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1160 lines
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166 KiB
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<!--
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||
UID=102477
|
||
ConceptID=C0162835
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-->
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<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hypopigmentation of the skin</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>102477</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0162835</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
|
||
<td>Hypomelanoses; Hypomelanosis; Hypopigmentation</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
|
||
<td>Hypopigmentation (89031001); Leukoderma (23006000); Hypopigmentation (23006000); Achromoderma (23006000); Hypomelanosis (23006000); Depigmentation (18655006); Hypomelanosis (18655006); Hypopigmentation of skin (23006000); Skin hypopigmented (23006000)</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0001010">HP:0001010</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0019290" target="_blank">MONDO:0019290</a></td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Orphanet:</td>
|
||
<td><a target="_blank" title="Orphanet: The portal for rare diseases and orphan drugs" href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=79376">ORPHA79376</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="rprt-body jig-ncbiinpagenav" data-jigconfig="smoothScroll: false, gotoTopLink: true, gotoTopLinkText: '', gotoTopLinkAttrs: {'title': 'Go to the top of the page'},allHeadingLevels: ['h1'], topOfPageTOC: true, tocId: 'my-toc'"><div id="rprt-tabs-1" class="rprt-tab"><div id="tb-termsProp-1"><div class="leftCol mgCol"><div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">A reduction of skin color related to a decrease in melanin production and deposition. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
|
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</div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
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<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test, </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test, </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM, </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>, </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0162835[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="ncbi_uid=102477">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=102477" ref="ncbi_uid=102477">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hypopigmentation of the skin</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Phenotypic abnormality">Phenotypic abnormality</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/871273" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the integument">Abnormality of the integument</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1845238" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the skin">Abnormality of the skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869110" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal skin morphology">Abnormal skin morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/224697" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of skin pigmentation">Abnormality of skin pigmentation</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hypopigmentation of the skin</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/393051" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent skin pigmentation">Absent skin pigmentation</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868107" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent pigmentation of chest">Absent pigmentation of chest</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870403" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent pigmentation of the ventral chest">Absent pigmentation of the ventral chest</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868557" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent pigmentation of the abdomen">Absent pigmentation of the abdomen</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/868556" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Absent pigmentation of the limbs">Absent pigmentation of the limbs</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/182" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Albinism">Albinism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/3347" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Chédiak-Higashi syndrome">Chédiak-Higashi syndrome</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/193" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Aleutian disease">Aleutian disease</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/38147" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ocular albinism">Ocular albinism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/337149" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness">Ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/90991" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Ocular albinism, type I">Ocular albinism, type I</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/36250" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oculocutaneous albinism">Oculocutaneous albinism</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/36313" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/82809" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oculocutaneous albinism type 1">Oculocutaneous albinism type 1</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/87450" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oculocutaneous albinism type 3">Oculocutaneous albinism type 3</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/338324" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oculocutaneous albinism type 4">Oculocutaneous albinism type 4</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/854888" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oculocutaneous albinism type 5">Oculocutaneous albinism type 5</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/811705" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oculocutaneous albinism type 6">Oculocutaneous albinism type 6</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/815116" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oculocutaneous albinism type 7">Oculocutaneous albinism type 7</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1754121" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Oculocutaneous albinism type 8">Oculocutaneous albinism type 8</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1643910" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism">Tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/82810" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism">Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/36361" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Piebaldism">Piebaldism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/375573" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Albinism-hearing loss syndrome">Albinism-hearing loss syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870402" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Confetti hypopigmentation pattern of lower leg skin">Confetti hypopigmentation pattern of lower leg skin</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/355712" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Deaf blind hypopigmentation syndrome, Yemenite type">Deaf blind hypopigmentation syndrome, Yemenite type</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/340426" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Generalized hypopigmentation">Generalized hypopigmentation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/356483" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Hypopigmented streaks">Hypopigmented streaks</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870395" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mediosternal, longitudinal streak of hypopigmentation">Mediosternal, longitudinal streak of hypopigmentation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1806249" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Linear hypopigmentation and craniofacial asymmetry with acral, ocular and brain anomalies">Linear hypopigmentation and craniofacial asymmetry with acral, ocular and brain anomalies</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870152" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Mixed hypo- and hyperpigmentation of the skin">Mixed hypo- and hyperpigmentation of the skin</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870440" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Areas of hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation that do not follow Blaschko lines">Areas of hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation that do not follow Blaschko lines</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870421" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Axillary and groin hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation">Axillary and groin hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/870429" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Increased groin pigmentation with raindrop depigmentation">Increased groin pigmentation with raindrop depigmentation</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867215" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Patchy hypo- and hyperpigmentation">Patchy hypo- and hyperpigmentation</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1847660" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Partial albinism">Partial albinism</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/373160" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for PCWH syndrome">PCWH syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/358177" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Piebald trait-neurologic defects syndrome">Piebald trait-neurologic defects syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/98213" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Tietz syndrome">Tietz syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/340962" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Vici syndrome">Vici syndrome</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/22677" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Vitiligo">Vitiligo</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/812758" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Progressive vitiligo">Progressive vitiligo</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/473809" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome">Waardenburg syndrome</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/376211" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 1">Waardenburg