publicdata/nih-gov
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
nih-gov/medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/index.html
Scott Williams 7bcb500d37 Initial commit.
2025-02-26 13:17:41 -05:00

785 lines
44 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" id="genetic_condition" class="nojs us" data-root="https://medlineplus.gov/">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
<meta http-equiv="window-target" content="_top" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/" />
<link href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/" hreflang="x-default" rel="alternate">
<meta name="ac-dictionary" content="medlineplus-ac-dictionary" />
<meta name="description" content="Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) results from infection by the varicella zoster virus. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition." />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/touch-icon.png" />
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="1042245625821448" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Shingles: MedlinePlus Genetics" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/GeneticCondition_Share.jpg" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) results from infection by the varicella zoster virus. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition." />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@medlineplus" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@medlineplus" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Shingles: MedlinePlus Genetics" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) results from infection by the varicella zoster virus. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition." />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/GeneticCondition_Share.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content=""/>
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="" />
<title>Shingles: MedlinePlus Genetics</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/css/common_new.css?1738956920207" />
<!--[if IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/css/ie8/common.css"> <![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/css/uswds_styles.css" />
<script type="text/javascript">document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].className = document.getElementsByTagName('html')[0].className.replace( /(?:^|\s)nojs(?!\S)/g , '').trim();</script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/js/uswds-init.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MMVM77');</script>
</head>
<body>
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MMVM77"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="googletagmanager"></iframe></noscript>
<a name="top" id="top"></a>
<a class="hide-offscreen" href="#start">Skip navigation</a>
<section
class="usa-banner"
aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
>
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto">
<img
aria-hidden="true"
class="usa-banner__header-flag"
src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/us_flag_small.png"
alt=""
/>
</div>
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text">
An official website of the United States government
</p>
<p class="usa-banner__header-action">Here’s how you know</p>
</div>
<button
type="button"
class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default"
>
<span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span>
</button>
</div>
</header>
<div
class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content"
id="gov-banner-default-default"
>
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img
class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img"
src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg"
role="img"
alt=""
aria-hidden="true"
/>
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br />A
<strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government
organization in the United States.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6">
<img
class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img"
src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/img/icon-https.svg"
role="img"
alt=""
aria-hidden="true"
/>
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p>
<strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br />A
<strong>lock</strong> (
<span class="icon-lock"
><svg
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="52"
height="64"
viewBox="0 0 52 64"
class="usa-banner__lock-image"
role="img"
aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default"
focusable="false"
>
<title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title>
<desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc>
<path
fill="#000000"
fill-rule="evenodd"
d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"
/>
</svg> </span
>) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to
the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official,
secure websites.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div id="mplus-wrap">
<header>
<div id="mplus-header">
<div id="mplus-orgs">
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/" class="nih-org" target="_blank" title="National Institutes of Health">
<img class="nihlogo" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nihlogo.png" alt="National Institutes of Health"/>
</a><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank"> National Library of Medicine</a>
</div>
<div id="mplus-logo" class="years-25">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/">
<img alt="MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You" title="MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/m_logo_25.png"/>
</a>
</div>
<div id="mplus-nav">
<div aria-live="polite" class="sm-live-area hide-offscreen"></div>
<button id="sm-menu-btn" class="navmenu-btn" title="Menu" role="button" aria-controls="mplus-menu-list" type="submit">Menu<span class="icon icon-nav-menu"></span></button>
