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<meta name="keywords" content="C0521620, anatomical abnormality, dilatation of ureter, dilated ureter, dilated ureters, hydroureter, hydroureters, megaloureter, megaureter, swelling of ureter, ureteral dilatation, ureteric dilatation, uroureter, wide ureter, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="The distention of the ureter with urine." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<!--
UID=101073
ConceptID=C0521620
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Hydroureter</div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>101073</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0521620</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>Dilated ureter; Dilated ureters; Hydroureters; Megaureter; Ureteral dilatation; Ureteric dilatation</td></tr>
<tr><td><span class="bold">SNOMED CT: </span></td>
<td>Hydroureter (69758005); Dilatation of ureter (95576001); Ureteric dilatation (95576001); Megaloureter (95576001); Megaureter (95576001)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>HPO:</td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="https://hpo.jax.org/app/browse/term/HP:0000072">HP:0000072</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">The distention of the ureter with urine. [from <a title="Human Phenotype Ontology" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">HPO</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_118">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Term_Hierarchy">Term Hierarchy</h1><a sid="118" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln HierarchyGTR"><div class="jig-ncbitabs"><ul><li><a href="#tabGTR">GTR</a></li><li><a href="#tabMGEN">MeSH</a></li></ul><div id="tabGTR"><div class="search_result"><div class="rprts"><div class="chiclet_legend"><span class="chiclet_list" style="position:static;"><span title="Clinical test" class="chiclet Ccolor round">C</span><span>Clinical test,  </span><span title="Research test" class="chiclet Rcolor round">R</span><span>Research test,  </span><span title="OMIM" class="chiclet Ocolor ">O</span><span>OMIM,  </span><span title="GeneReview" class="chiclet Gcolor">G</span><span><em>GeneReviews</em>,  </span><span title="ClinVar" class="chiclet Vcolor">V</span><span>ClinVar  </span></span></div><div id="hierarchy" class="margin_t1"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li class="matched_ds"><span class="chiclet_list"><span class="chiclet Ccolor round" title="Clinical test"><a target="_blank" href="/gtr/tests/?term=C0521620[DISCUI]&amp;test_type=Clinical&amp;redirect=true" ref="ncbi_uid=101073">C</a></span><span class="chiclet unavailable round" title="Research Tests">R</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="OMIM">O</span><span class="chiclet unavailable" title="GeneReviews">G</span><span class="chiclet Vcolor" title="ClinVar"><a target="_blank" href="/clinvar?LinkName=medgen_clinvar&amp;from_uid=101073" ref="ncbi_uid=101073">V</a></span></span><span class="TLline">Hydroureter</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="tabMGEN"><div class="ds_tree"><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/474891" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital Systemic Disorder">Congenital Systemic Disorder</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/52948" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the genitourinary system">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/867444" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the urinary system">Abnormality of the urinary system</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/869219" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the upper urinary tract">Abnormality of the upper urinary tract</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/374455" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormality of the ureter">Abnormality of the ureter</a></span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1685655" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Abnormal ureter morphology">Abnormal ureter morphology</a></span><ul><li><span class="matched_ds">Hydroureter</span><ul><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/539844" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital hydroureter">Congenital hydroureter</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/451022" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Congenital megaureter">Congenital megaureter</a></span></li><li><span class="TLline"><a href="/medgen/1781352" ref="tree=MeSH" title="MedGen record for Primary obstructive megaureter">Primary obstructive megaureter</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_112">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Conditions_with_this_feature">Conditions with this feature</h1><a sid="112" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat">
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_18718"><div><strong>Prune belly syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>18718</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0033770</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">In its rare complete form, 'prune belly' syndrome (PBS) comprises megacystis (massively enlarged bladder) with disorganized detrusor muscle, cryptorchidism, and thin abdominal musculature with overlying lax skin (summary by Weber et al., 2011).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/18718">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120514"><div><strong>Pallister-Hall syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120514</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265220</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">GLI3-related Pallister-Hall syndrome (GLI3-PHS) is characterized by a spectrum of anomalies ranging from polydactyly, asymptomatic bifid epiglottis, and hypothalamic hamartoma at the mild end to laryngotracheal cleft with neonatal lethality at the severe end. Individuals with mild GLI3-PHS may be incorrectly diagnosed as having isolated postaxial polydactyly type A. Individuals with GLI3-PHS can have pituitary insufficiency and may die as neonates from undiagnosed and untreated adrenal insufficiency.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120514">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_120517"><div><strong>Schinzel-Giedion syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>120517</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0265227</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Classic Schinzel-Giedion syndrome (SGS), an ultra-rare multisystem disorder caused by gain-of-function pathogenic variants in a SETBP1 mutational hot spot, is characterized by global neurodevelopmental impairment leading to moderate-to-profound intellectual disability, epilepsy (often refractory to treatment), hypotonia, spasticity, dysautonomia, hearing loss, and cerebral visual impairment. Other findings can include poor weight gain often associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic vomiting, constipation, gastroparesis, and/or feeding intolerance. Structural malformations can involve the heart, skeleton, kidney and urinary tract, genitalia, and brain. Anomalies of the liver, spleen, and/or pancreas are less common. Other features may include neuroepithelial neoplasia, severely disrupted sleep, choanal stenosis, inguinal hernia, sensitive skin, and increased risk of infection. To date, more than 50 individuals have been reported with molecularly confirmed classic SGS. Atypical SGS, reported in five individuals to date, is caused by pathogenic SETBP1 variants in proximity to but not within the mutational hot spot. The broad spectrum of clinical features of variable severity partially overlaps with classic SGS; however, this spectrum does not include risk for neuroepithelial neoplasia to date.