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<input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label">
From:
</label>
<input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label">
Format:
</label>
<select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format">
<option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option>
<option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="include-supplemental-container">
<input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental">
<label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label>
</div>
<div class="form-field recaptcha ">
<div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div>
</div>
<div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="send">
Send email
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_email_panel"
aria-controls="email-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="email"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" />
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="collections-action-panel"
class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to Collections
</h3>
<form id="collections-action-panel-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ABkVlSspj7DKyfbJC0dFTNCx7SsXBx6SRo40YIVLTIqesGhzfjQHnV8bFWa9u8Ec">
<div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup">
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new">
<label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="radio"
id="collections-action-panel-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing">
<label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="controls-wrapper">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
</label>
<input
type="text"
name="add-to-new-collection"
id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new"
class="collections-action-add-to-new"
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"
maxlength="100"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="create_collection"
data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection">
<div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Name must be less than 100 characters
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls">
<label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label">
Choose a collection:
</label>
<select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing"
class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="select_collection"
data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'">
</select>
<div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your collection due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="add">
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel"
aria-controls="collections-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="collections"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="bibliography-action-panel"
class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel"
aria-hidden="true"
data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h3 class="action-panel-heading">
Add to My Bibliography
</h3>
<form id="bibliography-action-panel-form"
class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100"
data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10"
data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/"
data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/"
data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/"
data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ABkVlSspj7DKyfbJC0dFTNCx7SsXBx6SRo40YIVLTIqesGhzfjQHnV8bFWa9u8Ec">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls">
<div class="choice-group">
<ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items">
<li>
<input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/>
<label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message">
Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br>
<a href="#">Please try again</a>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Adding..."
data-pinger-ignore>
Add
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel"
aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="mybib"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"
data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false"
data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your saved search
</h2>
<form id="saved-search-action-panel-form"
class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/"
data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/"
data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ABkVlSspj7DKyfbJC0dFTNCx7SsXBx6SRo40YIVLTIqesGhzfjQHnV8bFWa9u8Ec">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of saved search:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
type="text"
name="saved-search-name"
id="saved-search-name"
class="saved-search-name"
value=""
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Search terms:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea>
</div>
<div class="test-search-term-wrap">
<a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a>
</div>
<div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label">
Would you like email updates of new search results?
</span>
<fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label">
<legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend>
<ul class="radio-group-items">
<li>
<input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked>
<label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label>
</li>
<li>
<input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no">
<label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="alert-schedule-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label class="action-panel-label">
Email:
</label>
<span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label">
Frequency:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency">
<option value="monthly">Monthly</option>
<option value="weekly">Weekly</option>
<option value="daily">Daily</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector">
<option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">The first Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">The first Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option>
<option value="day">The first day</option>
<option value="weekday">The first weekday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional">
<label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label">
Which day?
