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<!--
UID=1639139
ConceptID=C4551680
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Generalized osteoporosis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1639139</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551680</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Generalised osteoporosis; Generalised osteoporosis with pathologic fractures; Generalized osteoporosis with pathologic fractures</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0040160">HP:0040160</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C4551680[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=1639139">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Generalized osteoporosis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232130" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder by Site">Disorder by Site</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/272508" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Connective and Soft Tissue Disorder">Connective and Soft Tissue Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/6471" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Musculoskeletal system disorder">Musculoskeletal system disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14182" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of bone">Disorder of bone</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/2699" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Metabolic bone disorder">Metabolic bone disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14535" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Generalized osteoporosis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870709" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Moderate generalized osteoporosis">Moderate generalized osteoporosis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/347884" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Severe generalized osteoporosis">Severe generalized osteoporosis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_46123"><div><strong>Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>46123</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0033300</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is characterized by clinical features that typically develop in childhood and resemble some features of accelerated aging. Children with HGPS usually appear normal at birth. Profound failure to thrive occurs during the first year. Characteristic facial features include head that is disproportionately large for the face, narrow nasal ridge, narrow nasal tip, thin vermilion of the upper and lower lips, small mouth, and retro- and micrognathia. Common features include loss of subcutaneous fat, delayed eruption and loss of primary teeth, abnormal skin with small outpouchings over the abdomen and upper thighs, alopecia, nail dystrophy, coxa valga, and progressive joint contractures. Later findings include low-frequency conductive hearing loss, dental crowding, and partial lack of secondary tooth eruption. Motor and mental development is normal. Death occurs as a result of complications of severe atherosclerosis, either cardiac disease (myocardial infarction or heart failure) or cerebrovascular disease (stroke), generally between ages six and 20 years (average 14.5 years) without lonafarnib treatment or cardiac surgery intervention. Average life span is extended to approximately 17-19.5 years with lonafarnib therapy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/46123">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98152"><div><strong>Winchester syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98152</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0432289</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Winchester syndrome (WNCHRS) presents with severe osteolysis in the hands and feet and generalized osteoporosis and bone thinning, similar to multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy (MONA; 259600), but subcutaneous nodules are characteristically absent. Various additional features including coarse face, corneal opacities, gum hypertrophy, and EKG changes have been reported (summary by Zankl et al., 2007).&#13; Reviews&#13; Winter (1989) provided a review of Winchester syndrome.&#13; De Vos et al. (2019) reviewed Winchester syndrome, Frank-Ter Haar syndrome (249420), and MONA, tabulating the clinical features of 63 reported patients and noting significant overlap, including craniofacial malformations, reduced bone density, skeletal and cardiac anomalies, and dermal fibrosis. Because the protein products of all 3 causative genes (MMP14; SH3PXD2B, 613293; MMP2, 120360) are involved in collagen remodeling, the authors suggested grouping them together in a revised nosologic classification, designated 'defective collagen-remodeling spectrum (DECORS).'</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98152">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_199606"><div><strong>Classic homocystinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>199606</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0751202</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Homocystinuria caused by cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) deficiency is characterized by involvement of the eye (ectopia lentis and/or severe myopia), skeletal system (excessive height, long limbs, scolioisis, and pectus excavatum), vascular system (thromboembolism), and CNS (developmental delay/intellectual disability). All four ? or only one ? of the systems can be involved; expressivity is variable for all of the clinical signs. It is not unusual for a previously asymptomatic individual to present in adult years with only a thromboembolic event that is often cerebrovascular. Two phenotypic variants are recognized, B6-responsive homocystinuria and B6-non-responsive homocystinuria. B6-responsive homocystinuria is usually milder than the non-responsive variant. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. IQ in individuals with untreated homocystinuria ranges widely, from 10 to 138. In B6-responsive individuals the mean IQ is 79 versus 57 for those who are B6-non-responsive. Other features that may occur include: seizures, psychiatric problems, extrapyramidal signs (e.g., dystonia), hypopigmentation of the skin and hair, malar flush, livedo reticularis, and pancreatitis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/199606">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_162911"><div><strong>Primrose syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162911</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796121</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Primrose syndrome is characterized by macrocephaly, hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability with expressive speech delay, behavioral issues, a recognizable facial phenotype, radiographic features, and altered glucose metabolism. Additional features seen in adults: sparse body hair, distal muscle wasting, and contractures. Characteristic craniofacial features include brachycephaly, high anterior hairline, deeply set eyes, ptosis, downslanted palpebral fissures, high palate with torus palatinus, broad jaw, and large ears with small or absent lobes. Radiographic features include calcification of the external ear cartilage, multiple wormian bones, platybasia, bathrocephaly, slender bones with exaggerated metaphyseal flaring, mild epiphyseal dysplasia, and spondylar dysplasia. Additional features include hearing impairment, ocular anomalies, cryptorchidism, and nonspecific findings on brain MRI.