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/120517">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_96043"><div><strong>Prune belly syndrome with pulmonic stenosis, intellectual disability, and deafness</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96043</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0403551</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96043">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_98015"><div><strong>Ochoa syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98015</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0403555</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Urofacial syndrome (UFS; also known as Ochoa syndrome) is characterized by prenatal or childhood onset of urinary bladder voiding dysfunction, abnormal facial movement with expression (resulting from abnormal co-contraction of the corners of the mouth and eyes), and often bowel dysfunction (constipation and/or encopresis). Bladder voiding dysfunction can present before birth as megacystis. In infancy and later childhood, UFS can present with a poor urinary stream and dribbling incontinence; incomplete bladder emptying can lead to urinary infection with progressive kidney failure. Investigations after birth can show abnormal bladder contractility and vesicoureteral reflux of urine into the ureter and renal pelvis. Nocturnal lagophthalmos (incomplete closing of the eyes during sleep) has also been documented.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98015">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_208652"><div><strong>Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>208652</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0795969</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">MED12-related disorders include the phenotypes of FG syndrome type 1 (FGS1), Lujan syndrome (LS), X-linked Ohdo syndrome (XLOS), Hardikar syndrome (HS), and nonspecific intellectual disability (NSID). FGS1 and LS share the clinical findings of cognitive impairment, hypotonia, and abnormalities of the corpus callosum. FGS1 is further characterized by absolute or relative macrocephaly, tall forehead, downslanted palpebral fissures, small and simple ears, constipation and/or anal anomalies, broad thumbs and halluces, and characteristic behavior. LS is further characterized by large head, tall thin body habitus, long thin face, prominent nasal bridge, high narrow palate, and short philtrum. Carrier females in families with FGS1 and LS are typically unaffected. XLOS is characterized by intellectual disability, blepharophimosis, and facial coarsening. HS has been described in females with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, biliary and liver anomalies, intestinal malrotation, pigmentary retinopathy, and coarctation of the aorta. Developmental and cognitive concerns have not been reported in females with HS. Pathogenic variants in MED12 have been reported in an increasing number of males and females with NSID, with affected individuals often having clinical features identified in other MED12-related disorders.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/208652">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_162898"><div><strong>Microphthalmia, syndromic 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>162898</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0796016</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Microphthalmia-ankyloblepharon-intellectual disability syndrome is characterized by microphthalmia, ankyloblepharon and intellectual deficit. It has been described in seven male patients from two generations of a Northern Ireland family. The causative gene is localized to the Xq27-q28 region. The syndrome is transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/162898">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_184924"><div><strong>McKusick-Kaufman syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>184924</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0948368</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">McKusick-Kaufman syndrome (MKS) is characterized by the combination of postaxial polydactyly (PAP), congenital heart disease (CHD), and hydrometrocolpos (HMC) in females and genital malformations in males (most commonly hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and chordee). HMC in infants usually presents as a large cystic abdominal mass arising out of the pelvis, caused by dilatation of the vagina and uterus as a result of the accumulation of cervical secretions from maternal estrogen stimulation. HMC can be caused by failure of the distal third of the vagina to develop (vaginal agenesis), a transverse vaginal membrane, or an imperforate hymen. PAP is the presence of additional digits on the ulnar side of the hand and the fibular side of the foot. A variety of congenital heart defects have been reported including atrioventricular canal, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or a complex congenital heart malformation.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/184924">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_374033"><div><strong>Bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal extrophy complex</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>374033</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838703</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Bladder exstrophy and epispadias complex (BEEC) is an anterior midline defect with variable expression involving the infraumbilical abdominal wall including the pelvis, urinary tract, and external genitalia (Gearhart and Jeffs, 1998). BEEC is one of the most severe urologic birth defects because of its profound impact on continence, sexual function, and morbidity due to the effect of chronic and recurrent infections on renal function. The term 'exstrophy,' derived from the Greek work ekstriphein, which literally means 'turn inside out,' was first used by Chaussier in 1780.&#13; Martinez-Frias et al. (2001) emphasized that exstrophy of the cloaca and exstrophy of the bladder are 2 different expressions of a primary developmental field defect. Cloacal exstrophy is a feature of the OEIS (omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects) complex (258040). Exstrophy of the cloaca includes the persistence and exstrophy of a common cloaca that receives ureters, ileum, and a rudimentary hindgut and is associated with failure of fusion of the genital tubercles and pubic rami, incomplete development of the lumbosacral vertebrae with spinal dysraphism, imperforate anus, cryptorchidism and epispadias in males and anomalies of the mullerian duct derivatives in females, and a wide range of urinary tract anomalies. Omphalocele is common, and most patients have a single umbilical artery.&#13; Reutter et al. (2016) reviewed the epidemiology, potential mechanisms, and animal models for BEEC. They described BEEC as a spectrum of component malformations of variable severity, including epispadias as the mildest phenotype and classic bladder exstrophy as the most common, with cloacal exstrophy representing the most severe form. In approximately one-third of cases, urologic malformations are present, including ectopic kidney, renal agenesis, and/or hydronephrosis. Other malformations involving the gastrointestinal, skeletal, spinal, and genitourinary systems, including cryptorchidism and ambiguous genitalia, are reported frequently. The authors noted that cloacal exstrophy is considered by some to have a different embryologic origin from classic bladder exstrophy.