syndrome type 1</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/398443" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 2">Waardenburg syndrome type 2</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/349786" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 2A">Waardenburg syndrome type 2A</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/373973" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 2B">Waardenburg syndrome type 2B</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/335755" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 2C">Waardenburg syndrome type 2C</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/323102" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 2D">Waardenburg syndrome type 2D</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/398476" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 2E">Waardenburg syndrome type 2E</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/86948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 3">Waardenburg syndrome type 3</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/341244" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 4A">Waardenburg syndrome type 4A</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/979427" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg-Shah syndrome">Waardenburg-Shah syndrome</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/412961" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 4B">Waardenburg syndrome type 4B</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/413310" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Waardenburg syndrome type 4C">Waardenburg syndrome type 4C</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_2685"><div><strong>Bloom syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>2685</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0005859</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Bloom syndrome (BSyn) is characterized by severe pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, immune abnormalities, sensitivity to sunlight, insulin resistance, and a high risk for many cancers that occur at an early age. Despite their very small head circumference, most affected individuals have normal intellectual ability. Women may be fertile but often have early menopause, and men tend to be infertile, with only one confirmed case of paternity. Serious medical complications that are more common than in the general population and that also appear at unusually early ages include cancer of a wide variety of types and anatomic sites, diabetes mellitus as a result of insulin resistance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypothyroidism.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/2685">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_3347"><div><strong>Chédiak-Higashi syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>3347</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0007965</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is characterized by partial oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), immunodeficiency, a mild bleeding tendency, and late adolescent- to adult-onset neurologic manifestations (e.g., learning difficulties, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and parkinsonism). While present in nearly all individuals with CHS, these clinical findings vary in severity. Of note, all individuals with CHS are at risk of developing neurologic manifestations and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Individuals with severe childhood-onset presentations are considered to have "classic" CHS, whereas individuals with milder adolescent- to adult-onset presentations are considered to have "atypical" CHS. Because of the considerable overlap between classic CHS and atypical CHS, the disorder is best understood as a continuum of severe to milder phenotypes, with the universal feature being the pathognomonic giant granules within leukocytes observed on peripheral blood smear.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/3347">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_42055"><div><strong>Focal dermal hypoplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42055</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0016395</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">PORCN-related developmental disorders include a spectrum of highly variable multisystem disorders caused by developmental abnormalities in mesodermal and ectodermal structures primarily involving the skin, limbs, eyes, and face. The manifestations vary among affected individuals, and many have only a subset of the characteristic features. Skin manifestations present at birth include atrophic and hypoplastic areas of skin; cutis aplasia; fat nodules in the dermis manifesting as soft, yellow-pink cutaneous nodules; and pigmentary changes. Verrucous papillomas of the skin and mucous membranes may appear later. The nails can be ridged, dysplastic, or hypoplastic; hair can be sparse or absent. Limb malformations include oligo- and syndactyly and split hand/foot. Developmental abnormalities of the eye can include anophthalmia/microphthalmia, iris and chorioretinal coloboma, and lacrimal duct abnormalities. Craniofacial findings can include facial asymmetry, notched alae nasi, cleft lip and palate, pointed chin, and small, underfolded pinnae. Dental anomalies can include hypodontia, enamel defects, and/or abnormally shaped teeth. Occasional findings include abdominal wall defects, diaphragmatic hernia, and renal anomalies. Psychomotor development is usually normal; some individuals have cognitive impairment and/or behavioral issues.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42055">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_44030"><div><strong>Menkes kinky-hair syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44030</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0022716</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Menkes disease (MNK) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by generalized copper deficiency. The clinical features result from the dysfunction of several copper-dependent enzymes.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44030">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_58144"><div><strong>Angelman syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>58144</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C0162635</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by severe developmental delay or intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, gait ataxia and/or tremulousness of the limbs, and unique behavior with an apparent happy demeanor that includes frequent laughing, smiling, and excitability. Microcephaly and seizures are also common. Developmental delays are first noted at around age six months; however, the unique clinical features of AS do not become manifest until after age one year.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/58144">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120540"><div><strong>Pallister-Killian syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120540</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0265449</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a dysmorphic condition involving most organ systems, but is also characterized by a tissue-limited mosaicism; most fibroblasts have 47 chromosomes with an extra small metacentric chromosome, whereas the karyotype of lymphocytes is normal. The extra metacentric chromosome is an isochromosome for part of the short arm of chromosome 12: i(12)(p10) (Peltomaki et al., 1987; Warburton et al., 1987).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120540">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_82810"><div><strong>Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>82810</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0268495</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism (OCA, type II; OCA2) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which the biosynthesis of melanin pigment is reduced in skin, hair, and eyes. Although affected infants may appear at birth to have OCA type I, or complete absence of melanin pigment, most patients with OCA type II acquire small amounts of pigment with age. Individuals with OCA type II have the characteristic visual anomalies associated with albinism, including decreased acuity and nystagmus, which are usually less severe than in OCA type I (Lee et al., 1994; King et al., 2001). OCA type II has a highly variable phenotype. The hair of affected individuals may turn darker with age, and pigmented nevi or freckles may be seen. African and African American individuals may have yellow hair and blue-gray or hazel irides. One phenotypic variant, 'brown OCA,' has been described in African and African American populations and is characterized by light brown hair and skin color and gray to tan irides. The hair and irides may turn darker with time and the skin may tan with sun exposure; the ocular features of albinism are present in all variants (King et al., 2001). In addition, previous reports of so-called 'autosomal recessive ocular albinism,' (see, e.g., Witkop et al., 1978 and O'Donnell et al., 1978) with little or no obvious skin involvement, are now considered most likely to be part of the phenotypic spectrum of OCA1 or OCA2 (Lee et al., 1994; King et al., 2001).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/82810">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_199606"><div><strong>Classic homocystinuria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>199606</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C0751202</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Homocystinuria caused by cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) deficiency is characterized by involvement of the eye (ectopia lentis and/or severe myopia), skeletal system (excessive height, long limbs, scolioisis, and pectus excavatum), vascular system (thromboembolism), and CNS (developmental delay/intellectual disability). All four ? or only one ? of the systems can be involved; expressivity is variable for all of the clinical signs. It is not unusual for a previously asymptomatic individual to present in adult years with only a thromboembolic event that is often cerebrovascular. Two phenotypic variants are recognized, B6-responsive homocystinuria and B6-non-responsive homocystinuria. B6-responsive homocystinuria is usually milder than the non-responsive variant. Thromboembolism is the major cause of early death and morbidity. IQ in individuals with untreated homocystinuria ranges widely, from 10 to 138. In B6-responsive individuals the mean IQ is 79 versus 57 for those who are B6-non-responsive. Other features that may occur include: seizures, psychiatric problems, extrapyramidal signs (e.g., dystonia), hypopigmentation of the skin and hair, malar flush, livedo reticularis, and pancreatitis.