental delay, neonatal hypotonia, severe intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, strabismus, dyskinetic limb movements, and neurobehavioral manifestations. The majority of individuals do not learn to walk. All individuals lack expressive speech; however, many have expressive body language, and a few have used signs to communicate. Seizures may develop during infancy or childhood. Additional common features include clubfeet, joint contractures, scoliosis, postnatal growth deficiency, increased risk of infections, sleeping difficulties, and constipation. Individuals have slow acquisition of developmental skills and do not have features suggestive of neurodegeneration.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/907651">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1631838"><div><strong>Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1631838</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551995</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) disease is characterized by progressive gastrointestinal dysmotility (manifesting as early satiety, nausea, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, postprandial emesis, episodic abdominal pain and/or distention, and diarrhea); cachexia; ptosis/ophthalmoplegia or ophthalmoparesis; leukoencephalopathy; and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy (manifesting as paresthesias (tingling, numbness, and pain) and symmetric and distal weakness more prominently affecting the lower extremities). The order in which manifestations appear is unpredictable. Onset is usually between the first and fifth decades; in about 60% of individuals, symptoms begin before age 20 years.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1631838">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648409"><div><strong>Spinocerebellar ataxia 48</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648409</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748158</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Spinocerebellar ataxia-48 (SCA48) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset of gait ataxia and/or cognitive-affective symptoms in midadulthood. Patients may present with involvement of either system, but most eventually develop impairment in both. Features include gait ataxia, dysarthria, and dysphagia, as well as cognitive decline, deficits in executive function, and psychiatric or affective manifestations, such as depression, anxiety, and apathy. Additional more variable features may include movement abnormalities, such as parkinsonism, tremor, chorea, dystonia, and dysmetria; spasticity is not observed. Brain imaging shows selective atrophy of the posterior areas of the cerebellar vermis, often with bilateral T2-weighted hyperintensities in the dentate nuclei (the 'crab sign'), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may show paucity of cerebellar connections to the brainstem and cerebrum. The presentation is consistent with a clinical diagnosis of cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome (CCAS). The phenotype shows both inter- and intrafamilial variability as well as some clinical overlap with SCAR16, suggesting that mutations in the STUB1 gene result in a spectrum of neurodegenerative manifestations (summary by Genis et al., 2018; Cocozza et al., 2020; Palvadeau et al., 2020; Ravel et al., 2021). Magri et al. (2022) found evidence that heterozygous STUB1 variants alone do not cause disease but require a concurrent expanded repeat allele of the TBP gene (600075) for disease manifestation; see MOLECULAR GENETICS.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648409">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648417"><div><strong>Neuropathy, congenital hypomyelinating, 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648417</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4748608</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy-3 is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by onset of neurogenic muscle impairment in utero. Affected individuals present at birth with severe hypotonia, often causing respiratory insufficiency or failure and inability to swallow or feed properly. They have profoundly impaired psychomotor development and may die in infancy or early childhood. Those that survive are unable to sit or walk. Sural nerve biopsy shows hypomyelination of the nerve fibers, and brain imaging often shows impaired myelination and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Nerve conduction velocities are severely decreased (about 10 m/s) or absent due to improper myelination (summary by Vallat et al., 2016 and Low et al., 2018). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CHN, see CHN1 (605253).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648417">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1847098"><div><strong>Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial dna deletions, autosomal recessive 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1847098</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5882731</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia-6 (PEOB6) is characterized by ptosis and ophthalmoplegia as well as other clinical manifestations and multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle (Shintaku et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal recessive PEO, see PEOB1 (258450).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1847098">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_896607" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson disease 23</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_129128" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cronkhite-Canada syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_907651" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia, infantile, with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1631838" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462264" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4b</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (11)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_412815" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 8a</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648417" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuropathy, congenital hypomyelinating, 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1847098" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial dna deletions, autosomal recessive 6</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_48441" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Rett syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648409" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spinocerebellar ataxia 48</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_410064" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">XFE progeroid syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36680511">Primary myelofibrosis: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tefferi A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
|
||
2023 May;98(5):801-821.
|
||
Epub 2023 Feb 6
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajh.26857.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36680511" target="_blank">36680511</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33946039">ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical Nutrition in cancer.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Muscaritoli M,