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/374033">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_325511"><div><strong>Wolfram syndrome, mitochondrial form</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>325511</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1838782</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/325511">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_342416"><div><strong>Lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>342416</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850106</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Raine syndrome (RNS) is a neonatal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia of early and aggressive onset that usually results in death within the first few weeks of life, although there have been some reports of survival into childhood. Radiographic studies show a generalized increase in the density of all bones and a marked increase in the ossification of the skull. The increased ossification of the basal structures of the skull and facial bones underlies the characteristic facial features, which include narrow prominent forehead, proptosis, depressed nasal bridge, and midface hypoplasia. Periosteal bone formation is also characteristic of this disorder and differentiates it from osteopetrosis and other known lethal and nonlethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasias. The periosteal bone formation typically extends along the diaphysis of long bones adjacent to areas of cellular soft tissue (summary by Simpson et al., 2009). Some patients survive infancy (Simpson et al., 2009; Fradin et al., 2011).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/342416">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_338020"><div><strong>Exstrophy-epispadias complex</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338020</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1850321</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Carey et al. (1978) gave the name OEIS complex to a combination of defects comprising omphalocele, exstrophy of the cloaca, imperforate anus, and spinal defects. This rare complex is thought to represent the most severe end of a spectrum of birth defects, the exstrophy-epispadias sequence, which, in order of increasing severity, includes phallic separation with epispadias, pubic diastasis, exstrophy of the bladder (600057), cloacal exstrophy, and OEIS complex. Very few instances of recurrence of anomalies in this cluster have been reported.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338020">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_343663"><div><strong>Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip-palate syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>343663</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1851841</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An EEC syndrome characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance that has material basis in variation in the chromosome region 7q11.2-q21.3.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/343663">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_339902"><div><strong>Cornelia de Lange syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>339902</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1853099</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) encompasses a spectrum of findings from mild to severe. Severe (classic) CdLS is characterized by distinctive facial features, growth restriction (prenatal onset; &lt;5th centile throughout life), hypertrichosis, and upper-limb reduction defects that range from subtle phalangeal abnormalities to oligodactyly (missing digits). Craniofacial features include synophrys, highly arched and/or thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, short nasal bridge with anteverted nares, small widely spaced teeth, and microcephaly. Individuals with a milder phenotype have less severe growth, cognitive, and limb involvement, but often have facial features consistent with CdLS. Across the CdLS spectrum IQ ranges from below 30 to 102 (mean: 53). Many individuals demonstrate autistic and self-destructive tendencies. Other frequent findings include cardiac septal defects, gastrointestinal dysfunction, hearing loss, myopia, and cryptorchidism or hypoplastic genitalia.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/339902">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347666"><div><strong>Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip-palate syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347666</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1858562</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The TP63-related disorders comprise six overlapping phenotypes: Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome (which includes Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome). Acro-dermo-ungual-lacrimal-tooth (ADULT) syndrome. Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate syndrome 3 (EEC3). Limb-mammary syndrome. Split-hand/foot malformation type 4 (SHFM4). Isolated cleft lip/cleft palate (orofacial cleft 8). Individuals typically have varying combinations of ectodermal dysplasia (hypohidrosis, nail dysplasia, sparse hair, tooth abnormalities), cleft lip/palate, split-hand/foot malformation/syndactyly, lacrimal duct obstruction, hypopigmentation, hypoplastic breasts and/or nipples, and hypospadias. Findings associated with a single phenotype include ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum (tissue strands that completely or partially fuse the upper and lower eyelids), skin erosions especially on the scalp associated with areas of scarring, and alopecia, trismus, and excessive freckling.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347666">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_347910"><div><strong>Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>347910</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1859570</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">BBS12 is a clinically pleiotropic autosomal recessive ciliopathy. The patients with BBS12 studied by Stoetzel et al. (2007) and Harville et al. (2010) met the diagnostic criteria of Beales et al. (1999), which required the presence of either 4 primary features, including rod-cone dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, learning disabilities, hypogonadism (in males), and/or renal anomalies; or 3 primary plus 2 secondary features (e.g., developmental delay, ataxia, cataracts).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, see BBS1 (209900).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/347910">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_394424"><div><strong>Syndactyly-telecanthus-anogenital and renal malformations syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>394424</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2678045</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Syndrome with the association of toe syndactyly, facial dysmorphism including telecanthus and a broad nasal tip, urogenital malformations and anal atresia. Around ten cases have been reported so far. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the FAM58A gene (located on the X chromosome) encoding a protein of unknown function.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/394424">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_755478"><div><strong>Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>755478</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2960310</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is characterized histologically by failure of formation and ingrowth of alveolar capillaries that then do not make contact with alveolar epithelium, medial muscular thickening of small pulmonary arterioles with muscularization of the intraacinar arterioles, thickened alveolar walls, and anomalously situated pulmonary veins running alongside pulmonary arterioles and sharing the same adventitial sheath. Less common features include a reduced number of alveoli and a patchy distribution of the histopathologic changes. The disorder is associated with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and shows varying degrees of lability and severity (Boggs et al., 1994). Affected infants present with respiratory distress resulting from pulmonary hypertension in the early postnatal period, and the disease is uniformly fatal within the newborn period (Vassal et al., 1998). Additional features of ACDMPV include multiple congenital anomalies affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as disruption of the normal right-left asymmetry of intrathoracic or intraabdominal organs (Sen et al., 2004).