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/199606">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_203367"><div><strong>Sialic acid storage disease, severe infantile type</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>203367</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1096902</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Free sialic acid storage disorders (FSASDs) are a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders resulting from increased lysosomal storage of free sialic acid. Historically, FSASD was divided into separate allelic disorders: Salla disease, intermediate severe Salla disease, and infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD). The mildest type was Salla disease, characterized by normal appearance and absence of neurologic findings at birth, followed by slowly progressive neurologic deterioration resulting in mild-to-moderate psychomotor delays, spasticity, athetosis, and epileptic seizures. Salla disease was named for a municipality in Finnish Lapland where a specific founder variant is relatively prevalent. However, the term Salla has been used in the literature to refer to less severe FSASD. More severe FSASD is historically referred to as ISSD, and is characterized by severe developmental delay, coarse facial features, hepatosplenomegaly, and cardiomegaly; death usually occurs in early childhood.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/203367">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_372135"><div><strong>Primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to p14 deficiency</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>372135</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1835829</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to p14 deficiency is characterised by short stature, hypopigmentation, coarse facies and frequent bronchopulmonary <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> infections.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/372135">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_337712"><div><strong>Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>337712</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1847024</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Oculocutaneous albinism type I is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by absence of pigment in hair, skin, and eyes, and does not vary with race or age. Severe nystagmus, photophobia, and reduced visual acuity are common features. OCA type I is divided into 2 types: type IA, characterized by complete lack of tyrosinase activity due to production of an inactive enzyme, and type IB, characterized by reduced activity of tyrosinase. Although OCA caused by mutations in the TYR gene was classically known as 'tyrosinase-negative' OCA, Tripathi et al. (1992) noted that some patients with 'tyrosinase-positive' OCA may indeed have TYR mutations resulting in residual enzyme activity. These patients can be classified as having OCA1B.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/337712">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_340962"><div><strong>Vici syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340962</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1855772</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">With the current widespread use of multigene panels and comprehensive genomic testing, it has become apparent that the phenotypic spectrum of EPG5-related disorder represents a continuum. At the most severe end of the spectrum is classic Vici syndrome (defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder with multisystem involvement characterized by the combination of agenesis of the corpus callosum, cataracts, hypopigmentation, cardiomyopathy, combined immunodeficiency, microcephaly, and failure to thrive); at the milder end of the spectrum are attenuated neurodevelopmental phenotypes with variable multisystem involvement. Median survival in classic Vici syndrome appears to be 24 months, with only 10% of children surviving longer than age five years; the most common causes of death are respiratory infections as a result of primary immunodeficiency and/or cardiac insufficiency resulting from progressive cardiac failure. No data are available on life span in individuals at the milder end of the spectrum.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340962">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347092"><div><strong>Griscelli syndrome type 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347092</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1859194</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Griscelli syndrome type 1 (GS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair, the presence of large clumps of pigment in hair shafts, and an accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes. In addition to the characteristic silvery-gray appearance of hair and pigmentary defects of skin, GS1 is characterized by primary neurologic deficits that usually are apparent in early infancy and include hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. Immune impairment is not present (summary by Abd Elmaksoud et al., 2020). Bahadoran et al. (2003) characterized GS1 as comprising hypomelanosis and severe central nervous system dysfunction, corresponding to the 'dilute' phenotype in the mouse, and GS2 as comprising hypomelanosis and lymphohistiocytic hemophagocytosis, corresponding to the 'ashen' phenotype in mouse. Anikster et al. (2002), Menasche et al. (2002), Huizing et al. (2002), and Bahadoran et al. (2003, 2003) suggested that Elejalde neuroectodermal melanolysosomal syndrome (256710) in some patients and GS1 represent the same entity. Genetic Heterogeneity of Griscelli Syndrome Griscelli syndrome type 2 (GS2; 607624), characterized by hypomelanosis with immunologic impairment, is caused by mutation in the RAB27A gene (603868). Griscelli syndrome type 3 (GS3; 609227), characterized by hypomelanosis with no immunologic or neurologic manifestations, is caused by mutation in the melanophilin (MLPH; 606526) gene.</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347092">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_348553"><div><strong>Neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>348553</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1860157</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
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<div class="spaceAbove">Elejalde neuroectodermal melanolysosomal syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by silvery-gray hair and severe dysfunction of the central nervous system, present from infancy or early childhood and consisting of severe hypotonia, seizures, and impaired intellectual development. Skin may be hypopigmented with bronzing after sun exposure. Microscopy of hair reveals large granules of melanin unevenly distributed in the hair shaft. Abnormal melanocytes and melanosomes and abnormal inclusion bodies in fibroblasts may be present (Elejalde et al., 1979; Duran-McKinster et al., 1999). It has been proposed that, in at least some cases, Elejalde neuroectodermal melanolysosomal syndrome and Griscelli syndrome type 1 (GS1; 214450) represent the same entity; see below. GS1 is caused by mutation in the MYO5A gene (160777).</div>
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<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/348553">Condition Record</a></div></div>
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<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_400891"><div><strong>Odonto-tricho-ungual-digito-palmar syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>400891</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1865998</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">This syndrome has characteristics of neonatal teeth, trichodystrophy and malformations of the hands and feet. To date, it has been reported in 21 patients and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/400891">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_356767"><div><strong>Raindrop hypopigmentation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>356767</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1867393</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/356767">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_357030"><div><strong>Griscelli syndrome type 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>357030</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C1868679</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Griscelli syndrome type 2 (GS2) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair, the presence of large clumps of pigment in hair shafts, and an accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes. Patients also have immunologic abnormalities with or without neurologic impairment (summary by Menasche et al., 2000). Some GS2 patients have been reported in whom central nervous system manifestations are the first presentation (Rajadhyax et al., 2007, Masri et al., 2008; Mishra et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2017). For a discussion of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of Griscelli syndrome, see Griscelli syndrome type 1 (GS1; 214450).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/357030">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_435914"><div><strong>Mucolipidosis type II</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>435914</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2673377</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">GNPTAB-related disorders comprise the phenotypes mucolipidosis II (ML II) and mucolipidosis IIIa/ß (ML IIIa/ß), and phenotypes intermediate between ML II and ML IIIa/ß. ML II is evident at birth and slowly progressive; death most often occurs in early childhood. Orthopedic abnormalities present at birth may include thoracic deformity, kyphosis, clubfeet, deformed long bones, and/or dislocation of the hip(s). Growth often ceases in the second year of life; contractures develop in all large joints. The skin is thickened, facial features are coarse, and gingiva are hypertrophic. All children have cardiac involvement, most commonly thickening and insufficiency of the mitral valve and, less frequently, the aortic valve. Progressive mucosal thickening narrows the airways, and gradual stiffening of the thoracic cage contributes to respiratory insufficiency, the most common cause of death. ML IIIa/ß becomes evident at about age three years with slow growth rate and short stature; joint stiffness and pain initially in the shoulders, hips, and fingers; gradual mild coarsening of facial features; and normal to mildly impaired cognitive development. Pain from osteoporosis becomes more severe during adolescence. Cardiorespiratory complications (restrictive lung disease, thickening and insufficiency of the mitral and aortic valves, left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy) are common causes of death, typically in early to middle adulthood. Phenotypes intermediate between ML II and ML IIIa/ß are characterized by physical growth in infancy that resembles that of ML II and neuromotor and speech development that resemble that of ML IIIa/ß.