</label>
<select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day">
<option value="Sunday">Sunday</option>
<option value="Monday">Monday</option>
<option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option>
<option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option>
<option value="Thursday">Thursday</option>
<option value="Friday">Friday</option>
<option value="Saturday">Saturday</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label">
Report format:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report">
<option value="DocSum">Summary</option>
<option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option>
<option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label">
Send at most:
</label>
<select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount">
<option value="1">1 item</option>
<option value="5" selected>5 items</option>
<option value="10">10 items</option>
<option value="20">20 items</option>
<option value="50">50 items</option>
<option value="100">100 items</option>
<option value="200">200 items</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result">
<label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox">
Send even when there aren't any new results
</label>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap">
<label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label">
Optional text in email:
</label>
<textarea name="saved-search-email-text"
id="saved-search-email-text"
class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Saving..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Save
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel"
aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Create a file for external citation management software
</h2>
<form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form"
class="action-panel-content action-form"
action="/results-export-ids/"
data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/"
data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/"
method="post"
data-by-search-method="post"
data-by-ids-method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ABkVlSspj7DKyfbJC0dFTNCx7SsXBx6SRo40YIVLTIqesGhzfjQHnV8bFWa9u8Ec">
<input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Sending..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="save">
Create file
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel"
aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="citation_manager"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<h2 class="action-panel-heading">
Your RSS Feed
</h2>
<form id="rss-action-panel-form"
class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form"
data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/"
data-search-form-term-value="">
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ABkVlSspj7DKyfbJC0dFTNCx7SsXBx6SRo40YIVLTIqesGhzfjQHnV8bFWa9u8Ec">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap">
<label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name of RSS Feed:
</label>
<input maxlength="200"
placeholder="Name"
type="text"
name="rss-name"
id="rss-name"
class="rss-name"
value=''
required
pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/">
</div>
<div class="rss-limit-wrap">
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top">
<label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label">
Number of items displayed:
</label>
<select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit">
<option value="5">5</option>
<option value="10">10</option>
<option value="15" selected="selected">15</option>
<option value="20">20</option>
<option value="50">50</option>
<option value="100">100</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-actions">
<button class="action-panel-submit"
type="submit"
data-loading-label="Creating..."
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="save">
Create RSS
</button>
<button class="action-panel-cancel"
aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel"
ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel"
aria-controls="rss-action-panel"
aria-expanded="false"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="alert"
data-ga-label="cancel">
Cancel
</button>
</div>
<div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap">
<label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label>
<input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link">
<button
type="button"
disabled
class="rss-link-copy-button disabled"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="rss"
data-ga-label="copy">
Copy
</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="24482476">
<aside class="page-sidebar">
<div class="inner-wrap">
<div class="full-text-links">
<div class="full-view">
<h3 class="title">
Full text links
</h3>
<div class="full-text-links-list">
<a class="link-item
dialog-focus"
href="https:///www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1247363?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&amp;rfr_dat=cr_pub 0pubmed"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=4487&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=24482476&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=0404511"
title="See full text options at Atypon"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="Atypon"
data-ga-label="24482476"
><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--www.science.org-pb-assets-images-logos-pubmed-science.gif" alt="Atypon full text link"><span class="text">
Atypon
</span></a><a class="link-item
pmc
"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/24482476/"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=24482476&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=0404511"
title="Free full text at PubMed Central"
data-ga-category="full_text"
data-ga-action="PMC"
data-ga-label="24482476"
><span class="text">
Free PMC article
</span></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="short-view">
<a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger">
Full text links
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles"
data-ga-category="save_share"
data-ga-action="cite"
data-ga-label="open"
data-all-citations-url="/24482476/citations/"
data-citation-style="nlm"
data-pubmed-format-link="/24482476/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="24482476" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger"
aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections."
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_button"
data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false"
data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F24482476%2F%23open-collections-dialog"
data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog"
class="dialog collections-dialog"
aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form"
class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors"
data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/"
data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/"
data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/"
data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100"
data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="ABkVlSspj7DKyfbJC0dFTNCx7SsXBx6SRo40YIVLTIqesGhzfjQHnV8bFWa9u8Ec"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-new"
class="collections-new"
name="collections"
value="new"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio"
id="collections-action-dialog-existing"
class="collections-existing"
name="collections"
value="existing"