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/162911">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_436765"><div><strong>Chromosome 2q32-q33 deletion syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>436765</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2676739</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is a multisystem disorder in which all affected individuals have developmental delay / intellectual disability that can range from mild to profound but is most commonly moderate to profound. Speech delay and/or absent speech is observed in all affected individuals. Other neurobehavioral manifestations can include jovial or friendly personality, autistic tendencies, agitation or aggressive outbursts, self-injury, impulsivity, hyperactivity, anxiety, difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep, and sensory issues. Most affected individuals have hypotonia. EEG abnormalities are frequent but may be without clinically recognizable seizures. While only about 20% of affected individuals have clinical seizures, a subset of affected individuals have electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Craniofacial findings can include nonspecific dysmorphic features, palatal anomalies (cleft palate, high-arched palate, velopharyngeal insufficiency, bifid uvula), and dental anomalies (abnormal shape or size or the upper central incisors, dental crowding, hypodontia, and delayed teeth eruption, among others). Skeletal anomalies can include scoliosis, tibial bowing, and joint contractures. At least one third of individuals have a history of previous fractures and about one quarter of affected individuals have documented low bone mineral density. Other finding can include pre- and postnatal growth restriction, feeding issues, and eye anomalies (strabismus, refractive error). In those with a larger deletion involving SATB2 and adjacent genes, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and ectodermal findings may also be present.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/436765">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462783"><div><strong>Osteogenesis imperfecta type 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462783</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3151433</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. OI type XII is an autosomal recessive form characterized by recurrent fractures, mild bone deformations, generalized osteoporosis, delayed teeth eruption, progressive hearing loss, no dentinogenesis imperfecta, and white sclerae (summary by Lapunzina et al., 2010).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462783">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_463613"><div><strong>Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Maroteaux type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>463613</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3159322</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The autosomal dominant TRPV4 disorders (previously considered to be clinically distinct phenotypes before their molecular basis was discovered) are now grouped into neuromuscular disorders and skeletal dysplasias; however, the overlap within each group is considerable. Affected individuals typically have either neuromuscular or skeletal manifestations alone, and in only rare instances an overlap syndrome has been reported. The three autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders (mildest to most severe) are: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C. Scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy. Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy. The autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders are characterized by a congenital-onset, static, or later-onset progressive peripheral neuropathy with variable combinations of laryngeal dysfunction (i.e., vocal fold paresis), respiratory dysfunction, and joint contractures. The six autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasias (mildest to most severe) are: Familial digital arthropathy-brachydactyly. Autosomal dominant brachyolmia. Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Kozlowski type. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Maroteaux type. Parastremmatic dysplasia. Metatropic dysplasia. The skeletal dysplasia is characterized by brachydactyly (in all 6); the five that are more severe have short stature that varies from mild to severe with progressive spinal deformity and involvement of the long bones and pelvis. In the mildest of the autosomal dominant TRPV4 disorders life span is normal; in the most severe it is shortened. Bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can occur with both autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorders and skeletal dysplasias.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/463613">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_480034"><div><strong>Larsen-like syndrome, B3GAT3 type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>480034</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3278404</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Chondrodysplasia with congenital joint dislocations, CHST3-related (CDCJD-CHST3) is characterized by short stature of prenatal onset, joint dislocations (knees, hips, radial heads), clubfeet, and limitation of range of motion that can involve all large joints. Kyphosis and occasionally scoliosis with slight shortening of the trunk develop in childhood. Minor heart valve dysplasia has been described in several persons. Intellect and vision are normal.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/480034">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1639295"><div><strong>Avascular necrosis of femoral head, primary, 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1639295</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551562</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a debilitating disease that usually leads to destruction of the hip joint in the third to fifth decade of life. The disorder is characterized by progressive pain in the groin, mechanical failure of the subchondral bone, and degeneration of the hip joint. Nearly one-half of patients require hip replacement before 40 years of age. ANFH represents a specific form of the broader disease category of osteonecrosis (summary by Mont and Hungerford, 1995).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Primary Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head&#13; ANFH2 is caused by mutation in the TRPV4 gene (605427) on chromosome 12q24.&#13; Mutation in COL2A1 has also been found in Legg-Calves-Perthes disease (LCPD; 150600), a form of ANFH in growing children.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1639295">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1635201"><div><strong>Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1635201</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4693736</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Osteogenesis imperfecta type XVIII (OI18) is characterized by congenital bowing of the long bones, wormian bones, blue sclerae, vertebral collapse, and multiple fractures in the first years of life (Doyard et al., 2018).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1635201">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1639295" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Avascular necrosis of femoral head, primary, 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_436765" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chromosome 2q32-q33 deletion syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_199606" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Classic homocystinuria</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_46123" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_480034" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Larsen-like syndrome, B3GAT3 type</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (10)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_462783" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteogenesis imperfecta type 12</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1635201" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Osteogenesis imperfecta, type 18</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_162911" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primrose syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_463613" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Maroteaux type</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98152" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Winchester syndrome</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31541358">Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Review of the Literature and Practical Guide.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Raterman HG,