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/755478">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_462277"><div><strong>Vesicoureteral reflux 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>462277</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3150927</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any vesicoureteral reflux in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the SOX17 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/462277">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_482831"><div><strong>Coffin-Siris syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>482831</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3281201</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is classically characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the distal phalanx or nail of the fifth and additional digits, developmental or cognitive delay of varying degree, distinctive facial features, hypotonia, hirsutism/hypertrichosis, and sparse scalp hair. Congenital anomalies can include malformations of the cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and/or central nervous systems. Other findings commonly include feeding difficulties, slow growth, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and hearing impairment.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/482831">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_815686"><div><strong>Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>815686</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3809356</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neonatal hypotonia, lack of psychomotor development, seizures, dysmorphic features, and variable congenital anomalies involving the cardiac, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems. Most affected individuals die before 3 years of age (summary by Maydan et al., 2011). The disorder is caused by a defect in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis.&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MCAHS, see MCAHS1 (614080).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of GPI biosynthesis defects, see GPIBD1 (610293).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/815686">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_896352"><div><strong>Noonan syndrome 9</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>896352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225282</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by characteristic facies, short stature, congenital heart defect, and developmental delay of variable degree. Other findings can include broad or webbed neck, unusual chest shape with superior pectus carinatum and inferior pectus excavatum, cryptorchidism, varied coagulation defects, lymphatic dysplasias, and ocular abnormalities. Although birth length is usually normal, final adult height approaches the lower limit of normal. Congenital heart disease occurs in 50%-80% of individuals. Pulmonary valve stenosis, often with dysplasia, is the most common heart defect and is found in 20%-50% of individuals. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, found in 20%-30% of individuals, may be present at birth or develop in infancy or childhood. Other structural defects include atrial and ventricular septal defects, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, and tetralogy of Fallot. Up to one fourth of affected individuals have mild intellectual disability, and language impairments in general are more common in NS than in the general population.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/896352">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_898794"><div><strong>Mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>898794</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4225349</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A rare mandibulofacial dysostosis with the association with scalp alopecia and sparse eyebrows and eyelashes. Craniofacial dysmorphic features include zygomatic and mandibular dysplasia or hypoplasia, cleft palate, micrognathia, dental anomalies, auricular dysmorphism and eyelid anomalies among others. Patients may experience limited jaw mobility, glossoptosis, upper airway obstruction and conductive hearing loss.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/898794">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_923943"><div><strong>Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>923943</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4281559</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The X-linked otopalatodigital (X-OPD) spectrum disorders, characterized primarily by skeletal dysplasia, include the following: Otopalatodigital syndrome type 1 (OPD1). Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2 (OPD2). Frontometaphyseal dysplasia type 1 (FMD1). Melnick-Needles syndrome (MNS). Terminal osseous dysplasia with pigmentary skin defects (TODPD). In OPD1, most manifestations are present at birth; females can present with severity similar to affected males, although some have only mild manifestations. In OPD2, females are less severely affected than related affected males. Most males with OPD2 die during the first year of life, usually from thoracic hypoplasia resulting in pulmonary insufficiency. Males who live beyond the first year of life are usually developmentally delayed and require respiratory support and assistance with feeding. In FMD1, females are less severely affected than related affected males. Males do not experience a progressive skeletal dysplasia but may have joint contractures and hand and foot malformations. Progressive scoliosis is observed in both affected males and females. In MNS, wide phenotypic variability is observed; some individuals are diagnosed in adulthood, while others require respiratory support and have reduced longevity. MNS in males results in perinatal lethality in all recorded cases. TODPD, seen only in females, is characterized by a skeletal dysplasia that is most prominent in the digits, pigmentary defects of the skin, and recurrent digital fibromata.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/923943">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_935013"><div><strong>Chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome, proximal</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>935013</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4311046</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Proximal chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by delayed development, intellectual disability with poor speech, feeding difficulties, and autistic features. Some patients may have additional features, including renal tract anomalies (summary by Caubit et al., 2016).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/935013">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1644017"><div><strong>RAB23-related Carpenter syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644017</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551510</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Any Carpenter syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the RAB23 gene.