checked="true"
data-ga-category="collections_button"
data-ga-action="click"
data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk">
Name your collection:
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Exome sequencing links corticospinal motor neuron disease to common neurodegenerative disorders
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Ahmed Bouhouche">Ahmed Bouhouche</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Université Mohammed V Souissi, Equipe de Recherchéde Maladies Neurodégéneratives (ERMN) and Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques (CRECET), 6402 Rabat, Morocco." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
13
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Ali Benomar">Ali Benomar</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Université Mohammed V Souissi, Equipe de Recherchéde Maladies Neurodégéneratives (ERMN) and Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques (CRECET), 6402 Rabat, Morocco." href="#full-view-affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
13
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Hanein+S&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
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14
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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14
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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14
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Laila Selim">Laila Selim</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Cairo University Children&#x27;s Hospital, Cairo 406, Egypt." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
4
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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15
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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16
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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17
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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18
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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19
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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19
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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19
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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20
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data-ga-label="Mahmoud Y Issa">Mahmoud Y Issa</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo 12311, Egypt." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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1
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1
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1
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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1
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1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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2
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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14
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
21
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
21
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-22" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
22
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Giovanni Stevanin">Giovanni Stevanin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre de Recherche de l&#x27;Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225; UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S975, 75013 Paris, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
14
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
21
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-22" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
22
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France." href="#full-view-affiliation-23" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
23
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Stacy B Gabriel">Stacy B Gabriel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-24" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Trey Ideker">Trey Ideker</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Joseph G Gleeson">Joseph G Gleeson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
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<h3 class="title">
Affiliations
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<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1"
id="full-view-affiliation-1"
><sup class="key">1</sup> Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2"
id="full-view-affiliation-2"
><sup class="key">2</sup> Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo 12311, Egypt.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3"
id="full-view-affiliation-3"
><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4"
id="full-view-affiliation-4"
><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Cairo University Children&#x27;s Hospital, Cairo 406, Egypt.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5"
id="full-view-affiliation-5"
><sup class="key">5</sup> Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6"
id="full-view-affiliation-6"
><sup class="key">6</sup> Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7"
id="full-view-affiliation-7"
><sup class="key">7</sup> Department of Genetic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8"
id="full-view-affiliation-8"
><sup class="key">8</sup> Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-9"
id="full-view-affiliation-9"
><sup class="key">9</sup> Department of Pediatrics, Tripoli Children&#x27;s Hospital, Tripoli, Libya.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-10"
id="full-view-affiliation-10"
><sup class="key">10</sup> Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, 41380 Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-11"
id="full-view-affiliation-11"
><sup class="key">11</sup> Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-12"
id="full-view-affiliation-12"
><sup class="key">12</sup> Mashhad Medical Genetic Counseling Center, 91767 Mashhad, Iran.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-13"
id="full-view-affiliation-13"
><sup class="key">13</sup> Université Mohammed V Souissi, Equipe de Recherchéde Maladies Neurodégéneratives (ERMN) and Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques (CRECET), 6402 Rabat, Morocco.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-14"
id="full-view-affiliation-14"
><sup class="key">14</sup> Centre de Recherche de l&#x27;Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225; UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S975, 75013 Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-15"
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><sup class="key">15</sup> Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saudi German Hospital, Post Office Box 84348, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-16"
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><sup class="key">16</sup> Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Dohuk, Dohuk, Iraq.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-17"
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><sup class="key">17</sup> Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-18"
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><sup class="key">18</sup> Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-19"
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><sup class="key">19</sup> Department of Genetics and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.</li>
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><sup class="key">20</sup> Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-21"
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><sup class="key">21</sup> Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-22"
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><sup class="key">22</sup> Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-23"
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><sup class="key">23</sup> Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-24"
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><sup class="key">24</sup> Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.</li>
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Exome sequencing links corticospinal motor neuron disease to common neurodegenerative disorders
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<span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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10
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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4
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
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data-ga-label="Laure Raymond">Laure Raymond</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre de Recherche de l&#x27;Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225; UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S975, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
14
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Forlani+S&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
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data-ga-label="Sylvie Forlani">Sylvie Forlani</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre de Recherche de l&#x27;Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225; UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S975, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
14
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Mascaro+M&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Massimo Mascaro">Massimo Mascaro</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Selim+L&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Laila Selim">Laila Selim</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Cairo University Children&#x27;s Hospital, Cairo 406, Egypt." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
4
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Shehata+N&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
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data-ga-label="Nabil Shehata">Nabil Shehata</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saudi German Hospital, Post Office Box 84348, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." href="#short-view-affiliation-15" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
15
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Al-Allawi+N&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
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data-ga-label="Nasir Al-Allawi">Nasir Al-Allawi</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Dohuk, Dohuk, Iraq." href="#short-view-affiliation-16" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
16
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Bindu+PS&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
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data-ga-label="P S Bindu">P S Bindu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India." href="#short-view-affiliation-17" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
17
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Azam+M&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Matloob Azam">Matloob Azam</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan." href="#short-view-affiliation-18" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
18
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Gunel+M&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
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data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Murat Gunel">Murat Gunel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Genetics and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
19
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Caglayan+A&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Ahmet Caglayan">Ahmet Caglayan</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Genetics and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
19
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Bilguvar+K&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Kaya Bilguvar">Kaya Bilguvar</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Genetics and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-19" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
19
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Tolun+A&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Aslihan Tolun">Aslihan Tolun</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey." href="#short-view-affiliation-20" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
20
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Issa+MY&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
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data-ga-label="Mahmoud Y Issa">Mahmoud Y Issa</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo 12311, Egypt." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Schroth+J&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Jana Schroth">Jana Schroth</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Spencer+EG&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Emily G Spencer">Emily G Spencer</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Rosti+RO&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Rasim O Rosti">Rasim O Rosti</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Akizu+N&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Naiara Akizu">Naiara Akizu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Vaux+KK&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Keith K Vaux">Keith K Vaux</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Johansen+A&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Anide Johansen">Anide Johansen</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Koh+AA&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Alice A Koh">Alice A Koh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Megahed+H&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Hisham Megahed">Hisham Megahed</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo 12311, Egypt." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
2
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Durr+A&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Alexandra Durr">Alexandra Durr</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre de Recherche de l&#x27;Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225; UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S975, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
