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<meta name="keywords" content="C0596773, brain inflammation, disease or syndrome, encephalitis infection, encephalitis, infectious, infectious encephalitis, infective encephalitis, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="A disorder of the brain caused by an infectious agent that presents with fever, headache, and an altered level of consciousness. There may also be focal or multifocal neurologic deficits, and focal or generalized seizure activity." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=108917
ConceptID=C0596773
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Infectious encephalitis</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>108917</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0596773</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Encephalitis, Infectious; Infectious Encephalitis</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Infective encephalitis (312215006)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0002383">HP:0002383</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0020067" target="_blank">MONDO:0020067</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">A disorder of the brain caused by an infectious agent that presents with fever, headache, and an altered level of consciousness. There may also be focal or multifocal neurologic deficits, and focal or generalized seizure activity. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li><li><a href="#tabORDO">Orphanet</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Clinical test">C</span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="ClinVar">V</span></span><span class="TLline">Infectious encephalitis</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4347" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disease">Disease</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/232130" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder by Site">Disorder by Site</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14336" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of nervous system">Disorder of nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3306" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Disorder of the central nervous system">Disorder of the central nervous system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/14214" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Brain disorder">Brain disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4027" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Encephalitis">Encephalitis</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Infectious encephalitis</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/572555" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Bacterial encephalitis">Bacterial encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/116719" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Viral encephalitis">Viral encephalitis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/231027" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acute hemorrhagic encephalitis">Acute hemorrhagic encephalitis</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4937" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis">Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1768646" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for COVID-19-Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalitis">COVID-19-Associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalitis</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/83264" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acute necrotizing encephalitis">Acute necrotizing encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1641610" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood">Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4933" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis, vector unknown">Arthropod-borne viral encephalitis, vector unknown</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4931" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for California encephalitis virus infection neuroinvasive disease">California encephalitis virus infection neuroinvasive disease</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/8605" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Encephalomyelitis, Equine">Encephalomyelitis, Equine</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4032" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Japanese encephalitis virus disease">Japanese encephalitis virus disease</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/41773" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for St. Louis encephalitis">St. Louis encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4034" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tick-borne encephalitis">Tick-borne encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/22705" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for West Nile fever">West Nile fever</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/40398" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Colorado tick fever">Colorado tick fever</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1741717" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for COVID-19-Associated Encephalitis">COVID-19-Associated Encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/102258" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Eastern equine encephalitis">Eastern equine encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1778372" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for EBV encephalitis">EBV encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/4028" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Encephalitis lethargica">Encephalitis lethargica</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/572543" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Enteroviral encephalitis">Enteroviral encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1388276" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hendra virus infection">Hendra virus infection</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/75794" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Herpes simplex encephalitis">Herpes simplex encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/124361" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Kluver-Bucy syndrome">Kluver-Bucy syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/547309" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for La Crosse encephalitis">La Crosse encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/152945" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis">Mosquito-borne viral encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1636101" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mycoplasma encephalitis">Mycoplasma encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/728863" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Nipah virus disease">Nipah virus disease</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/102257" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Postvaricella encephalitis">Postvaricella encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/7327" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy">Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/726815" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Progressive rubella panencephalitis">Progressive rubella panencephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52527" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis">Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/155889" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for West-Nile encephalitis">West-Nile encephalitis</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/57778" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Western equine encephalitis">Western equine encephalitis</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id="tabORDO">Follow <a target="_blank" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/Disease_Classif.php?lng=EN&amp;data_id=156&amp;PatId=13269&amp;search=Disease_Classif_Simple&amp;new=1" class="ital bold">this link</a> to review classifications for <span class="ital">Infectious encephalitis</span> in Orphanet.</div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_52527"><div><strong>Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>52527</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0038522</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by persistent central nervous system infection with the measles virus (summary by Torisu et al., 2004).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/52527">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_65123"><div><strong>X-linked agammaglobulinemia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65123</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221026</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections in affected males in the first two years of life. Recurrent otitis is the most common infection prior to diagnosis. Conjunctivitis, sinopulmonary infections, diarrhea, and skin infections are also frequently seen. Approximately 60% of individuals with XLA are recognized as having immunodeficiency when they develop a severe, life-threatening infection such as pneumonia, empyema, meningitis, sepsis, cellulitis, or septic arthritis. S pneumoniae and H influenzae are the most common organisms found prior to diagnosis and may continue to cause sinusitis and otitis after diagnosis and the initiation of gammaglobulin substitution therapy. Severe, difficult-to-treat enteroviral infections (often manifesting as dermatomyositis or chronic meningoencephalitis) can be prevented by this treatment. The prognosis for individuals with XLA has improved markedly in the last 25 years as a result of earlier diagnosis, the development of preparations of gammaglobulin that allow normal concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G to be achieved, and more liberal use of antibiotics.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65123">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_141630"><div><strong>X-linked agammaglobulinemia with growth hormone deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>141630</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0472813</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">IGHD3 is characterized by agammaglobulinemia and markedly reduced numbers of B cells, short stature, delayed bone age, and good response to treatment with growth hormone (summary by Conley et al., 1991).&#13; For general phenotypic information and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of IGHD, see 262400.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/141630">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_395288"><div><strong>Bare lymphocyte syndrome type 2, complementation group A</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>395288</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859534</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bare lymphocyte syndrome type II (BLS II) is an inherited disorder of the immune system categorized as a form of combined immunodeficiency (CID). People with BLS II lack virtually all immune protection from bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are prone to repeated and persistent infections that can be very serious or life-threatening. These infections are often caused by "opportunistic" organisms that ordinarily do not cause illness in people with a normal immune system.\n\nBLS II is typically diagnosed in the first year of life. Most affected infants have persistent infections in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts. Because of the infections, affected infants have difficulty absorbing nutrients (malabsorption), and they grow more slowly than their peers. Eventually, the persistent infections lead to organ failure. Without treatment, individuals with BLS II usually do not survive past early childhood.\n\nIn people with BLS II, infection-fighting white blood cells (lymphocytes) are missing specialized proteins on their surface called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins, which is where the condition got its name. Because BLS II is the most common and best studied form of a group of related conditions, it is often referred to as simply bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/395288">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_400366"><div><strong>Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400366</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1863727</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-2 (FHL2) is an autosomal recessive disorder of immune dysregulation with onset in infancy or early childhood. It is characterized clinically by fever, edema, hepatosplenomegaly, and liver dysfunction. Neurologic impairment, seizures, and ataxia are frequent. Laboratory studies show pancytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, hypofibrinogenemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. There is increased production of cytokines, such as gamma-interferon (IFNG; 147570) and TNF-alpha (191160), by hyperactivation and proliferation of T cells and macrophages. Activity of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells is reduced, consistent with a defect in cellular cytotoxicity. Bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver show features of hemophagocytosis. Chemotherapy and/or immunosuppressant therapy may result in symptomatic remission, but the disorder is fatal without bone marrow transplantation (summary by Dufourcq-Lagelouse et al., 1999, Stepp et al., 1999, and Molleran Lee et al., 2004).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of FHL, see 267700.