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644017">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1641635"><div><strong>Wolfram syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1641635</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551693</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">WFS1 spectrum disorder (WFS1-SD) comprises classic WFS1 spectrum disorder and nonclassic WFS1 spectrum disorder. Classic WFS1-SD, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by onset of diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy before age 16 years. Additional complications may include one or more of the following: variable hearing impairment / deafness, diabetes insipidus, neurologic abnormalities, neurogenic bladder, and psychiatric abnormalities. Nonclassic WFS1-SD is less common than classic WFS1-SD. Phenotypes that appear to be milder than classic WFS1-SD include: optic atrophy and hearing impairment; neonatal diabetes, profound congenital deafness, and cataracts; isolated diabetes mellitus; isolated congenital cataracts; and isolated congenital, slowly progressive, and low-frequency (&lt;2000 Hz) sensorineural hearing loss.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1641635">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1648321"><div><strong>Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 18</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1648321</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4748790</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Mitochondrial complex I deficiency nuclear type 18 (MC1DN18) is an autosomal recessive disorder of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Affected individuals present with lactic acidemia soon after birth. Clinical features may include hypertonia or hypotonia, poor feeding, respiratory problems, leukomalacia, and seizures. Death occurs by 6 months of age (Saada et al., 2009).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial complex I deficiency, see 252010.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1648321">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1778116"><div><strong>Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 1</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1778116</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5542316</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a severe disorder affecting the muscles that line the bladder and intestines. It is characterized by impairment of the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract (peristalsis) and empty the bladder.\n\nSome of the major features of MMIHS can be recognized before birth using ultrasound imaging. Affected fetuses have an enlarged bladder (megacystis) because it does not empty. In addition, the large intestine (colon) is abnormally narrow (microcolon) because of a shortage of functional muscle lining it. Intestinal and bladder problems persist throughout life.\n\nAfter birth, the continued impairment of peristalsis (hypoperistalsis) often causes a digestive condition called intestinal pseudo-obstruction. This condition, which mimics a physical blockage (obstruction) of the intestines but without an actual blockage, leads to a buildup of partially digested food in the intestines. This buildup can cause abdominal swelling (distention) and pain, nausea, and vomiting. The vomit usually contains a green or yellow digestive fluid called bile. Because digestion is impeded and the body does not get the nutrients from food, nutritional support is usually needed, which is given through intravenous feedings (parenteral nutrition). While some affected individuals rely solely on intravenous feedings, others require it only on occasion. Long-term use of parenteral nutrition can lead to liver problems.\n\nThe reduced ability to pass urine also contributes to painful distention of the abdomen. Many people with MMIHS require placement of a tube (urinary catheter) to remove urine from the bladder.\n\nAnother abnormality in some people with MMIHS is intestinal malrotation, in which the intestines do not fold properly. Instead, they twist abnormally, often causing a blockage. Individuals with MMIHS can also develop problems with the kidneys or the ureters, which are the ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.\n\nThe life expectancy of people with MMIHS is shorter than normal, often due to malnutrition, overwhelming infection (sepsis), or the failure of multiple organs.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1778116">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1778926"><div><strong>Neurofacioskeletal syndrome with or without renal agenesis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1778926</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543070</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Neurofacioskeletal syndrome with or without renal agenesis (NFSRA) is characterized by developmental delay and/or intellectual disability; corpus callosum hypoplasia or agenesis; facial dysmorphism, including upslanting palpebral fissures, broad nasal tip, and wide mouth; and skeletal abnormalities, including short stature, scoliosis, and flexion contractures, with broad fingertips and/or toes. Renal agenesis, unilateral or bilateral, has also been observed in some patients (Schneeberger et al., 2020).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1778926">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1780019"><div><strong>Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 3</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1780019</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543513</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare congenital defect of visceral smooth muscle, primarily affecting females who present at birth with functional obstruction of the intestine, microcolon, dilation of the bladder, and secondary hydronephrosis. Total parenteral nutrition, adequate intermittent catheterization of bladder, and surgical corrections for intestinal malrotation are frequent modes of treatment for this disease without which rapid death ensues. In some instances, multivisceral organ transplantation has been undertaken with some success. Despite these clinical interventions, MMIHS often leads to premature death due to complications of therapy (summary by Halim et al., 2017).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MMIHS, see 249210.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1780019">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1785087"><div><strong>White-Kernohan syndrome</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1785087</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543635</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">White-Kernohan syndrome (WHIKERS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with variably impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, and characteristic facial features. Some patients may have abnormalities of other systems, including genitourinary and skeletal (summary by White et al., 2021).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1785087">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1782906"><div><strong>Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 5</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1782906</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5543636</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome-5 (MMIHS5) is a form of visceral myopathy characterized by significant inter- and intrafamilial variability, with the most severely affected patients exhibiting prenatal bladder enlargement, intestinal malrotation, neonatal functional gastrointestinal obstruction, and chronic dependence on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and urinary catheterization (Wangler et al., 2014).&#13; For a general phenotypic description and discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MMIHS, see MMIHS1 (249210).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1782906">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1804316"><div><strong>Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract 2</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1804316</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5574705</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) encompasses a spectrum of developmental disorders of the urinary tract that can range from mild vesicoureteral reflux to severe renal agenesis. Other phenotypes include renal duplication, small kidneys, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, hydronephrosis, and renal dysplasia. These abnormalities can result in kidney damage, and possibly renal failure (summary by Vivante et al., 2015).&#13; For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of CAKUT, see 610805.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1804316">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1823949"><div><strong>Cardiac valvular defect, developmental</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1823949</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5774175</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cardiac valvular dysplasia-1 (CVDP1) is characterized by congenital malformations of the pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral valves. Structural cardiac defects, including atrial and ventricular septal defects, single left ventricle, and hypoplastic right ventricle have also been observed in affected individuals (Ta-Shma et al., 2017).&#13; Genetic Heterogeneity of Cardiac Valvular Dysplasia&#13; CVDP2 (620067) is caused by mutation in the ADAMTS19 gene (607513) on chromosome 5q23.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1823949">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="rdis_1841272"><div><strong>Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 73</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1841272</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C5830636</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder-73 (MRD73) is a highly variable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired intellectual development that ranges from mild to severe, speech delay, behavioral abnormalities, and nonspecific dysmorphic facial features (Janssen et al., 2022).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1841272">Condition Record</a></div></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_755478" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347910" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_208652" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate syndrome</a></div><div class="jig-moreless" data-jigconfig="class: 'moveDown', moreText: 'See full list (36)', lessText: 'Show less', nodeBefore: 0"><span id="clinMore">
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_935013" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome, proximal</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_482831" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Coffin-Siris syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1804316" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract 2</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_339902" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cornelia de Lange syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_343663" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip-palate syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_347666" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip-palate syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_338020" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Exstrophy-epispadias complex</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_923943" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1841272" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 73</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_342416" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_898794" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_184924" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">McKusick-Kaufman syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1778116" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1780019" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1782906" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome 5</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_162898" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microphthalmia, syndromic 1</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1648321" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 18</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_815686" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_1778926" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Neurofacioskeletal syndrome with or without renal agenesis</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_896352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Noonan syndrome 9</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_98015" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Ochoa syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_120514" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pallister-Hall syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_18718" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prune belly syndrome</a></div>
<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_96043" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prune belly syndrome with pulmonic stenosis, intellectual disability, and deafness</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_394424" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Syndactyly-telecanthus-anogenital and renal malformations syndrome</a></div>
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<div class="hangingIndent"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#rdis_325511" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wolfram syndrome, mitochondrial form</a></div></span></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_105">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Professional_guidelines">Professional guidelines</h1><a sid="105" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">PubMed<a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#guidelinesHelpPM"><img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a></h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34515945">Long-term follow-up of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract diagnosed in utero: a longitudinal study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Israel T,
Tal W,
Pasternak Y,
Weissmann-Brenner A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Nephrol</span>
2022 Mar;35(2):567-573.
Epub 2021 Sep 13
doi: 10.1007/s40620-021-01142-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34515945" target="_blank">34515945</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33153550">ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Antenatal Hydronephrosis-Infant.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Expert Panel on Pediatric Imaging,
Brown BP,
Simoneaux SF,
Dillman JR,
Rigsby CK,
Iyer RS,
Alazraki AL,
Bardo DME,
Chan SS,
Chandra T,
Dorfman SR,
Garber MD,
Moore MM,
Nguyen JC,
Peters CA,
Shet NS,
Siegel A,
Waseem M,
Karmazyn B</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Am Coll Radiol</span>
2020 Nov;17(11S):S367-S379.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.09.017.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33153550" target="_blank">33153550</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/17304418">Prenatal diagnosis of pericentric inversion in homologues of chromosome 9: a decision dilemma.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Sharony R,