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/435914">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_416702"><div><strong>Xeroderma pigmentosum, group C</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>416702</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2752147</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is characterized by: Acute sun sensitivity (severe sunburn with blistering, persistent erythema on minimal sun exposure) with marked freckle-like pigmentation of the face before age two years; Sunlight-induced ocular involvement (photophobia, severe keratitis, atrophy of the skin of the lids, ocular surface neoplasms); Greatly increased risk of sunlight-induced cutaneous neoplasms (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma) within the first decade of life. Approximately 25% of affected individuals have neurologic manifestations (acquired microcephaly, diminished or absent deep tendon stretch reflexes, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, progressive cognitive impairment, and ataxia). The most common causes of death are skin cancer, neurologic degeneration, and internal cancer. The median age at death in persons with XP with neurodegeneration (29 years) was found to be younger than that in persons with XP without neurodegeneration (37 years).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/416702">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419735"><div><strong>Nephropathic cystinosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419735</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2931187</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Cystinosis comprises three allelic phenotypes: Nephropathic cystinosis in untreated children is characterized by renal Fanconi syndrome, poor growth, hypophosphatemic/calcipenic rickets, impaired glomerular function resulting in complete glomerular failure, and accumulation of cystine in almost all cells, leading to cellular dysfunction with tissue and organ impairment. The typical untreated child has short stature, rickets, and photophobia. Failure to thrive is generally noticed after approximately age six months; signs of renal tubular Fanconi syndrome (polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and acidosis) appear as early as age six months; corneal crystals can be present before age one year and are always present after age 16 months. Prior to the use of renal transplantation and cystine-depleting therapy, the life span in nephropathic cystinosis was no longer than ten years. With these interventions, affected individuals can survive at least into the mid-forties or fifties with satisfactory quality of life. Intermediate cystinosis is characterized by all the typical manifestations of nephropathic cystinosis, but onset is at a later age. Renal glomerular failure occurs in all untreated affected individuals, usually between ages 15 and 25 years. The non-nephropathic (ocular) form of cystinosis is characterized clinically only by photophobia resulting from corneal cystine crystal accumulation.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419735">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_419514"><div><strong>Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>419514</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2931875</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, and, in some individuals, pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, and/or immunodeficiency. Ocular findings include nystagmus, reduced iris pigment, reduced retinal pigment, foveal hypoplasia with significant reduction in visual acuity (usually in the range of 20/50 to 20/400), and strabismus in many individuals. Hair color ranges from white to brown; skin color ranges from white to olive and is usually at least a shade lighter than that of other family members. The bleeding diathesis can result in variable degrees of bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, colonic bleeding, and prolonged bleeding with menses or after tooth extraction, circumcision, and/or other surgeries. Pulmonary fibrosis, colitis, and/or neutropenia have been reported in individuals with pathogenic variants in some HPS-related genes. Pulmonary fibrosis, a restrictive lung disease, typically causes symptoms in the early 30s and can progress to death within a decade. Granulomatous colitis is severe in about 15% of affected individuals. Neutropenia and/or immune defects occur primarily in individuals with pathogenic variants in AP3B1 and AP3D1.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/419514">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_423639"><div><strong>Cross syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>423639</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C2936910</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Oculocerebral hypopigmentation syndrome, Cross type is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by cutaneous and ocular hypopigmentation, various ocular anomalies (e.g. corneal and lens opacity, spastic ectropium, and/or nystagmus), growth deficiency, intellectual deficit and other progressive neurologic anomalies such as spastic tetraplegia, hyperreflexia, and/or athetoid movements. The clinical picture varies among patients and may also include other anomalies such as urinary tract abnormalities, Dandy-Walker malformations, and/or bilateral inguinal hernia.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/423639">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_481656"><div><strong>Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>481656</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3280026</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, and, in some individuals, pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, and/or immunodeficiency. Ocular findings include nystagmus, reduced iris pigment, reduced retinal pigment, foveal hypoplasia with significant reduction in visual acuity (usually in the range of 20/50 to 20/400), and strabismus in many individuals. Hair color ranges from white to brown; skin color ranges from white to olive and is usually at least a shade lighter than that of other family members. The bleeding diathesis can result in variable degrees of bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, colonic bleeding, and prolonged bleeding with menses or after tooth extraction, circumcision, and/or other surgeries. Pulmonary fibrosis, colitis, and/or neutropenia have been reported in individuals with pathogenic variants in some HPS-related genes. Pulmonary fibrosis, a restrictive lung disease, typically causes symptoms in the early 30s and can progress to death within a decade. Granulomatous colitis is severe in about 15% of affected individuals. Neutropenia and/or immune defects occur primarily in individuals with pathogenic variants in AP3B1 and AP3D1.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/481656">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_767140"><div><strong>Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>767140</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3554226</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7 (PCH7) is a severe neurologic condition characterized by delayed psychomotor development, hypotonia, breathing abnormalities, and gonadal abnormalities (summary by Anderson et al., 2011). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of PCH, see PCH1 (607596).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/767140">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_854708"><div><strong>Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854708</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3888001</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, and, in some individuals, pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, and/or immunodeficiency. Ocular findings include nystagmus, reduced iris pigment, reduced retinal pigment, foveal hypoplasia with significant reduction in visual acuity (usually in the range of 20/50 to 20/400), and strabismus in many individuals. Hair color ranges from white to brown; skin color ranges from white to olive and is usually at least a shade lighter than that of other family members. The bleeding diathesis can result in variable degrees of bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, colonic bleeding, and prolonged bleeding with menses or after tooth extraction, circumcision, and/or other surgeries. Pulmonary fibrosis, colitis, and/or neutropenia have been reported in individuals with pathogenic variants in some HPS-related genes. Pulmonary fibrosis, a restrictive lung disease, typically causes symptoms in the early 30s and can progress to death within a decade. Granulomatous colitis is severe in about 15% of affected individuals. Neutropenia and/or immune defects occur primarily in individuals with pathogenic variants in AP3B1 and AP3D1.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854708">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_854714"><div><strong>Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>854714</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C3888007</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding diathesis, and, in some individuals, pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, and/or immunodeficiency. Ocular findings include nystagmus, reduced iris pigment, reduced retinal pigment, foveal hypoplasia with significant reduction in visual acuity (usually in the range of 20/50 to 20/400), and strabismus in many individuals. Hair color ranges from white to brown; skin color ranges from white to olive and is usually at least a shade lighter than that of other family members. The bleeding diathesis can result in variable degrees of bruising, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, colonic bleeding, and prolonged bleeding with menses or after tooth extraction, circumcision, and/or other surgeries. Pulmonary fibrosis, colitis, and/or neutropenia have been reported in individuals with pathogenic variants in some HPS-related genes. Pulmonary fibrosis, a restrictive lung disease, typically causes symptoms in the early 30s and can progress to death within a decade. Granulomatous colitis is severe in about 15% of affected individuals. Neutropenia and/or immune defects occur primarily in individuals with pathogenic variants in AP3B1 and AP3D1.