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400366">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863632"><div><strong>Immunodeficiency 37</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863632</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4015195</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any primary immunodeficiency disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the BCL10 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863632">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1642840"><div><strong>Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1642840</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551514</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by a macrophage activation syndrome with an onset usually occurring within a few months or less common several years after birth.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1642840">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1770239"><div><strong>X-linked lymphoproliferative disease due to SH2D1A deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1770239</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5399825</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) in general is characterized by an inappropriate immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection leading to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or severe mononucleosis, dysgammaglobulinemia, and lymphoproliferative disease (malignant lymphoma). The condition primarily affects males. XLP has two recognizable subtypes, XLP1 (due to pathogenic variants in SH2D1A) and XLP2 (due to pathogenic variants in XIAP). HLH / fulminant infectious mononucleosis is the most common presentation regardless of subtype. HLH is characterized as an acute illness with prolonged and high fever, bi- or trilineage cytopenias, and hepatosplenomegaly, which is often severe or fatal. Death is generally secondary to liver failure or multisystem organ dysfunction. In those with XLP1, dys- or hypogammaglobulinemia can lead to varying degrees of humoral immune dysfunction associated with bronchiectasis and recurrent respiratory infections that, if untreated, may result in death. Lymphoproliferative disease (malignant lymphoma) and other lymphoproliferative diseases are specific to XLP1 and often develop in childhood, usually following EBV exposure. Rarer findings in those with XLP1 can include aplastic anemia, vasculitis, and lymphoid granulomatosis. Males with XLP2 are more likely to have HLH without EBV infection, recurrent episodes of HLH (which is not typically seen in those with XLP1), splenomegaly, and gastrointestinal disease, including enterocolitis and perirectal abscesses or fistulae. Rarely, individuals with XLP2 and inflammatory bowel disease have been reported to develop inflammatory liver disease, which can progress to fatal liver failure. Transient hypogammaglobulinemia has been rarely observed in those with XLP2. To date, neither lymphoproliferative disease nor common variable immunodeficiency has been reported in males with XLP2. Heterozygous females rarely have symptoms. There are, however, increasing numbers of reports of affected females with unfavorable (skewed) X-chromosome inactivation favoring the X chromosome with the pathogenic variant who develop HLH, inflammatory bowel disease, and erythema nodosum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1770239">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_395288" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bare lymphocyte syndrome type 2, complementation group A</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_400366" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1642840" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863632" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Immunodeficiency 37</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_52527" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_65123" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked agammaglobulinemia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_141630" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked agammaglobulinemia with growth hormone deficiency</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1770239" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">X-linked lymphoproliferative disease due to SH2D1A deficiency</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/36573629">Successful Treatment of Balamuthia mandrillaris Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis with Nitroxoline.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Spottiswoode N,
Pet D,
Kim A,
Gruenberg K,
Shah M,
Ramachandran A,
Laurie MT,
Zia M,
Fouassier C,
Boutros CL,
Lu R,
Zhang Y,
Servellita V,
Bollen A,
Chiu CY,
Wilson MR,
Valdivia L,
DeRisi JL</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Emerg Infect Dis</span>
2023 Jan;29(1):197-201.
doi: 10.3201/eid2901.221531.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/36573629" target="_blank">36573629</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9796214" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31376994">Management of infectious encephalitis in adults: Highlights from the French guidelines (short version).</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinez-Almoyna L,
De Broucker T,
Mailles A,
Stahl JP;
Scientific Committee of the French Guidelines on the Management of Infectious Encephalitis in Adults</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Rev Neurol (Paris)</span>
2019 Sep-Oct;175(7-8):436-441.
Epub 2019 Jul 31
doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.07.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31376994" target="_blank">31376994</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28412044">Guidelines on the management of infectious encephalitis in adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stahl JP,
Azouvi P,
Bruneel F,
De Broucker T,
Duval X,
Fantin B,
Girard N,
Herrmann JL,
Honnorat J,
Lecuit M,
Mailles A,
Martinez-Almoyna L,
Morand P,
Piroth L,
Tattevin P;
reviewing group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Mal Infect</span>
2017 May;47(3):179-194.
Epub 2017 Apr 12
doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.01.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28412044" target="_blank">28412044</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22infectious%20encephalitis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (17)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38527616">Characteristics, management and outcome of Herpes Simplex and Varicella-Zoster virus encephalitis: a multicentre prospective cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Poussier L,
Mailles A,
Tattevin P,
Stahl JP,
Fillâtre P;
scientific committee and investigators group;
investigators group are;
scientific committee are</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Microbiol Infect</span>