Lems WF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Drugs Aging</span>
2019 Dec;36(12):1061-1072.
doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00714-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31541358" target="_blank">31541358</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6884430" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17909741">Does low-dose and short-term glucocorticoids treatment increase the risk of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis female patients?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Korczowska I,
Olewicz-Gawlik A,
Trefler J,
Hrycaj P,
Krzysztof Łacki J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Rheumatol</span>
2008 May;27(5):565-72.
Epub 2007 Oct 2
doi: 10.1007/s10067-007-0747-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17909741" target="_blank">17909741</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2042057">Osteoporosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joffe I,
Epstein S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Arthritis Rheum</span>
1991 Feb;20(4):256-72.
doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(91)90021-q.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2042057" target="_blank">2042057</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22generalized%20osteoporosis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36841226">Role of denosumab in bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stefania S,
Rotondo C,
Mele A,
Trotta A,
Cantatore FP,
Corrado A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Postgrad Med J</span>
2023 Aug 22;99(1175):976-984.
doi: 10.1093/postmj/qgad013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36841226" target="_blank">36841226</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23719363">Osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in ankylosing spondylitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davey-Ranasinghe N,
Deodhar A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
2013 Jul;25(4):509-16.
doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283620777.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23719363" target="_blank">23719363</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9801731">Secondary osteoporosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Gennari C,
Martini G,
Nuti R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Aging (Milano)</span>
1998 Jun;10(3):214-24.
doi: 10.1007/BF03339655.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9801731" target="_blank">9801731</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8864590">Relationship between osteoporosis and arthritis and effect of corticosteroids and other drugs on bone.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Henderson NK,
Sambrook PN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
1996 Jul;8(4):365-9.
doi: 10.1097/00002281-199607000-00015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8864590" target="_blank">8864590</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1420073">Hyperplastic callus formation in osteogenesis imperfecta.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lehmann HW,
Nerlich A,
Brenner RE,
Bodo M,
Müller PK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Pediatr Surg</span>
1992 Oct;2(5):281-4.
doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1063459.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1420073" target="_blank">1420073</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Generalized%20osteoporosis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (40)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37227705">Orofacial characteristics in a child with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Saji S,
Devi K P,
Morankar R,
Tewari N,
Mathur VP,
Bansal K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Spec Care Dentist</span>
2024 Mar-Apr;44(2):428-433.
Epub 2023 May 25
doi: 10.1111/scd.12878.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37227705" target="_blank">37227705</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23775419">Can bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis be prevented?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Vis M,
Güler-Yüksel M,
Lems WF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Osteoporos Int</span>
2013 Oct;24(10):2541-53.
Epub 2013 Jun 18
doi: 10.1007/s00198-013-2334-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23775419" target="_blank">23775419</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23719363">Osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in ankylosing spondylitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Davey-Ranasinghe N,
Deodhar A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
2013 Jul;25(4):509-16.
doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283620777.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23719363" target="_blank">23719363</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12541197">Radiology of osteoporosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Quek ST,
Peh WC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Musculoskelet Radiol</span>
2002 Sep;6(3):197-206.
doi: 10.1055/s-2002-36717.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12541197" target="_blank">12541197</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2042057">Osteoporosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joffe I,
Epstein S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Arthritis Rheum</span>
1991 Feb;20(4):256-72.
doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(91)90021-q.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2042057" target="_blank">2042057</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Generalized%20osteoporosis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (29)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36841226">Role of denosumab in bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stefania S,
Rotondo C,
Mele A,
Trotta A,
Cantatore FP,
Corrado A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Postgrad Med J</span>
2023 Aug 22;99(1175):976-984.
doi: 10.1093/postmj/qgad013.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36841226" target="_blank">36841226</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36815763">Bisphosphonate treatment at spondylo-ocular syndrome due to a novel compound heterozygote variant in XYLT2 and review of the literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Buyukyilmaz G,
Adiguzel KT,
Kılıc E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2023 Jun;191(6):1581-1585.