14
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
21
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Brice+A&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Alexis Brice">Alexis Brice</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre de Recherche de l&#x27;Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225; UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S975, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
14
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
21
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-22" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
22
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Stevanin+G&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Giovanni Stevanin">Giovanni Stevanin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Centre de Recherche de l&#x27;Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225; UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S975, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-14" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
14
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-21" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
21
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-22" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
22
</a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France." href="#short-view-affiliation-23" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
23
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Gabriel+SB&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Stacy B Gabriel">Stacy B Gabriel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-24" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
24
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Ideker+T&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Trey Ideker">Trey Ideker</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
3
</a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name"
href="/?term=Gleeson+JG&amp;cauthor_id=24482476"
ref="linksrc=author_name_link"
data-ga-category="search"
data-ga-action="author_link"
data-ga-label="Joseph G Gleeson">Joseph G Gleeson</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff">
1
</a></sup></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="affiliations">
<h3 class="title">
Affiliations
</h3>
<ul class="item-list">
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1"
id="short-view-affiliation-1"
><sup class="key">1</sup> Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2"
id="short-view-affiliation-2"
><sup class="key">2</sup> Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo 12311, Egypt.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3"
id="short-view-affiliation-3"
><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4"
id="short-view-affiliation-4"
><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Cairo University Children&#x27;s Hospital, Cairo 406, Egypt.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5"
id="short-view-affiliation-5"
><sup class="key">5</sup> Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6"
id="short-view-affiliation-6"
><sup class="key">6</sup> Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7"
id="short-view-affiliation-7"
><sup class="key">7</sup> Department of Genetic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8"
id="short-view-affiliation-8"
><sup class="key">8</sup> Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9"
id="short-view-affiliation-9"
><sup class="key">9</sup> Department of Pediatrics, Tripoli Children&#x27;s Hospital, Tripoli, Libya.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10"
id="short-view-affiliation-10"
><sup class="key">10</sup> Kocaeli University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Neurology, 41380 Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11"
id="short-view-affiliation-11"
><sup class="key">11</sup> Clinical and Metabolic Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-12"
id="short-view-affiliation-12"
><sup class="key">12</sup> Mashhad Medical Genetic Counseling Center, 91767 Mashhad, Iran.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-13"
id="short-view-affiliation-13"
><sup class="key">13</sup> Université Mohammed V Souissi, Equipe de Recherchéde Maladies Neurodégéneratives (ERMN) and Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques (CRECET), 6402 Rabat, Morocco.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-14"
id="short-view-affiliation-14"
><sup class="key">14</sup> Centre de Recherche de l&#x27;Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225; UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S975, 75013 Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-15"
id="short-view-affiliation-15"
><sup class="key">15</sup> Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saudi German Hospital, Post Office Box 84348, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-16"
id="short-view-affiliation-16"
><sup class="key">16</sup> Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Dohuk, Dohuk, Iraq.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-17"
id="short-view-affiliation-17"
><sup class="key">17</sup> Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-18"
id="short-view-affiliation-18"
><sup class="key">18</sup> Department of Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Pakistan.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-19"
id="short-view-affiliation-19"
><sup class="key">19</sup> Department of Genetics and Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-20"
id="short-view-affiliation-20"
><sup class="key">20</sup> Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-21"
id="short-view-affiliation-21"
><sup class="key">21</sup> Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Fédération de Génétique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-22"
id="short-view-affiliation-22"
><sup class="key">22</sup> Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-23"
id="short-view-affiliation-23"
><sup class="key">23</sup> Laboratoire de Neurogénétique, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, 75013 Paris, France.</li>
<li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-24"
id="short-view-affiliation-24"
><sup class="key">24</sup> Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="equal-contrib-block">
<div class="equal-contrib-explanation" id="short-view-equal-contrib-explanation"><sup class="key">#</sup> Contributed equally.</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers">
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<span class="identifier pubmed">
<span class="id-label">
PMID:
</span>
<strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">24482476</strong>
</span>
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<span class="identifier pmc">
<span class="id-label">
PMCID:
</span>
<a class="id-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC4157572&amp;id_type=PMC"
href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4157572/"
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data-ga-action="PMCID"
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PMC4157572
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<span class="identifier doi">
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DOI:
</span>
<a class="id-link"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1126/science.1247363&amp;id_type=DOI"
href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1247363"
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<p>
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are neurodegenerative motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive age-dependent loss of corticospinal motor tract function. Although the genetic basis is partly understood, only a fraction of cases can receive a genetic diagnosis, and a global view of HSP is lacking. By using whole-exome sequencing in combination with network analysis, we identified 18 previously unknown putative HSP genes and validated nearly all of these genes functionally or genetically. The pathways highlighted by these mutations link HSP to cellular transport, nucleotide metabolism, and synapse and axon development. Network analysis revealed a host of further candidate genes, of which three were mutated in our cohort. Our analysis links HSP to other neurodegenerative disorders and can facilitate gene discovery and mechanistic understanding of disease.
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<p> Fig. 1. Functional validation of private HSP… </p>
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<p> Fig. 1. Functional validation of private HSP genes in zebrafish </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> A </b> ) Quantification of… </p></div>
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Fig. 1. Functional validation of private HSP genes in zebrafish
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>A</b>) Quantification of 24-hours-post-fertilization (hpf) embryos mortality (black) and curly-tail (gray) phenotypes for noninjected (NI), scrambled, and morphants (MO) at stated nanogram concentrations. Overt phenotypes were observed for all MOs except MO<sup>pgap1</sup>. (<b>B</b>) Average touch-response distance (in arbitrary units, A.U.) in 72-hpf larvae, showing blunted response for all MOs. (<b>C</b>) Immediate touch-response trajectory of example larvae, each shaded uniquely. <i>Mars2</i> MO was too severe to be tested, whereas others showed reduced response. (<b>D</b> to <b>F</b>) Spontaneous locomotion at 6 days post fertilization. (D) Average percent of time spent moving over a 30-min window showed a reduction for all for at least one dose. (E) Average active period duration, showing reduction for all. (F) Representative kymographs recording fish position (black dot) over 30-min recording. MOs showed either short distance traveled (MO<sup>arl6ip1</sup>) or reduced movements per recording (MO<sup>pgap1</sup> and MO<sup>usp8</sup>). *<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01 (t test). <i>N</i> &gt; 2 experiments with <i>n</i> &gt; 20 animals per experiment. Error bars indicate standard error.</div>
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<p> Fig. 2. Hereditary spastic paraplegia interactome </p>
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<p> Fig. 2. Hereditary spastic paraplegia interactome </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> A </b> ) HSP seeds + candidate network (edge-weighted… </p></div>
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Fig. 2. Hereditary spastic paraplegia interactome
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<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>A</b>) HSP seeds + candidate network (edge-weighted force-directed layout), demonstrating many of the genes known to be mutated in HSP (seeds, blue) and new HSP candidates (red), along with others (circles) constituting the network. (<b>B</b> and <b>C</b>) Comparison of statistical strength of HSP subnetworks with 10,000 permutations of randomly selected proteins. Dots denote the value of the metric on the true set (i.e., seeds or seeds + candidates). Box and whisker plots denote matched null distributions (i.e., 10,000 permutations). (B) Seed (known mutated in HSP) versus random proteins drawn with the same degree distribution. (C) Seed plus candidate HSP versus a matching set of proteins. (Left) Within group edge count (i.e., number of edges between members of the query set). (Middle) Interaction neighborhood overlap (i.e., Jaccard similarity). (Right) Network random walk similarity.</div>
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<p> Fig. 3. Genes from HSP networks found… </p>
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<p> Fig. 3. Genes from HSP networks found mutated in HSP </p>
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<div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> ( <b> A </b> ) HSP candidate… </p></div>
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Fig. 3. Genes from HSP networks found mutated in HSP
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>A</b>) HSP candidate genes predicted from the HSPome found mutated in the HSP cohort. <i>BICD2</i>, <i>MAP</i>, and <i>REEP2</i> were subsequently found mutated in HSP families 1370 (<b>B</b>), 1226 (<b>D</b>), and 1967 (<b>F</b>), respectively. (<b>C</b>) Homozygosity plot from family 1370. Red bars, regions of homozygosity; arrow, homozygous block containing <i>BICD2</i>. (<b>E</b>) Linkage plot of family 1226; arrow, <i>MAG</i> locus. (<b>G</b>) Homozygosity plot; arrow, <i>REEP2</i> locus. (<b>H</b> to <b>J</b>) Zoom in from HSPome for specific interaction identifying candidates CCDC64 (a paralog of BIC2D), MAG, and REEP2 (yellow) with previously published (blue) and newly identified (red) genes mutated in HSP. Blue lines denote manually curated interactions.</div>
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<p> Fig. 4. Functional link between HSP genes… </p>
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<p> Fig. 4. Functional link between HSP genes and genes of other neurodegenerative conditions </p>
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Fig. 4. Functional link between HSP genes and genes of other neurodegenerative conditions
</strong>
<div class="figure-caption-contents">(<b>A</b>) Density distribution representing random walk distances of OMIM-derived neurodegeneration gene networks along with 10,000 permutations of randomly selected protein pools compared with the HSP seeds plus candidates pool. The top 5%ile distance is shaded. Only for Parkinsons, Alzheimers, and ALS do the HSP seeds plus candidates fall within this 5%, whereas epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder show no statistical overlap. (<b>B</b>) Bipartite network showing the top links between the set of HSP and ALS proteins. Clear circles, HSP seeds; yellow circles, HSP candidates; boxes, ALS genes (VCP and ALS2 are implicated as causative of both HSP and ALS); line thickness, diffusion similarity between the two proteins.</div>
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Genetics. A unified process for neurological disease.
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<span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Singleton AB.</span>
<span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Singleton AB.</span>
<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):497-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1250172.</span>
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Genetics: Exome sequencing sheds light on hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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<span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Nat Rev Neurol. 2014 Mar;10(3):124. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.27. Epub 2014 Feb 25.</span>
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