2024 Jul;30(7):917-923.
Epub 2024 Mar 26
doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38527616" target="_blank">38527616</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37777038">General features, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnostics of autoimmune encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Masciocchi S,
Businaro P,
Scaranzin S,
Morandi C,
Franciotta D,
Gastaldi M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci</span>
2024 Jan;61(1):45-69.
Epub 2024 Jan 5
doi: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2247482.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37777038" target="_blank">37777038</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37938768">Latent human herpesvirus 6 is reactivated in CAR T cells.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lareau CA,
Yin Y,
Maurer K,
Sandor KD,
Daniel B,
Yagnik G,
Peña J,
Crawford JC,
Spanjaart AM,
Gutierrez JC,
Haradhvala NJ,
Riberdy JM,
Abay T,
Stickels RR,
Verboon JM,
Liu V,
Buquicchio FA,
Wang F,
Southard J,
Song R,
Li W,
Shrestha A,
Parida L,
Getz G,
Maus MV,
Li S,
Moore A,
Roberts ZJ,
Ludwig LS,
Talleur AC,
Thomas PG,
Dehghani H,
Pertel T,
Kundaje A,
Gottschalk S,
Roth TL,
Kersten MJ,
Wu CJ,
Majzner RG,
Satpathy AT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2023 Nov;623(7987):608-615.
Epub 2023 Nov 8
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06704-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37938768" target="_blank">37938768</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10999258" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37093056">Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Haston JC,
Cope JR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Infect Dis</span>
2023 Jun 1;36(3):186-191.
Epub 2023 Apr 10
doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000923.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37093056" target="_blank">37093056</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10798061" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34623096">Encephalitis and Brain Abscess.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Venkatesan A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2021 Aug 1;27(4):855-886.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34623096" target="_blank">34623096</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infectious%20encephalitis%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (128)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39088286">Autoimmune Encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Irani SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2024 Aug 1;30(4):995-1020.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001448.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39088286" target="_blank">39088286</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34623096">Encephalitis and Brain Abscess.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Venkatesan A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2021 Aug 1;27(4):855-886.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34623096" target="_blank">34623096</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30921087">Herpes simplex virus encephalitis update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stahl JP,
Mailles A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Infect Dis</span>
2019 Jun;32(3):239-243.
doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000554.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30921087" target="_blank">30921087</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30366550">Viral Encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Venkatesan A,
Murphy OC</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Clin</span>
2018 Nov;36(4):705-724.
Epub 2018 Sep 20
doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2018.07.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30366550" target="_blank">30366550</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29293273">Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dubey D,
Pittock SJ,
Kelly CR,
McKeon A,
Lopez-Chiriboga AS,
Lennon VA,
Gadoth A,
Smith CY,
Bryant SC,
Klein CJ,
Aksamit AJ,
Toledano M,
Boeve BF,
Tillema JM,
Flanagan EP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Neurol</span>
2018 Jan;83(1):166-177.
doi: 10.1002/ana.25131.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29293273" target="_blank">29293273</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6011827" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infectious%20encephalitis%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (221)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38527616">Characteristics, management and outcome of Herpes Simplex and Varicella-Zoster virus encephalitis: a multicentre prospective cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Poussier L,
Mailles A,
Tattevin P,
Stahl JP,
Fillâtre P;
scientific committee and investigators group;
investigators group are;
scientific committee are</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Microbiol Infect</span>
2024 Jul;30(7):917-923.
Epub 2024 Mar 26
doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38527616" target="_blank">38527616</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37938768">Latent human herpesvirus 6 is reactivated in CAR T cells.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lareau CA,
Yin Y,
Maurer K,
Sandor KD,
Daniel B,
Yagnik G,
Peña J,
Crawford JC,
Spanjaart AM,
Gutierrez JC,
Haradhvala NJ,
Riberdy JM,
Abay T,
Stickels RR,
Verboon JM,
Liu V,
Buquicchio FA,
Wang F,
Southard J,
Song R,
Li W,
Shrestha A,
Parida L,
Getz G,
Maus MV,
Li S,
Moore A,
Roberts ZJ,
Ludwig LS,
Talleur AC,
Thomas PG,
Dehghani H,
Pertel T,
Kundaje A,
Gottschalk S,
Roth TL,
Kersten MJ,
Wu CJ,
Majzner RG,
Satpathy AT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2023 Nov;623(7987):608-615.