|
||
Arends J,
|
||
Bachmann P,
|
||
Baracos V,
|
||
Barthelemy N,
|
||
Bertz H,
|
||
Bozzetti F,
|
||
Hütterer E,
|
||
Isenring E,
|
||
Kaasa S,
|
||
Krznaric Z,
|
||
Laird B,
|
||
Larsson M,
|
||
Laviano A,
|
||
Mühlebach S,
|
||
Oldervoll L,
|
||
Ravasco P,
|
||
Solheim TS,
|
||
Strasser F,
|
||
de van der Schueren M,
|
||
Preiser JC,
|
||
Bischoff SC</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Nutr</span>
|
||
2021 May;40(5):2898-2913.
|
||
Epub 2021 Mar 15
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.005.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33946039" target="_blank">33946039</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30181091">GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition - A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cederholm T,
|
||
Jensen GL,
|
||
Correia MITD,
|
||
Gonzalez MC,
|
||
Fukushima R,
|
||
Higashiguchi T,
|
||
Baptista G,
|
||
Barazzoni R,
|
||
Blaauw R,
|
||
Coats A,
|
||
Crivelli A,
|
||
Evans DC,
|
||
Gramlich L,
|
||
Fuchs-Tarlovsky V,
|
||
Keller H,
|
||
Llido L,
|
||
Malone A,
|
||
Mogensen KM,
|
||
Morley JE,
|
||
Muscaritoli M,
|
||
Nyulasi I,
|
||
Pirlich M,
|
||
Pisprasert V,
|
||
de van der Schueren MAE,
|
||
Siltharm S,
|
||
Singer P,
|
||
Tappenden K,
|
||
Velasco N,
|
||
Waitzberg D,
|
||
Yamwong P,
|
||
Yu J,
|
||
Van Gossum A,
|
||
Compher C;
|
||
GLIM Core Leadership Committee;
|
||
GLIM Working Group</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Nutr</span>
|
||
2019 Feb;38(1):1-9.
|
||
Epub 2018 Sep 3
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30181091" target="_blank">30181091</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22cachexia%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (548)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38246792">Adverse effects of ferroptotic therapy: mechanisms and management.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu J,
|
||
Kang R,
|
||
Tang D</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Trends Cancer</span>
|
||
2024 May;10(5):417-429.
|
||
Epub 2024 Jan 20
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.002.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38246792" target="_blank">38246792</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32466362">Pancreatic Cancer and Cachexia-Metabolic Mechanisms and Novel Insights.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Poulia KA,
|
||
Sarantis P,
|
||
Antoniadou D,
|
||
Koustas E,
|
||
Papadimitropoulou A,
|
||
Papavassiliou AG,
|
||
Karamouzis MV</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nutrients</span>
|
||
2020 May 26;12(6)
|
||
doi: 10.3390/nu12061543.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32466362" target="_blank">32466362</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7352917" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29345251">Cancer-associated cachexia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Baracos VE,
|
||
Martin L,
|
||
Korc M,
|
||
Guttridge DC,
|
||
Fearon KCH</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Dis Primers</span>
|
||
2018 Jan 18;4:17105.
|
||
doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.105.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29345251" target="_blank">29345251</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21296615">Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fearon K,
|
||
Strasser F,
|
||
Anker SD,
|
||
Bosaeus I,
|
||
Bruera E,
|
||
Fainsinger RL,
|
||
Jatoi A,
|
||
Loprinzi C,
|
||
MacDonald N,
|
||
Mantovani G,
|
||
Davis M,
|
||
Muscaritoli M,
|
||
Ottery F,
|
||
Radbruch L,
|
||
Ravasco P,
|
||
Walsh D,
|
||
Wilcock A,
|
||
Kaasa S,
|
||
Baracos VE</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Lancet Oncol</span>
|
||
2011 May;12(5):489-95.
|
||
Epub 2011 Feb 4
|
||
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70218-7.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21296615" target="_blank">21296615</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/18718696">Cachexia: a new definition.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Evans WJ,
|
||
Morley JE,
|
||
Argilés J,
|
||
Bales C,
|
||
Baracos V,
|
||
Guttridge D,
|
||
Jatoi A,
|
||
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tefferi A</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hematol</span>
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2021 Jan;96(1):145-162.
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Epub 2020 Dec 2
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doi: 10.1002/ajh.26050.
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33197049" target="_blank">33197049</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31851983">A Practical Approach to Nutrition, Protein-Energy Wasting, Sarcopenia, and Cachexia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.</a></div>
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<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cachexia%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2599)</a></div></div>
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln">
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37057640">Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shen Y,
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Shi Q,
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Yue J,
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Beauchamp M,
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Hao Q</span><br />
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37057640" target="_blank">37057640</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10235889" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35187864">Systematic review and meta-analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults.</a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Nunes EA,
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Colenso-Semple L,
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McKellar SR,
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Yau T,
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Ali MU,
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Fitzpatrick-Lewis D,
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Sherifali D,
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Gaudichon C,
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Tomé D,
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Atherton PJ,
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Robles MC,
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Naranjo-Modad S,
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Braun M,
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Landi F,
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Phillips SM</span><br />
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle</span>
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2022 Apr;13(2):795-810.
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Epub 2022 Feb 20
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<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35187864" target="_blank">35187864</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8978023" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34816624">Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Petermann-Rocha F,
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Balntzi V,
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Gray SR,
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Lara J,
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Ho FK,
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<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle</span>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34523250">Understanding the gut microbiota and sarcopenia: a systematic review.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu C,
|
||
Cheung WH,
|
||
Li J,
|
||
Chow SK,
|
||
Yu J,
|
||
Wong SH,
|
||
Ip M,
|
||
Sung JJY,
|
||
Wong RMY</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle</span>
|
||
2021 Dec;12(6):1393-1407.
|
||
Epub 2021 Sep 14
|
||
doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12784.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34523250" target="_blank">34523250</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC8718038" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32432946">Management of Cancer Cachexia: ASCO Guideline.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Roeland EJ,
|
||
Bohlke K,
|
||
Baracos VE,
|
||
Bruera E,
|
||
Del Fabbro E,
|
||
Dixon S,
|
||
Fallon M,
|
||
Herrstedt J,
|
||
Lau H,
|
||
Platek M,
|
||
Rugo HS,
|
||
Schnipper HH,
|
||
Smith TJ,
|
||
Tan W,
|
||
Loprinzi CL</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Clin Oncol</span>
|
||
2020 Jul 20;38(21):2438-2453.
|
||
Epub 2020 May 20
|
||
doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.00611.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32432946" target="_blank">32432946</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cachexia%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (230)</a></div></div>
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