Amiel A,
Einy R,
Fejgin M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Perinatol</span>
2007 Feb;24(2):137-40.
Epub 2007 Feb 15
doi: 10.1055/s-2007-970081.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/17304418" target="_blank">17304418</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=(%22hydroureter%22%5Btiab%3A~0%5D)%20AND%20(%22english%20and%20humans%22%5BFilter%5D)%20AND%20(%20(%22practice%20guideline%22%5BFilter%5D)%20OR%20(practice*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(guideline%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20parameter%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20resource%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20bulletin%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20best%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(genetic*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20counseling%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20screening%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20test*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((expert%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20consensus%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20utility%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(management%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(clinical%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20pain%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20surveillance%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20emergency%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(treatment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20((evaluation%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20diagnosis%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(assessment%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20prevention%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20therap*))%20OR%20(Diagnos*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(prenatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20treatment%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20follow-up%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20differential%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonatal%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonate%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(guideline*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(pharmacogenetic*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20recommendation%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20consensus%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20(technical%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(molecular%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20testing%5Btitl%5D)))%20OR%20(risk%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20assessment%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(recommendation*%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Evidence-based%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(care%20AND%20((Patient%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20standard*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20primary%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20psychosocial%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Health%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20supervision%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(statement%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(policy%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20position%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20Consensus%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(pharmacogenetics%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(Dosing%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20therap*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20drug*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(Chemotherapy%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20decision*%5Btitl%5D)%20OR%20(screening%5Btitl%5D%20AND%20(newborn%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20neonat*%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20detection%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20diagnos*%5Btitl%5D))%20OR%20(criteria%5Btitl%5D%20OR%20genotype*%5Btitl%5D)%20)%20NOT%20(%22Case%20reports%22%5BPublication%20type%5D%20OR%20%22clinical%20study%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D%20OR%20%22randomized%20controlled%20trial%22%5BPublication%20Type%5D)" title="PubMed search">See all (10)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31704484">Severe complications of imported schistosomiasis, Spain: A retrospective observational study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salas-Coronas J,
Vázquez-Villegas J,
Lozano-Serrano AB,
Soriano-Pérez MJ,
Cabeza-Barrera I,
Cabezas-Fernández MT,
Villarejo-Ordóñez A,
Sánchez-Sánchez JC,
Abad Vivas-Pérez JI,
Vázquez-Blanc S,
Palanca-Giménez M,
Cuenca-Gómez JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Travel Med Infect Dis</span>
2020 May-Jun;35:101508.
Epub 2019 Nov 5
doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101508.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31704484" target="_blank">31704484</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/30799171">Diuresis renography in the evaluation and management of pediatric hydronephrosis: What have we learned?</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Bayne CE,
Majd M,
Rushton HG</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Pediatr Urol</span>
2019 Apr;15(2):128-137.
Epub 2019 Jan 28
doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.01.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/30799171" target="_blank">30799171</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25420180">Kidney disease among children in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kayange NM,
Smart LR,
Tallman JE,
Chu EY,
Fitzgerald DW,
Pain KJ,
Peck RN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Res</span>
2015 Feb;77(2):272-281.
Epub 2014 Nov 24
doi: 10.1038/pr.2014.189.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25420180" target="_blank">25420180</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4426498" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21668417">Ureteral endometriosis and loss of renal function: mechanisms and interpretations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Langebrekke A,
Qvigstad E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand</span>
2011 Oct;90(10):1164-6.
Epub 2011 Jul 21
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01210.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21668417" target="_blank">21668417</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/6867330">Pelvic actinomycosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maloney JJ,
Cho SR</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Radiology</span>
1983 Aug;148(2):388.
doi: 10.1148/radiology.148.2.6867330.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/6867330" target="_blank">6867330</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hydroureter%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (115)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34507789">Hydroureter.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM),
Osmundson SS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2021 Nov;225(5):B16-B17.
Epub 2021 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.044.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34507789" target="_blank">34507789</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31548730">Urogenital tuberculosis - epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Muneer A,
Macrae B,
Krishnamoorthy S,
Zumla A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Nat Rev Urol</span>
2019 Oct;16(10):573-598.
Epub 2019 Sep 23
doi: 10.1038/s41585-019-0228-9.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31548730" target="_blank">31548730</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/20447500">Genitourinary tract involvement in epidermolysis bullosa.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Almaani N,
Mellerio JE</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Dermatol Clin</span>
2010 Apr;28(2):343-6, xi.
doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.01.014.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/20447500" target="_blank">20447500</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/9326953">Imaging in pediatric urology.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Shalaby-Rana E,
Lowe LH,
Blask AN,
Majd M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Clin North Am</span>
1997 Oct;44(5):1065-89.
doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70548-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/9326953" target="_blank">9326953</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1348701">Tuberculous vesico-vaginal fistula.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ba-Thike K,
Than-Aye,
Nan-Oo</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Gynaecol Obstet</span>
1992 Feb;37(2):127-30.
doi: 10.1016/0020-7292(92)90494-4.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1348701" target="_blank">1348701</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hydroureter%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (199)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24684409">Pulmonary and retroperitoneal lesions induced by methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Yamakawa H,
Yoshida M,
Katagi H,
Hirooka S,
Okuda K,
Ishikawa T,
Takagi M,
Kuwano K</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Mod Rheumatol</span>
2016;26(3):441-4.
Epub 2014 Apr 1
doi: 10.3109/14397595.2014.898559.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24684409" target="_blank">24684409</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25925589">Ureteric vasculitis, an unusual presentation of polyarteritis nodosa: a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Jois R,
Gupta A,
Krishnamurthy S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Int J Rheum Dis</span>
2015 Jun;18(5):577-9.
Epub 2015 Apr 30
doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12547.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25925589" target="_blank">25925589</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19755771">Penicillin G-induced hemorrhagic cystitis with hydronephrosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Toma Y,
Ishiki T,
Nagahama K,
Okumura K,
Kamiyama T,
Kohagura K,
Kakihana A,
Tana T,
Ohya Y,
Takishita S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Intern Med</span>
2009;48(18):1667-9.