<ul id="mplus-menu-list" class="nav-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthtopics.html">Health Topics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">Drugs & Supplements</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">Genetics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/">Medical Tests</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encyclopedia.html">Medical Encyclopedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/">About MedlinePlus</a></li>
</ul><button id="sm-search-btn" class="navmenu-btn" title="Search" role="button" aria-controls="mplus-search" type="submit"><span class="hide-offscreen"></span>Search<span class="icon icon-nav-search"></span></button>
<div class="top-1">
<form id="mplus-search" method="get" action="https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta" title="Search MedlinePlus" target="_self">
<input type="hidden" name="v:project" value="medlineplus"/>
<input type="hidden" name="v:sources" value="medlineplus-bundle"/>
<div class="form-box text-combo">
<div class="form-area"><label class="hide-offscreen" for="searchtext_primary">Search MedlinePlus</label>
<input id="searchtext_primary" class="form-text" type="text" placeholder="Search MedlinePlus" alt="#Site Search input" title="Site Search input" maxlength="400" size="40" name="query" autocomplete="off" role="textbox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-haspopup="true"/>
</div>
<div class="button-area">
<button class="form-btn" title="Search MedlinePlus" alt="Search MedlinePlus" type="submit">GO</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<div class="secondarynav">
<ul class="nav-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/"><span>About MedlinePlus</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/whatsnew/">What's New</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sitemap.html"><span>Site Map</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/knowledgebase/category/?id=CAT-01231&category=medlineplus&from=https%3A//medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/" target="_blank"><span>Customer Support</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mplus-nav-bar">
<ul class="nav-list">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthtopics.html">Health Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html">Drugs & Supplements</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/">Genetics</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/">Medical Tests</a></li><li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/encyclopedia.html">Medical Encyclopedia</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div id="mplus-content">
<div id="breadcrumbs">
<div itemprop="breadcrumb" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">
<span class="hide-offscreen">You Are Here:</span>
<div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a>
&rarr;
<meta itemprop="position" content="1"/>
</div>
<div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Genetics</span></a>
&rarr;
<meta itemprop="position" content="2"/>
</div>
<div itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem">
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Genetic Conditions</span></a>
&rarr;
<meta itemprop="position" content="3"/>
</div>
<div>
<span>Shingles</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="page-url print-only">URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/</span>
<div >
<article>
<div class="page-info">
<div class="page-title">
<a name="start" id="start"></a>
<h1>Shingles</h1>
</div>
<div class="page-actions"></div>
<noscript><span class="js-disabled-message">To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript.</span></noscript>
</div>
<div class="main">
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="description">
<h2>Description</h2>
<section><div class="mp-content"><p>Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) results from infection by the varicella zoster virus. This common virus causes chickenpox (also known as varicella), which is characterized by itchy spots on the skin that cover the whole body and usually occurs in childhood or adolescence. After the body fights the initial infection, the varicella zoster virus remains in nerve cells for the rest of a person's life. Because the virus is controlled by immune system cells called <a class="image-modal" data-alt="Diagram showing cell-mediated immune response involving macrophages and T cells" data-caption="" data-credit="Designua/Shutterstock.com" data-filepath="images/PX0001A8_PRESENTATION.jpeg" data-imgtype="genetics" data-pix="PX0001A8" data-sourceurl="" data-title="Role of T cells in the immune response" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/PX0001A8_PRESENTATION.jpeg" id="PX0001A8_1" title="Show image">T cells<img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="image-modal-icon" src="https://medlineplus.gov/css/img/icon_camera_small.png"/></a>, it is generally inactive (latent) and typically causes no health problems. However, in some people, the virus becomes active again (reactivates) and causes shingles. Shingles can occur at any age, although it is rare in childhood and becomes more common after age 50.</p><p>Shingles is characterized by a severely painful, itchy, or tingling rash, most commonly on one side of the torso, although it can occur anywhere on the body. Reactivation of the virus usually occurs in a single nerve, leading to the symptoms of shingles in just the region of skin connected to that nerve. When the nerve connected to the eye and the skin surrounding it is affected, the condition is called herpes zoster ophthalmicus. This form of shingles, which accounts for about 20 percent of cases, can cause permanent vision impairment.</p><p>Some individuals with shingles feel throbbing or tingling in the affected region shortly before the rash appears. Blisters form in the rash area, break open, and scab over in a few days. Healing usually takes 2 to 4 weeks. Most people have only one episode of shingles, although it can recur in rare cases.</p><p>In 5 to 20 percent of people with shingles, severe pain continues in the affected region after healing of the rash, which is known as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). PHN is the most common complication of shingles. It can also involve severe itchiness or an overactive pain response to things that do not usually cause pain (allodynia), such as a light touch. PHN can last weeks, months, or even years. The likelihood of developing PHN after shingles and its severity increase with age. The pain caused by shingles and PHN can disrupt day-to-day activities and reduce a person's quality of life.</p></div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="frequency">