Epub 2023 Nov 8
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06704-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37938768" target="_blank">37938768</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10999258" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34509449">Treatment of Acanthamoeba Encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wolf MA,
Thielman NM,
Kraft BD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med</span>
2022 Jan;135(1):e20-e21.
Epub 2021 Sep 9
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.08.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34509449" target="_blank">34509449</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30921087">Herpes simplex virus encephalitis update.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stahl JP,
Mailles A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Infect Dis</span>
2019 Jun;32(3):239-243.
doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000554.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30921087" target="_blank">30921087</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28412044">Guidelines on the management of infectious encephalitis in adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stahl JP,
Azouvi P,
Bruneel F,
De Broucker T,
Duval X,
Fantin B,
Girard N,
Herrmann JL,
Honnorat J,
Lecuit M,
Mailles A,
Martinez-Almoyna L,
Morand P,
Piroth L,
Tattevin P;
reviewing group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Mal Infect</span>
2017 May;47(3):179-194.
Epub 2017 Apr 12
doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.01.005.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28412044" target="_blank">28412044</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infectious%20encephalitis%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (86)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39088286">Autoimmune Encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Irani SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2024 Aug 1;30(4):995-1020.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001448.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39088286" target="_blank">39088286</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37777038">General features, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnostics of autoimmune encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Masciocchi S,
Businaro P,
Scaranzin S,
Morandi C,
Franciotta D,
Gastaldi M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci</span>
2024 Jan;61(1):45-69.
Epub 2024 Jan 5
doi: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2247482.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37777038" target="_blank">37777038</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34509449">Treatment of Acanthamoeba Encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wolf MA,
Thielman NM,
Kraft BD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med</span>
2022 Jan;135(1):e20-e21.
Epub 2021 Sep 9
doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.08.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34509449" target="_blank">34509449</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30680554">Pharmacokinetic considerations in selecting optimal antibiotic therapy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cunha BA,
Cunha CB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis</span>
2019 Apr;38(4):631-635.
Epub 2019 Jan 24
doi: 10.1007/s10096-018-03448-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30680554" target="_blank">30680554</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29293273">Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Dubey D,
Pittock SJ,
Kelly CR,
McKeon A,
Lopez-Chiriboga AS,
Lennon VA,
Gadoth A,
Smith CY,
Bryant SC,
Klein CJ,
Aksamit AJ,
Toledano M,
Boeve BF,
Tillema JM,
Flanagan EP</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Ann Neurol</span>
2018 Jan;83(1):166-177.
doi: 10.1002/ana.25131.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29293273" target="_blank">29293273</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC6011827" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infectious%20encephalitis%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (102)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/39088286">Autoimmune Encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Irani SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Continuum (Minneap Minn)</span>
2024 Aug 1;30(4):995-1020.
doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001448.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/39088286" target="_blank">39088286</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37938768">Latent human herpesvirus 6 is reactivated in CAR T cells.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lareau CA,