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/854714">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_863306"><div><strong>LIPE-related familial partial lipodystrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>863306</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4014869</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Familial partial lipodystrophy type 6 (FPLD6) is characterized by abnormal subcutaneous fat distribution, with variable excess accumulation of fat in the face, neck, shoulders, axillae, back, abdomen, and pubic region, and reduction in subcutaneous fat of the lower extremities. Progressive adult-onset myopathy is seen in some patients, and there is variable association with diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and hepatic steatosis (Zolotov et al., 2017). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), see 151660.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/863306">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_897610"><div><strong>Al-Raqad syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>897610</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4085595</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Al-Raqad syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a variable phenotype characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, skin dyschromia, intellectual disability, and neuromuscular defects (summary by Alesi et al., 2018).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/897610">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_934598"><div><strong>Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 6, generalized, with scarring and hair loss</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>934598</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4310631</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is characterized by fragility of the skin (and mucosal epithelia in some instances) that results in non-scarring blisters and erosions caused by minor mechanical trauma. EBS is distinguished from other types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) or non-EB skin fragility syndromes by the location of the blistering in relation to the dermal-epidermal junction. In EBS, blistering occurs within basal keratinocytes. The severity of blistering ranges from limited to hands and feet to widespread involvement. Additional features can include hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles (keratoderma), nail dystrophy, milia, and hyper- and/or hypopigmentation. Rare EBS subtypes have been associated with additional clinical features including pyloric atresia, muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and/or nephropathy.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/934598">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1634188"><div><strong>Galloway-Mowat syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1634188</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4551772</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1634188">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1646345"><div><strong>Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1646345</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C4552097</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome, also known as linear sebaceous nevus syndrome, is characterized by sebaceous nevi, often on the face, associated with variable ipsilateral abnormalities of the central nervous system, ocular anomalies, and skeletal defects (summary by Happle, 1991 and Ernst et al., 2007). The linear sebaceous nevi follow the lines of Blaschko (Hornstein and Knickenberg, 1974; Bouwes Bavinck and van de Kamp, 1985). All cases are sporadic. The syndrome is believed to be caused by an autosomal dominant lethal mutation that survives by somatic mosaicism (Gorlin et al., 2001).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1646345">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1684826"><div><strong>Hypopigmentation, organomegaly, and delayed myelination and development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1684826</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5203300</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypopigmentation, organomegaly, and delayed myelination and development (HOD) is characterized by hypopigmented skin and hair with normally pigmented irides; organomegaly including enlargement of liver, kidney, and spleen; and delayed myelination on brain MRI accompanied by developmental delay in both gross and fine motor skills. Biopsy findings from skin and other organs are consistent with a lysosomal storage disorder (Nicoli et al., 2019).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1684826">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1748029"><div><strong>Mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1748029</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5399763</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Lynch syndrome is characterized by an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) and cancers of the endometrium, ovary, stomach, small bowel, urinary tract, biliary tract, brain (usually glioblastoma), skin (sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous carcinomas, and keratoacanthomas), pancreas, and prostate. Cancer risks and age of onset vary depending on the associated gene. Several other cancer types have been reported to occur in individuals with Lynch syndrome (e.g., breast, sarcomas, adrenocortical carcinoma). However, the data are not sufficient to demonstrate that the risk of developing these cancers is increased in individuals with Lynch syndrome.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1748029">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1754121"><div><strong>Oculocutaneous albinism type 8</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1754121</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5436929</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Oculocutaneous albinism type VIII (OCA8) is characterized by mild hair and skin hypopigmentation, associated with ocular features including nystagmus, reduced visual acuity, iris transillumination, and hypopigmentation of the retina (Pennamen et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1754121">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794140"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, with pigmentary mosaicism and coarse facies</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794140</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561930</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">X-linked syndromic intellectual developmental disorder with pigmentary mosaicism and coarse facies (MRXSPF) is characterized by a phenotypic triad of severe developmental delay, coarse facial dysmorphisms, and Blaschkoid pigmentary mosaicism. Additional clinical features may include epilepsy, orthopedic abnormalities, hypotonia, and growth abnormalities. The disorder affects both males and females (Villegas et al., 2019; Diaz et al., 2020).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794140">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794167"><div><strong>Developmental delay, impaired speech, and behavioral abnormalities</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794167</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561957</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Developmental delay, impaired speech, and behavioral abnormalities (DDISBA) is characterized by global developmental delay apparent from early childhood. Intellectual disability can range from mild to severe. Additional variable features may include dysmorphic facial features, seizures, hypotonia, motor abnormalities such as Tourette syndrome or dystonia, and hearing loss (summary by Cousin et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794167">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1794177"><div><strong>DEGCAGS syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1794177</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5561967</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">DEGCAGS syndrome is an autosomal recessive syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, coarse and dysmorphic facial features, and poor growth and feeding apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have variable systemic manifestations often with significant structural defects of the cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and/or skeletal systems. Additional features may include sensorineural hearing loss, hypotonia, anemia or pancytopenia, and immunodeficiency with recurrent infections. Death in childhood may occur (summary by Bertoli-Avella et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1794177">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1809587"><div><strong>Waardenburg syndrome, IIa 2F</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1809587</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5677013</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Waardenburg syndrome type 2F (WS2F) is characterized by congenital or neonatal-onset sensorineural hearing loss and altered pigmentation of the iris, hair, and skin. Variable expressivity has been reported, even among patients with the same mutation (Ogawa et al., 2017; Vona et al., 2022). For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of WS2, as well as a brief description of other clinical variants of Waardenburg syndrome (WS1, 193500; WS3, 148820; and WS4, 277580), see WS2A (193510).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1809587">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1840905"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 78</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1840905</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5830269</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder-78 (MRT78) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired intellectual development that is usually mild, but shows variable severity. Affected individuals have microcephaly and mild short stature. Additional features may include ocular abnormalities and mild skeletal defects (Haag et al., 2021).</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1840905">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1861084"><div><strong>Cutaneous porphyria</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1861084</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS) Click for more information.">C5886774</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"> •</span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is characterized in most individuals by severe cutaneous photosensitivity with blistering and increased friability of the skin over light-exposed areas. Onset in most affected individuals occurs at birth or early infancy. The first manifestation is often pink-to-dark red discoloration of the urine. Hemolytic anemia is common and can range from mild to severe, with some affected individuals requiring chronic blood transfusions. Porphyrin deposition may lead to corneal ulcers and scarring, reddish-brown discoloration of the teeth (erythrodontia), and bone loss and/or expansion of the bone marrow. The phenotypic spectrum, however, is broad and ranges from nonimmune hydrops fetalis in utero to late-onset disease with only mild cutaneous manifestations in adulthood.</div>