<h2>Frequency</h2>
<section><div class="mp-content"><p>Because everyone infected with the varicella zoster virus is at risk of developing shingles, the condition is relatively common, particularly in older adults. Shingles occurs in 20 to 30 percent of people at some point in their lives, and about half of people over age 80 have had shingles.</p><p>The risk of shingles varies by ethnic background. The condition is more common in people of non-Hispanic white ancestry than those of African American ancestry. For unknown reasons, women are more prone to develop shingles than men.</p><p>A vaccine to prevent chickenpox was introduced in the United States in 1995. Since then, the incidence of chickenpox has been reduced by 76 to 85 percent. Doctors suspect the reduction of varicella zoster virus infections will reduce the incidence of shingles as the vaccinated children grow into adulthood; however, it is too early to tell. Vaccines for adults to protect against shingles and subsequent PHN have been used since 2006 and are also expected to reduce the incidence of shingles and its complications.</p></div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="causes">
<h2>Causes</h2>
<section><div class="mp-content"><p>The causes of shingles are complex. Development of the condition is influenced by a combination of factors, including age, health, and genetics.</p><p>The strongest risk factor for shingles is age. The varicella zoster virus is controlled by the immune system, particularly <a class="image-modal" data-alt="Diagram showing cell-mediated immune response involving macrophages and T cells" data-caption="" data-credit="Designua/Shutterstock.com" data-filepath="images/PX0001A8_PRESENTATION.jpeg" data-imgtype="genetics" data-pix="PX0001A8" data-sourceurl="" data-title="Role of T cells in the immune response" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/PX0001A8_PRESENTATION.jpeg" id="PX0001A8_1" title="Show image">T cells<img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="image-modal-icon" src="https://medlineplus.gov/css/img/icon_camera_small.png"/></a> that keep the virus from infecting other cells. As people age, growth and division (proliferation) of T cells are diminished, reducing the immune system's ability to control the virus, which can allow its reactivation. Health factors that impair T cells can also trigger reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. For example certain drugs, such as chemotherapies used to treat blood cancers like <a data-pid="16591" href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/multiple-myeloma/">multiple myeloma</a> or drugs that prevent rejection of a transplanted organ, impair the immune system and can lead to virus reactivation. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which infects and kills T cells, can also allow the virus to become active again. In addition, some studies suggest that emotional stress or physical trauma may be involved in virus reactivation.</p><p>The role of genetics in shingles is not clear. Several studies indicate that having a family member who developed the condition increases a person's risk, suggesting a shared genetic risk factor, although other studies did not find such a link. Genes that help regulate the immune system have been found in some studies to be associated with the development of shingles or of PHN after shingles. In particular, the risk of developing PHN appears to be increased by certain variants of genes that belong to a family of genes called the <a class="image-modal" data-alt="Human chromosome 6 with amplification of the human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) region. The locations of specific HLA loci for the class I B, C and A alleles and the class II DP, DQ, and DR alleles are shown." data-caption="Human chromosome 6 with amplification of the human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) region. The locations of specific HLA loci for the class I B, C and A alleles and the class II DP, DQ, and DR alleles are shown." data-credit="© 2012 Terese Winslow LLC for the National Cancer Institute" data-filepath="images/PX0001UL_PRESENTATION.jpeg" data-imgtype="genetics" data-pix="PX0001UL" data-sourceurl="https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=10431" data-title="HLA complex" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/PX0001UL_PRESENTATION.jpeg" id="PX0001UL_3" title="Show image">human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex<img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="image-modal-icon" src="https://medlineplus.gov/css/img/icon_camera_small.png"/></a>. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. It is unclear if certain HLA variations also play a role in the development of shingles.</p></div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="related-genes mp-exp exp-full">
<h3>Learn more about the genes associated with Shingles</h3>
<ul class="relatedmp">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/hla-b/">HLA-B</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/polr3a/">POLR3A</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/stat1/">STAT1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/stat3/">STAT3</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Additional Information from NCBI Gene:</strong></p>
<ul class="relatedmp">
<li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3105" target="TheNewWin">HLA-A</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3586" target="TheNewWin">IL10</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10623" target="TheNewWin">POLR3C</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="inheritance">
<h2>Inheritance</h2>