Yin Y,
Maurer K,
Sandor KD,
Daniel B,
Yagnik G,
Peña J,
Crawford JC,
Spanjaart AM,
Gutierrez JC,
Haradhvala NJ,
Riberdy JM,
Abay T,
Stickels RR,
Verboon JM,
Liu V,
Buquicchio FA,
Wang F,
Southard J,
Song R,
Li W,
Shrestha A,
Parida L,
Getz G,
Maus MV,
Li S,
Moore A,
Roberts ZJ,
Ludwig LS,
Talleur AC,
Thomas PG,
Dehghani H,
Pertel T,
Kundaje A,
Gottschalk S,
Roth TL,
Kersten MJ,
Wu CJ,
Majzner RG,
Satpathy AT</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nature</span>
2023 Nov;623(7987):608-615.
Epub 2023 Nov 8
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06704-2.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37938768" target="_blank">37938768</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10999258" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37207520">Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with infectious encephalitis requiring intensive care: A prospective multicentre observational study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Fillatre P,
Mailles A,
Stahl JP,
Tattevin P;
Scientific Committee and Investigators Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Crit Care</span>
2023 Oct;77:154300.
Epub 2023 May 17
doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154300.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37207520" target="_blank">37207520</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37022378">Clinical features, etiologies, and outcomes in adult patients with meningoencephalitis requiring intensive care (EURECA): an international prospective multicenter cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sonneville R,
de Montmollin E,
Contou D,
Ferrer R,
Gurjar M,
Klouche K,
Sarton B,
Demeret S,
Bailly P,
da Silva D,
Escudier E,
Le Guennec L,
Chabanne R,
Argaud L,
Ben Hadj Salem O,
Thyrault M,
Frerou A,
Louis G,
De Pascale G,
Horn J,
Helbok R,
Geri G,
Bruneel F,
Martin-Loeches I,
Taccone FS,
De Waele JJ,
Ruckly S,
Staiquly Q,
Citerio G,
Timsit JF;
EURECA Investigator Study Group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Intensive Care Med</span>
2023 May;49(5):517-529.
Epub 2023 Apr 6
doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07032-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37022378" target="_blank">37022378</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30680554">Pharmacokinetic considerations in selecting optimal antibiotic therapy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cunha BA,
Cunha CB</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis</span>
2019 Apr;38(4):631-635.
Epub 2019 Jan 24
doi: 10.1007/s10096-018-03448-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30680554" target="_blank">30680554</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infectious%20encephalitis%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (69)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35474146">Diagnostic accuracy of the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for detection of bacterial meningoencephalitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanaujia R,
Biswal M,
Angrup A,
Ray P</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis</span>
2022 Jun;41(6):881-891.
Epub 2022 Apr 26
doi: 10.1007/s10096-022-04445-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35474146" target="_blank">35474146</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34768019">Lyme neuroborreliosis with encephalitis; a systematic literature review and a Scandinavian cohort study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Knudtzen FC,
Eikeland R,
Bremell D,
Quist-Paulsen E,
Johansen IS,
Solheim AM,
Skarphédinsson S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Clin Microbiol Infect</span>
2022 May;28(5):649-656.
Epub 2021 Nov 10
doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.001.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34768019" target="_blank">34768019</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29764868">Systematic review of rehabilitation intervention outcomes of adult and paediatric patients with infectious encephalitis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Christie S,
Chan V,
Mollayeva T,
Colantonio A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">BMJ Open</span>
2018 May 14;8(5):e015928.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015928.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29764868" target="_blank">29764868</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5961616" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28336304">Management of adult infectious encephalitis in metropolitan France.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Goulenok T,
Buzelé R,
Duval X,
Bruneel F,
Stahl JP,
Fantin B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Med Mal Infect</span>
2017 May;47(3):206-220.
Epub 2017 Mar 20
doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.01.006.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28336304" target="_blank">28336304</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28090819">Toxoplasmic encephalitis relapse rates with pyrimethamine-based therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Connolly MP,
Goodwin E,
Schey C,
Zummo J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pathog Glob Health</span>
2017 Feb;111(1):31-44.
Epub 2017 Jan 16
doi: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1273597.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28090819" target="_blank">28090819</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5375610" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Infectious%20encephalitis%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22infectious%20encephalitis%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Infectious%20encephalitis%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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