|
||
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1861084">Condition Record</a></div></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_897610" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Al-Raqad syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_58144" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Angelman syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_2685" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bloom syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_3347" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chédiak-Higashi syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_199606" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Classic homocystinuria</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (40)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_423639" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cross syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1861084" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cutaneous porphyria</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794177" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">DEGCAGS syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794167" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Developmental delay, impaired speech, and behavioral abnormalities</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_934598" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 6, generalized, with scarring and hair loss</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_42055" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Focal dermal hypoplasia</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1634188" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Galloway-Mowat syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347092" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Griscelli syndrome type 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_357030" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Griscelli syndrome type 2</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419514" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_854708" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 3</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_854714" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 6</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_481656" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 9</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1684826" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypopigmentation, organomegaly, and delayed myelination and development</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1840905" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 78</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1794140" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked, syndromic, with pigmentary mosaicism and coarse facies</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1646345" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_863306" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">LIPE-related familial partial lipodystrophy</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_44030" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Menkes kinky-hair syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1748029" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_435914" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mucolipidosis type II</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_419735" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Nephropathic cystinosis</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_348553" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_337712" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1754121" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Oculocutaneous albinism type 8</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_400891" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Odonto-tricho-ungual-digito-palmar syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120540" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pallister-Killian syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_767140" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_372135" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to p14 deficiency</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_356767" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Raindrop hypopigmentation</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_203367" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sialic acid storage disease, severe infantile type</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_82810" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_340962" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Vici syndrome</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1809587" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Waardenburg syndrome, IIa 2F</a></div>
|
||
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_416702" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Xeroderma pigmentosum, group C</a></div></span></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35964929">Co-occurrence of oculocutaneous albinism type 2 and mild sickle cell disease explained by HbS/βthal genotype in an individual from the Democratic Republic of Congo.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aquaron R,
|
||
Lasseaux E,
|
||
Kelekele J,
|
||
Bonello-Palot N,
|
||
Badens C,
|
||
Arveiler B,
|
||
Tshilolo L</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
|
||
2022 Oct;65(10):104594.
|
||
Epub 2022 Aug 12
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104594.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35964929" target="_blank">35964929</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24215421">The use of infrared radiation in the treatment of skin laxity.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Felici M,
|
||
Gentile P,
|
||
De Angelis B,
|
||
Puccio L,
|
||
Puglisi A,
|
||
Felici A,
|
||
Delogu P,
|
||
Cervelli V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cosmet Laser Ther</span>
|
||
2014 Apr;16(2):89-95.
|
||
Epub 2013 Dec 14
|
||
doi: 10.3109/14764172.2013.864199.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24215421" target="_blank">24215421</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
|
||
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38334217">Treatments for Morton's neuroma.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Matthews BG,
|
||
Thomson CE,
|
||
Harding MP,
|
||
McKinley JC,
|
||
Ware RS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2024 Feb 9;2(2):CD014687.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014687.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38334217" target="_blank">38334217</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10853972" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33129801">Current and emerging treatments for albinism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Liu S,
|
||
Kuht HJ,
|
||
Moon EH,
|
||
Maconachie GDE,
|
||
Thomas MG</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Surv Ophthalmol</span>
|
||
2021 Mar-Apr;66(2):362-377.
|
||
Epub 2020 Oct 29
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.10.007.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33129801" target="_blank">33129801</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25586695">Hypomelanosis of Ito: a round on the frequency and type of epileptic complications.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Pavone P,
|
||
Praticò AD,
|
||
Ruggieri M,
|
||
Falsaperla R</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Sci</span>
|
||
2015 Jul;36(7):1173-80.
|
||
Epub 2015 Jan 14
|
||
doi: 10.1007/s10072-014-2049-1.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25586695" target="_blank">25586695</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24215421">The use of infrared radiation in the treatment of skin laxity.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Felici M,
|
||
Gentile P,
|
||
De Angelis B,
|
||
Puccio L,
|
||
Puglisi A,
|
||
Felici A,
|
||
Delogu P,
|
||
Cervelli V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cosmet Laser Ther</span>
|
||
2014 Apr;16(2):89-95.
|
||
Epub 2013 Dec 14
|
||
doi: 10.3109/14764172.2013.864199.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24215421" target="_blank">24215421</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17980020">Oculocutaneous albinism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grønskov K,
|
||
Ek J,
|
||
Brondum-Nielsen K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
|
||
2007 Nov 2;2:43.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-43.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17980020" target="_blank">17980020</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2211462" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (14)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31840929">Renpenning syndrome in a female.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cho RY,
|
||
Peñaherrera MS,
|
||
Du Souich C,
|
||
Huang L,
|
||
Mwenifumbo J,
|
||
Nelson TN,
|
||
Elliott AM,
|
||
Adam S;
|
||
CAUSES Study,
|
||
Eydoux P,
|
||
Yang GX,
|
||
Chijiwa C,
|
||
Van Allen MI,
|
||
Friedman JM,
|
||
Robinson WP,
|
||
Lehman A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2020 Mar;182(3):498-503.
|
||
Epub 2019 Dec 16
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61451.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31840929" target="_blank">31840929</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27734839">Clinical evaluation and molecular screening of a large consecutive series of albino patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Mauri L,
|
||
Manfredini E,
|
||
Del Longo A,
|
||
Veniani E,
|
||
Scarcello M,
|
||
Terrana R,
|
||
Radaelli AE,
|
||
Calò D,
|
||
Mingoia G,
|
||
Rossetti A,
|
||
Marsico G,
|
||
Mazza M,
|
||
Gesu GP,
|
||
Cristina Patrosso M,
|
||
Penco S,
|
||
Piozzi E,
|
||
Primignani P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Hum Genet</span>
|
||
2017 Feb;62(2):277-290.
|
||
Epub 2016 Oct 13
|
||
doi: 10.1038/jhg.2016.123.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27734839" target="_blank">27734839</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17980020">Oculocutaneous albinism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Grønskov K,
|
||
Ek J,
|
||
Brondum-Nielsen K</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Orphanet J Rare Dis</span>