<section><div class="mp- mp-content"><p>The inheritance pattern of shingles is unclear. Having a <a class="image-modal" data-alt="First degree relatives include parents, offspring, and siblings." data-caption="A first degree relative is a family member who shares about 50 percent of their genes with a particular individual in a family. First degree relatives include parents, offspring, and siblings." data-credit="Darryl Leja, NHGRI" data-filepath="images/PX0000I8_PRESENTATION.jpeg" data-imgtype="genetics" data-pix="PX0000I8" data-sourceurl="" data-title="First-degree relatives" href="https://medlineplus.gov/images/PX0000I8_PRESENTATION.jpeg" id="PX0000I8_1" title="Show image">first-degree relative<img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="image-modal-icon" src="https://medlineplus.gov/css/img/icon_camera_small.png"/></a> (such as a parent or sibling) who developed shingles appears to slightly increase the risk of developing the condition. However, shingles is relatively common in the general population, particularly among older adults, and so it would not be surprising to see more than one case in a family just by chance.</p></div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="synonyms">
<h2>Other Names for This Condition</h2>
<section>
<ul class="bulletlist">
<li>Herpes zoster</li> <li>Zoster</li>
</ul>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="resources">
<h2>Additional Information & Resources</h2>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<h2>Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7525/index" target="TheNewWin">Ramsay Hunt syndrome</a> <span class="desc-text"><img alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc" width="25" height="16"></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<h2>Patient Support and Advocacy Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://rarediseases.org/" target="TheNewWin">National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<h2>Clinical Trials</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=%22Shingles%22" target="TheNewWin">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> <span class="desc-text"><img alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc" width="25" height="16"></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<h2>Scientific Articles on PubMed</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%28%28Herpes+Zoster%5BTI%5D%29+OR+%28shingles%5BTI%5D%29%29+AND+english%5Bla%5D+AND+human%5Bmh%5D+AND+%22last+360+days%22%5Bdp%5D" target="TheNewWin">PubMed</a> <span class="desc-text"><img alt="From the National Institutes of Health" title="From the National Institutes of Health" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/nih.png" class="imgdesc" width="25" height="16"></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="mp-exp exp-full" data-bookmark="references">
<h2>References</h2>
<section>
<div class="mp-content">
<ul>
<li>Canadian Pain Society Study Day participants. Safety and effectiveness of the
herpes zoster vaccine to prevent postherpetic neuralgia: 2014 Update and
consensus statement from the Canadian Pain Society. Pain Res Manag. 2015
Jan-Feb;20(1):46-7. doi: 10.1155/2015/438597. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25664540" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a> or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4325890/" target="TheNewWin">Free article on PubMed Central</a></li>
<li>Chen N, Li Q, Yang J, Zhou M, Zhou D, He L. Antiviral treatment for preventing
postherpetic neuralgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Feb 6;2014(2):CD006866.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006866.pub3. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24500927" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Cho JW, Shin DH, Lee KS. Polymorphism of the IL-10 gene is associated with
susceptibility to herpes zoster in Korea. J Dermatol Sci. 2007 Mar;45(3):213-5.
doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.11.004. Epub 2007 Jan 3. No abstract available.
<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17204399" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Crosslin DR, Carrell DS, Burt A, Kim DS, Underwood JG, Hanna DS, Comstock BA,
Baldwin E, de Andrade M, Kullo IJ, Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H, Borthwick KM, McCarty
CA, Peissig PL, Doheny KF, Pugh E, Kho A, Pacheco J, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Verma
SS, Armstrong G, Stallings S, Denny JC, Carroll RJ, Crawford DC, Crane PK,
Mukherjee S, Bottinger E, Li R, Keating B, Mirel DB, Carlson CS, Harley JB,
Larson EB, Jarvik GP. Genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with
susceptibility to herpes zoster. Genes Immun. 2015 Jan-Feb;16(1):1-7. doi:
10.1038/gene.2014.51. Epub 2014 Oct 9. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25297839" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a> or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4308645/" target="TheNewWin">Free article on PubMed Central</a></li>
<li>Gagliardi AM, Andriolo BN, Torloni MR, Soares BG, de Oliveira Gomes J,
Andriolo RB, Canteiro Cruz E. Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older
adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 7;2019(11):CD008858. doi:
10.1002/14651858.CD008858.pub4. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31696946" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a> or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6836378/" target="TheNewWin">Free article on PubMed Central</a></li>
<li>Gatti A, Pica F, Boccia MT, De Antoni F, Sabato AF, Volpi A. No evidence of
family history as a risk factor for herpes zoster in patients with post-herpetic
neuralgia. J Med Virol. 2010 May;82(6):1007-11. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21748. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20419815" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Haanpaa M, Nurmikko T, Hurme M. Polymorphism of the IL-10 gene is associated
with susceptibility to herpes zoster. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002;34(2):112-4. doi:
10.1080/00365540110077218. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11928840" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Hernandez PO, Javed S, Mendoza N, Lapolla W, Hicks LD, Tyring SK. Family
history and herpes zoster risk in the era of shingles vaccination. J Clin Virol.