Epub 2023 Feb 23
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63163.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36815763" target="_blank">36815763</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20922632">Pulmonary Palacos embolism: a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rasch A,
Sindermann J,
Scheld HH,
Hoffmeier A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Thorac Cardiovasc Surg</span>
2010 Oct;58(7):437-9.
Epub 2010 Oct 4
doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1240847.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20922632" target="_blank">20922632</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/8864590">Relationship between osteoporosis and arthritis and effect of corticosteroids and other drugs on bone.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Henderson NK,
Sambrook PN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
1996 Jul;8(4):365-9.
doi: 10.1097/00002281-199607000-00015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/8864590" target="_blank">8864590</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3619959">Determinants of axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sambrook PN,
Eisman JA,
Champion GD,
Yeates MG,
Pocock NA,
Eberl S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Rheum</span>
1987 Jul;30(7):721-8.
doi: 10.1002/art.1780300701.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3619959" target="_blank">3619959</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Generalized%20osteoporosis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (24)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29618366">Bisphosphonate therapy for spinal osteoporosis in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome - new data and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pittaway JFH,
Harrison C,
Rhee Y,
Holder-Espinasse M,
Fryer AE,
Cundy T,
Drake WM,
Irving MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2018 Apr 4;13(1):47.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0795-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29618366" target="_blank">29618366</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5885380" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17377962">Heterozygous nonsense mutation SATB2 associated with cleft palate, osteoporosis, and cognitive defects.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leoyklang P,
Suphapeetiporn K,
Siriwan P,
Desudchit T,
Chaowanapanja P,
Gahl WA,
Shotelersuk V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2007 Jul;28(7):732-8.
doi: 10.1002/humu.20515.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17377962" target="_blank">17377962</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12819477">Effects of rheumatoid arthritis on bone.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Haugeberg G,
Ørstavik RE,
Kvien TK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Rheumatol</span>
2003 Jul;15(4):469-75.
doi: 10.1097/00002281-200307000-00016.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12819477" target="_blank">12819477</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2042057">Osteoporosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joffe I,
Epstein S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Arthritis Rheum</span>
1991 Feb;20(4):256-72.
doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(91)90021-q.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2042057" target="_blank">2042057</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3619959">Determinants of axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sambrook PN,
Eisman JA,
Champion GD,
Yeates MG,
Pocock NA,
Eberl S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Rheum</span>
1987 Jul;30(7):721-8.
doi: 10.1002/art.1780300701.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3619959" target="_blank">3619959</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Generalized%20osteoporosis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (21)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29618366">Bisphosphonate therapy for spinal osteoporosis in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome - new data and literature review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pittaway JFH,
Harrison C,
Rhee Y,
Holder-Espinasse M,
Fryer AE,
Cundy T,
Drake WM,
Irving MD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
2018 Apr 4;13(1):47.
doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0795-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29618366" target="_blank">29618366</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5885380" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19479876">The relationship between focal erosions and generalized osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Solomon DH,
Finkelstein JS,
Shadick N,
LeBoff MS,
Winalski CS,
Stedman M,
Glass R,
Brookhart MA,
Weinblatt ME,
Gravallese EM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Rheum</span>
2009 Jun;60(6):1624-31.
doi: 10.1002/art.24551.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19479876" target="_blank">19479876</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2748798" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17377962">Heterozygous nonsense mutation SATB2 associated with cleft palate, osteoporosis, and cognitive defects.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Leoyklang P,
Suphapeetiporn K,
Siriwan P,
Desudchit T,
Chaowanapanja P,
Gahl WA,
Shotelersuk V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hum Mutat</span>
2007 Jul;28(7):732-8.
doi: 10.1002/humu.20515.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17377962" target="_blank">17377962</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2042057">Osteoporosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and management.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Joffe I,
Epstein S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Semin Arthritis Rheum</span>
1991 Feb;20(4):256-72.
doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(91)90021-q.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2042057" target="_blank">2042057</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/3619959">Determinants of axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sambrook PN,
Eisman JA,
Champion GD,
Yeates MG,
Pocock NA,
Eberl S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arthritis Rheum</span>
1987 Jul;30(7):721-8.
doi: 10.1002/art.1780300701.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/3619959" target="_blank">3619959</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Generalized%20osteoporosis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (25)</a></div></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32854429">Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cortés-Martín J,
Díaz-Rodríguez L,
Piqueras-Sola B,
Rodríguez-Blanque R,
Bermejo-Fernández A,
Sánchez-García JC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Environ Res Public Health</span>
2020 Aug 25;17(17)
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176174.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32854429" target="_blank">32854429</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7504254" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Generalized%20osteoporosis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C4551680%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (4)</a></li>
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