|
||
2007 Nov 2;2:43.
|
||
doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-43.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17980020" target="_blank">17980020</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC2211462" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/12125812">Chediak-Higashi syndrome: a clinical and molecular view of a rare lysosomal storage disorder.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ward DM,
|
||
Shiflett SL,
|
||
Kaplan J</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Mol Med</span>
|
||
2002 Aug;2(5):469-77.
|
||
doi: 10.2174/1566524023362339.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/12125812" target="_blank">12125812</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/10590917">Albinism.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Oetting WS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Pediatr</span>
|
||
1999 Dec;11(6):565-71.
|
||
doi: 10.1097/00008480-199912000-00016.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/10590917" target="_blank">10590917</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (22)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38814634">Chemical leukoderma: An insight of pathophysiology and contributing factors.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jangra S,
|
||
Gulia H,
|
||
Singh J,
|
||
Dang AS,
|
||
Giri SK,
|
||
Singh G,
|
||
Priya K,
|
||
Kumar A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Toxicol Ind Health</span>
|
||
2024 Aug;40(8):479-495.
|
||
Epub 2024 May 30
|
||
doi: 10.1177/07482337241257273.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38814634" target="_blank">38814634</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38334217">Treatments for Morton's neuroma.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Matthews BG,
|
||
Thomson CE,
|
||
Harding MP,
|
||
McKinley JC,
|
||
Ware RS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2024 Feb 9;2(2):CD014687.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014687.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38334217" target="_blank">38334217</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10853972" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37698254">Hypopigmentation of the Skin and Hair Associated with Dasatinib Therapy.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharma V,
|
||
Bagrodia V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Turk J Haematol</span>
|
||
2024 May 30;41(2):116-117.
|
||
Epub 2023 Sep 12
|
||
doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2023.2023.0280.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37698254" target="_blank">37698254</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC11589257" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24215421">The use of infrared radiation in the treatment of skin laxity.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Felici M,
|
||
Gentile P,
|
||
De Angelis B,
|
||
Puccio L,
|
||
Puglisi A,
|
||
Felici A,
|
||
Delogu P,
|
||
Cervelli V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cosmet Laser Ther</span>
|
||
2014 Apr;16(2):89-95.
|
||
Epub 2013 Dec 14
|
||
doi: 10.3109/14764172.2013.864199.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24215421" target="_blank">24215421</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7309935">Hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation of the skin after long term PUVA therapy. Light and electron microscopic observations on three patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanerva L,
|
||
Niemi KM,
|
||
Lassus A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cutan Pathol</span>
|
||
1981 Jun;8(3):199-213.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1981.tb00999.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7309935" target="_blank">7309935</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (14)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31486119">Identification of two Chinese oculocutaneous albinism type 6 patients and mutation updates of the SLC24A5 gene.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Zhang Y,
|
||
Zhang Y,
|
||
Liu T,
|
||
Bai D,
|
||
Yang X,
|
||
Li W,
|
||
Wei A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Dermatol</span>
|
||
2019 Nov;46(11):1027-1030.
|
||
Epub 2019 Sep 4
|
||
doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.15065.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31486119" target="_blank">31486119</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24361966">Functional characterization of two novel splicing mutations in the OCA2 gene associated with oculocutaneous albinism type II.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Rimoldi V,
|
||
Straniero L,
|
||
Asselta R,
|
||
Mauri L,
|
||
Manfredini E,
|
||
Penco S,
|
||
Gesu GP,
|
||
Del Longo A,
|
||
Piozzi E,
|
||
Soldà G,
|
||
Primignani P</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Gene</span>
|
||
2014 Mar 1;537(1):79-84.
|
||
Epub 2013 Dec 18
|
||
doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.102.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24361966" target="_blank">24361966</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21833017">Clinical, molecular, and cellular features of non-Puerto Rican Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome patients of Hispanic descent.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Carmona-Rivera C,
|
||
Golas G,
|
||
Hess RA,
|
||
Cardillo ND,
|
||
Martin EH,
|
||
O'Brien K,
|
||
Tsilou E,
|
||
Gochuico BR,
|
||
White JG,
|
||
Huizing M,
|
||
Gahl WA</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Invest Dermatol</span>
|
||
2011 Dec;131(12):2394-400.
|
||
Epub 2011 Aug 11
|
||
doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.228.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21833017" target="_blank">21833017</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3213276" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20118061">Hypopigmentation of the skin due to imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Aleem A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther</span>
|
||
2009;2(2):358-61.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s1658-3876(09)50026-x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20118061" target="_blank">20118061</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2319405">Pigmentary abnormalities and mosaicism for chromosomal aberration: association with clinical features similar to hypomelanosis of Ito.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sybert VP,
|
||
Pagon RA,
|
||
Donlan M,
|
||
Bradley CM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr</span>
|
||
1990 Apr;116(4):581-6.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81606-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2319405" target="_blank">2319405</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (9)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38334217">Treatments for Morton's neuroma.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Matthews BG,
|
||
Thomson CE,
|
||
Harding MP,
|
||
McKinley JC,
|
||
Ware RS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2024 Feb 9;2(2):CD014687.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014687.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38334217" target="_blank">38334217</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10853972" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31840929">Renpenning syndrome in a female.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cho RY,
|
||
Peñaherrera MS,
|
||
Du Souich C,
|
||
Huang L,
|
||
Mwenifumbo J,
|
||
Nelson TN,
|
||
Elliott AM,
|
||
Adam S;
|
||
CAUSES Study,
|
||
Eydoux P,
|
||
Yang GX,
|
||
Chijiwa C,
|
||
Van Allen MI,
|
||
Friedman JM,
|
||
Robinson WP,
|
||
Lehman A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
|
||
2020 Mar;182(3):498-503.
|
||
Epub 2019 Dec 16
|
||
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61451.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31840929" target="_blank">31840929</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/22258527">Novel and recurrent non-truncating mutations of the MITF basic domain: genotypic and phenotypic variations in Waardenburg and Tietz syndromes.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Léger S,
|
||
Balguerie X,
|
||
Goldenberg A,
|
||
Drouin-Garraud V,
|
||
Cabot A,
|
||
Amstutz-Montadert I,
|
||
Young P,
|
||
Joly P,
|
||
Bodereau V,
|
||
Holder-Espinasse M,
|
||
Jamieson RV,
|
||
Krause A,
|
||
Chen H,
|
||
Baumann C,
|
||
Nunes L,
|
||
Dollfus H,
|
||
Goossens M,
|
||
Pingault V</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
|
||
2012 May;20(5):584-7.
|
||
Epub 2012 Jan 18
|
||
doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.234.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/22258527" target="_blank">22258527</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC3330215" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/2319405">Pigmentary abnormalities and mosaicism for chromosomal aberration: association with clinical features similar to hypomelanosis of Ito.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sybert VP,
|
||
Pagon RA,
|
||
Donlan M,
|
||
Bradley CM</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr</span>
|
||
1990 Apr;116(4):581-6.
|
||
doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81606-3.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/2319405" target="_blank">2319405</a></div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/7309935">Hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation of the skin after long term PUVA therapy. Light and electron microscopic observations on three patients.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanerva L,
|
||
Niemi KM,
|
||
Lassus A</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Cutan Pathol</span>
|
||
1981 Jun;8(3):199-213.
|
||
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1981.tb00999.x.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/7309935" target="_blank">7309935</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (15)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln">
|
||
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/38334217">Treatments for Morton's neuroma.</a></div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Matthews BG,
|
||
Thomson CE,
|
||
Harding MP,
|
||
McKinley JC,
|
||
Ware RS</span><br />
|
||
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Cochrane Database Syst Rev</span>
|
||
2024 Feb 9;2(2):CD014687.
|
||
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014687.pub2.
|
||
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/38334217" target="_blank">38334217</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10853972" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
|
||
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%20AND%20systematic%5Bsb%5D%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<div id="messagearea_bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class=" bottom">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="supplemental col three_col last">
|
||
<h2 class="offscreen_noflow">Supplemental Content</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column starts here -->
|
||
<div class="rightCol mgCol">
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_113">
|
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Table_of_contents">Table of contents</h1><a sid="113" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul id="my-toc"></ul></div>
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Genetic_Testing_Registry">Genetic Testing Registry</h1><a sid="106" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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||
<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162835%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (14)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162835%5bDISCUI%5d&filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (14)</a></li>
|
||
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162835%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (14)</a></total></li>
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</ul></div>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_119">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_resources">Clinical resources</h1><a sid="119" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=79376" target="_blank">Orphanet</a></li><li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_121">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Practice_guidelines">Practice guidelines</h1><a sid="121" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul class="a_poppers"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">PubMed</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li><li><a target="_blank" href="/books/?term=((%22clinical%20guidelines%22%5BResource%20Type%5D)%20OR%20%22practice%20guideline%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)%20AND%20(%22Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%22)">Bookshelf</a><div class="help-popup">See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div></li></ul></div>
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||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_116">
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<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Consumer_resources">Consumer resources</h1><a sid="116" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin" target="_blank">MedlinePlus</a></li></ul></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet brieflink">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head">
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<div class="portlet_title">
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<h3>Reviews</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
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<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="Reviews" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenReviews.Shutter"></a>
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</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/pubmed/clinical?term=Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=1&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">PubMed Clinical Queries</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/pubmed?term=Hypopigmentation%20of%20the%20skin%20AND%20humans[mesh]%20AND%20review[publication%20type]" ref="ncbi_uid=&discoId=gtr_reviews&linkpos=2&linkpostotal=2" target="_blank">Reviews in PubMed</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- MedGen supplemental column ends here -->
|
||
<div class="portlet brieflink">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head">
|
||
<div class="portlet_title">
|
||
<h3>Related information</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="discovery_db_links" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.MedGen_SingleItemSuplCluster.MedGenDiscoveryDbLinks.Shutter"></a>
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||
</div>
|
||
<div class="portlet_content DiscoveryDbLinks">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&from_uid=102477" ref="log$=recordlinks">ClinVar</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related medical variations</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162835[DISCUI]" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in GTR</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/gtr/tests?term=C0162835[DISCUI]&test_type=Clinical" ref="log$=recordlinks">GTR(Clinical)</a>
|
||
<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Clinical tests in GTR</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/mesh?LinkName=medgen_mesh&from_uid=102477" ref="log$=recordlinks">MeSH</a>
|
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related Medical Subject Headings</div>
|
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</li>
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||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pmc?LinkName=medgen_pmc&from_uid=102477" ref="log$=recordlinks">PMC Articles</a>
|
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related information in PubMed Central Links</div>
|
||
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|
||
<li class="brieflinkpopper">
|
||
<a class="brieflinkpopperctrl" href="/pubmed?LinkName=medgen_pubmed&from_uid=102477" ref="log$=recordlinks">PubMed</a>
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<div class="brieflinkpop offscreen_noflow">Related literature resources in PubMed</div>
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="portlet">
|
||
<div class="portlet_head">
|
||
<div class="portlet_title">
|
||
<h3>Recent activity</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
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<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.Shutter" sid="1" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content" remembercollapsed="true" pgsec_name="recent_activity" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.Shutter"></a>
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|
||
<div id="HTDisplay" class="">
|
||
<input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.Cmd" sid="1" type="hidden" />
|
||
<div class="action">
|
||
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.ClearHistory" sid="1" realname="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.ClearHistory" cmd="ClearHT" href="?cmd=ClearHT&" onclick="return false;" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.ClearHistory">
|
||
Clear
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle" sid="1" realname="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle" class="HTOn" cmd="HTOff" href="?cmd=HTOff&" onclick="return false;" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle">
|
||
Turn Off
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle" sid="2" realname="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle" class="HTOff" cmd="HTOn" href="?cmd=HTOn&" onclick="return false;" id="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.MedGen.MedGen_ResultsPanel.HistoryDisplay.HistoryToggle">
|
||
Turn On
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul id="activity">
|
||
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
|
||
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=1" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2f64467c23b31e0cf4c51">Hypopigmentation of the skin</a>
|
||
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Hypopigmentation of the skin<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
|
||
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
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||
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=2" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2f64267c23b31e0cf4139">Protruding tongue</a>
|
||
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Protruding tongue<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
|
||
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
|
||
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=3" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2f64067c23b31e0cf3559">Wide mouth</a>
|
||
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Wide mouth<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
|
||
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
|
||
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=4" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2f63e2f30673f7b026348">Secondary microcephaly</a>
|
||
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Secondary microcephaly<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
|
||
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ra_rcd ralinkpopper two_line">
|
||
<a class="htb ralinkpopperctrl" ref="log$=activity&linkpos=5" href="/portal/utils/pageresolver.fcgi?recordid=67d2f63bcde49f3df7e5816e">Happy demeanor</a>
|
||
<div class="ralinkpop offscreen_noflow">Happy demeanor<div class="brieflinkpopdesc"></div></div>
|
||
<div class="tertiary">MedGen</div>
|
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