2011 Dec;52(4):344-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.08.014. Epub 2011 Sep 15. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21924676" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Kawai K, Yawn BP. Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster: A Systematic Review and
Meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Dec;92(12):1806-1821. doi:
10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.10.009. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29202939" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Meysman P, De Neuter N, Bartholomeus E, Elias G, Van den Bergh J, Emonds MP,
Haasnoot GW, Heynderickx S, Wens J, Michels NR, Lambert J, Lion E, Claas FHJ,
Goossens H, Smits E, Van Damme P, Van Tendeloo V, Beutels P, Suls A, Mortier G,
Laukens K, Ogunjimi B. Increased herpes zoster risk associated with poor HLA-A
immediate early 62 protein (IE62) affinity. Immunogenetics. 2018
Jun;70(6):363-372. doi: 10.1007/s00251-017-1047-x. Epub 2017 Dec 1. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29196796" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Meysman P, Ogunjimi B, Naulaerts S, Beutels P, Van Tendeloo V, Laukens K.
Varicella-zoster virus-derived major histocompatibility complex class
I-restricted peptide affinity is a determining factor in the HLA risk profile for
the development of postherpetic neuralgia. J Virol. 2015 Jan 15;89(2):962-9. doi:
10.1128/JVI.02500-14. Epub 2014 Oct 29. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25355886" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a> or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4300672/" target="TheNewWin">Free article on PubMed Central</a></li>
<li>Ogunjimi B, Zhang SY, Sorensen KB, Skipper KA, Carter-Timofte M, Kerner G,
Luecke S, Prabakaran T, Cai Y, Meester J, Bartholomeus E, Bolar NA, Vandeweyer G,
Claes C, Sillis Y, Lorenzo L, Fiorenza RA, Boucherit S, Dielman C, Heynderickx S,
Elias G, Kurotova A, Auwera AV, Verstraete L, Lagae L, Verhelst H, Jansen A,
Ramet J, Suls A, Smits E, Ceulemans B, Van Laer L, Plat Wilson G, Kreth J, Picard
C, Von Bernuth H, Fluss J, Chabrier S, Abel L, Mortier G, Fribourg S, Mikkelsen
JG, Casanova JL, Paludan SR, Mogensen TH. Inborn errors in RNA polymerase III
underlie severe varicella zoster virus infections. J Clin Invest. 2017 Sep
1;127(9):3543-3556. doi: 10.1172/JCI92280. Epub 2017 Aug 7. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28783042" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
<li>Siegel AM, Heimall J, Freeman AF, Hsu AP, Brittain E, Brenchley JM, Douek DC,
Fahle GH, Cohen JI, Holland SM, Milner JD. A critical role for STAT3
transcription factor signaling in the development and maintenance of human T cell
memory. Immunity. 2011 Nov 23;35(5):806-18. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.016. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22118528" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a> or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228524/" target="TheNewWin">Free article on PubMed Central</a></li>
<li>Toubiana J, Okada S, Hiller J, Oleastro M, Lagos Gomez M, Aldave Becerra JC,
Ouachee-Chardin M, Fouyssac F, Girisha KM, Etzioni A, Van Montfrans J, Camcioglu
Y, Kerns LA, Belohradsky B, Blanche S, Bousfiha A, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Meyts I,
Kisand K, Reichenbach J, Renner ED, Rosenzweig S, Grimbacher B, van de Veerdonk
FL, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Picard C, Marodi L, Morio T, Kobayashi M, Lilic D, Milner
JD, Holland S, Casanova JL, Puel A; International STAT1 Gain-of-Function Study
Group. Heterozygous STAT1 gain-of-function mutations underlie an unexpectedly
broad clinical phenotype. Blood. 2016 Jun 23;127(25):3154-64. doi:
10.1182/blood-2015-11-679902. Epub 2016 Apr 25. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27114460" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a> or <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920021/" target="TheNewWin">Free article on PubMed Central</a></li>
<li>Warren-Gash C, Forbes H, Breuer J. Varicella and herpes zoster vaccine
development: lessons learned. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Dec;16(12):1191-1201.