Epub 2009 Sep 15
doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.48.1842.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19755771" target="_blank">19755771</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/11061356">Left hydronephrosis caused by Crohn disease successfully treated conservatively.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ben-Ami H,
Lavy A,
Behar DM,
Ginesin Y,
Fischer D,
Edoute Y</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Sci</span>
2000 Oct;320(4):286-7.
doi: 10.1097/00000441-200010000-00011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/11061356" target="_blank">11061356</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/1275538">Menkes's steely hair syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wheeler EM,
Roberts PF</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Arch Dis Child</span>
1976 Apr;51(4):269-74.
doi: 10.1136/adc.51.4.269.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/1275538" target="_blank">1275538</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC1545947" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hydroureter%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (50)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/34507789">Hydroureter.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM),
Osmundson SS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Obstet Gynecol</span>
2021 Nov;225(5):B16-B17.
Epub 2021 Sep 8
doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.044.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/34507789" target="_blank">34507789</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24433315">A novel mutation in GATA6 causes pancreatic agenesis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Stanescu DE,
Hughes N,
Patel P,
De León DD</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Diabetes</span>
2015 Feb;16(1):67-70.
Epub 2014 Jan 17
doi: 10.1111/pedi.12111.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24433315" target="_blank">24433315</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4102676" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/21668417">Ureteral endometriosis and loss of renal function: mechanisms and interpretations.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Langebrekke A,
Qvigstad E</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand</span>
2011 Oct;90(10):1164-6.
Epub 2011 Jul 21
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01210.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/21668417" target="_blank">21668417</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/19512927">Laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Scioscia M,
Molon A,
Grosso G,
Minelli L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol</span>
2009 Aug;21(4):325-8.
doi: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e32832e0798.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/19512927" target="_blank">19512927</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/4812676">Letter: Spinal cord injury and hydronephrosis and hydroureter.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Hackler RH</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urology</span>
1974 Feb;3(2):251.
doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(74)80030-0.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/4812676" target="_blank">4812676</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hydroureter%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (85)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37029823">Value of detected hydronephrosis and hydroureter on ultrasound for detecting a ureteral stone: a retrospective study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Wang M,
Zhang J,
Zhang B,
Ma Q</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Urolithiasis</span>
2023 Apr 8;51(1):67.
doi: 10.1007/s00240-023-01445-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37029823" target="_blank">37029823</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/31704484">Severe complications of imported schistosomiasis, Spain: A retrospective observational study.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Salas-Coronas J,
Vázquez-Villegas J,
Lozano-Serrano AB,
Soriano-Pérez MJ,
Cabeza-Barrera I,
Cabezas-Fernández MT,
Villarejo-Ordóñez A,
Sánchez-Sánchez JC,
Abad Vivas-Pérez JI,
Vázquez-Blanc S,
Palanca-Giménez M,
Cuenca-Gómez JA</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Travel Med Infect Dis</span>
2020 May-Jun;35:101508.
Epub 2019 Nov 5
doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101508.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/31704484" target="_blank">31704484</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28874180">Ureter metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a case report.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Tsutsumi S,
Kawahara T,
Hattori Y,
Mochizuki T,
Teranishi JI,
Miyoshi Y,
Chiba S,
Uemura H</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">J Med Case Rep</span>
2017 Sep 6;11(1):215.
doi: 10.1186/s13256-017-1379-z.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28874180" target="_blank">28874180</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5585961" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25420180">Kidney disease among children in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kayange NM,
Smart LR,
Tallman JE,
Chu EY,
Fitzgerald DW,
Pain KJ,
Peck RN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Res</span>
2015 Feb;77(2):272-281.
Epub 2014 Nov 24
doi: 10.1038/pr.2014.189.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25420180" target="_blank">25420180</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4426498" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/23751045">Monochorionic twin fetus with VACTERL association after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kanasugi T,
Kikuchi A,
Matsumoto A,
Terata M,
Isurugi C,
Oyama R,
Fukushima A,
Sugiyama T</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Congenit Anom (Kyoto)</span>
2013 Jun;53(2):95-7.
doi: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2012.00373.x.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/23751045" target="_blank">23751045</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hydroureter%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (65)</a></div></div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_104">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_systematic_reviews">Recent systematic reviews</h1><a sid="104" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37943428">Duplex Kidney in Adults: a Systematic Review of the Literature.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alsaikhan B,
Abugamza F,
Almuhanna A,
Bakarmom M,
Alhussaini S,
Hajek D</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Curr Urol Rep</span>
2023 Dec;24(12):591-600.
Epub 2023 Nov 9
doi: 10.1007/s11934-023-01190-5.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37943428" target="_blank">37943428</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/27984749">Laparoscopic management of ureteral endometriosis: A systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Cavaco-Gomes J,
Martinho M,
Gilabert-Aguilar J,
Gilabert-Estélles J</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol</span>
2017 Mar;210:94-101.
Epub 2016 Dec 12
doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.12.011.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/27984749" target="_blank">27984749</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/25420180">Kidney disease among children in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Kayange NM,
Smart LR,
Tallman JE,
Chu EY,
Fitzgerald DW,
Pain KJ,
Peck RN</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Pediatr Res</span>
2015 Feb;77(2):272-281.
Epub 2014 Nov 24
doi: 10.1038/pr.2014.189.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/25420180" target="_blank">25420180</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC4426498" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
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