doi: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1394843. Epub 2017 Oct 30. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29047317" target="TheNewWin">Citation on PubMed</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<div class="side">
<aside>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="mp-img">
<img class="scale-with-grid" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/GeneticCounseling.jpg" alt="Genetic Counseling">
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header">
<h2>Related Health Topics</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body">
<ul class="relatedmp">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/geneticdisorders.html">Genetic Disorders</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/shingles.html">Shingles</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header red">
<h2>MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body" id="more_encyclopedia">
<ul class="relatedmp" style="list-style: none; padding: 0;">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001592.htm">Chickenpox</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002048.htm">Genetics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000555.htm">Postherpetic neuralgia - aftercare</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000858.htm">Shingles</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header">
<h2>Related Medical Tests</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body">
<ul class="relatedmp">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/chickenpox-and-shingles-tests/">Chickenpox and Shingles Tests</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header">
<h2>Understanding Genetics</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body">
<ul class="relatedmp">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/consult/prognosis/">What is the prognosis of a genetic condition?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/mutationscausedisease/">How can gene variants affect health and development?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/inheritance/runsinfamily/">What does it mean if a disorder seems to run in my family?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/inheritance/inheritancepatterns/">What are the different ways a genetic condition can be inherited?</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/consult/treatment/">How are genetic conditions treated or managed?</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></section>
<section><div class="side-section">
<div class="section-header hide-offscreen">
<h2>Disclaimers</h2>
</div>
<div class="section-body no-header">
MedlinePlus links to health information from the National Institutes of Health and other federal government agencies. MedlinePlus also links to health information from non-government Web sites. See our <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/disclaimers.html">disclaimer</a> about external links and our <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/criteria.html">quality guidelines</a>.
</div>
</div></section>
</aside>
</div>
<div class="bottom">
<section>
<!--
<div class="from-ghr">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/fromGHR.png" alt="From Genetics Home Reference" />
<p>Genetics Home Reference has merged with MedlinePlus. Genetics Home Reference content now can be found in the "Genetics" section of MedlinePlus. <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/general/genetics/newhome/">Learn more</a></p>
</div>
-->
<p>The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health.</p>
</section>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div id="citation-how-to">
<button><span>Learn how to cite this page</span></button>
</div>
</div>
<footer>
<div id="mplus-footer">
<div class="footer1">
<ul class="secondarynav">
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/">About MedlinePlus</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/whatsnew/">What's New</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li>
<li><a href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/knowledgebase/category/?id=CAT-01231&category=medlineplus&from=https%3A//medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/" target="_blank"><span>Customer Support</span></a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="follow-footer">
<li>
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/rss.html" class="follow-item">Subscribe to RSS<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/feed.png" class="social-media-toolkit-icon" alt="RSS" title="RSS"></a>
</li>
<li>
<span class="follow-label">Follow us</span>
<a href="https://twitter.com/medlineplus" class="follow-item" target="_blank">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_share_twitter.png" class="follow-icon" alt="X" title="X">
</a>
<a href="https://facebook.com/Mplus.gov/" class="follow-item" target="_blank">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_share_fb.png" class="follow-icon" alt="Facebook" title="Facebook">
</a>
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/mplusgov/" class="follow-item" target="_blank">
<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/Instagram_Glyph_Gradient_RGB.png" class="follow-icon" alt="Instagram" title="Instagram">
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/social-media-toolkit/" class="social-media-toolkit-item">Social Media Toolkit<img src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/i_social_media_toolkit.png" class="social-media-toolkit-icon" alt="Social Media Toolkit" title="Social Media Toolkit"></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer2">
<ul>
<li><a href=" https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" target='_blank'>NLM Web Policies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/using/usingcontent/" >Copyright</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/accessibility.html">Accessibility</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/using/criteria/">Guidelines for Links</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/plugins.html">Viewers & Players</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" target="_blank">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus-connect/">MedlinePlus Connect for EHRs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/about/developers/">For Developers</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="address">
<a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov" target="_blank">National Library of Medicine</a>
<span>8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894</span>
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov" target="_blank">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov" target="_blank">National Institutes of Health</a>
</div>
<div class="date">
<span id="lastupdate">Last updated January 1, 2018</span>
</div>
<div class="return-top"><a href="#top" title="Return to top"><img class="return-top-icon" alt="Return to top" src="https://medlineplus.gov/images/return-top.png"></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/jquery-3.6.0.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/mplus-frontend-controls-new.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/mplus-share.js?id=1112022" type="text/javascript"></script>
<!--[if lte IE 9]><script src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/jslib/jquery.placeholder.js" type="text/javascript"></script><![endif]-->
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/jslib/control.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="https://medlineplus.gov/uswds/js/uswds.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</body>
</html>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink