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</div><div><span>Lymphatic obstruction</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Lymphatic obstruction</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Lymphatic obstruction is a blockage of the <a test="test" href="./002247.htm">lymph vessels</a> that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body and allow immune cells to travel where they are needed. Lymphatic obstruction may cause lymphedema, which means swelling due to a blockage of the lymph passages.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The most common reason for lymphatic obstruction is the removal or enlargement of the lymph nodes.</p><p>Other causes of lymphatic obstruction include:</p><ul><li>Infections with parasites, such as filariasis</li><li>Injury</li><li><a test="test" href="./001918.htm">Radiation therapy</a></li><li>Skin infections, such as <a test="test" href="./000855.htm">cellulitis</a> (more common in obese people)</li><li>Surgery</li><li><a test="test" href="./001310.htm">Tumors</a></li></ul><p>A common cause of lymphedema is removal of the breast (<a test="test" href="./002919.htm">mastectomy</a>) and underarm lymph tissue for breast cancer treatment. This causes lymphedema of the arm in some people, because the lymphatic drainage of the arm passes through the armpit (axilla).</p><p>Rare forms of lymphedema that are present from birth (congenital) may result from problems in the development of the lymphatic vessels.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>The main symptom is persistent (chronic) swelling, usually of the arm or leg.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. This will include questions about how much the swelling improves with elevation and how firm the tissues are.</p><p>The following tests may be done:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003330.htm">CT</a> or <a test="test" href="./003335.htm">MRI</a> scan</li><li>Imaging tests to check the lymph nodes and lymph drainage (<a test="test" href="./003798.htm">lymphangiography</a> and lymphoscintigraphy)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment for lymphedema includes:</p><ul><li>Compression (usually with wrapping in bandages or stockings)</li><li>Manual lymph drainage (MLD)</li><li>Range of motion or resistance exercises </li></ul><p>Manual lymph drainage is a light massage therapy technique. During massage, the skin is moved in certain directions based on the structure of the lymphatic system. This helps the lymph fluid drain through the proper channels.</p><p>Treatment also includes skin care to prevent injuries, infection, and skin breakdown. Light exercise and movement programs may also be prescribed. Wearing compression garments on the affected area or using a pneumatic compression pump may be helpful. Your provider and physical therapist will decide which compression methods are best.</p><p>Surgery is used in some cases, but it has limited success. The surgeon must have a lot of experience with this type of procedure. You will still need physical therapy after surgery to reduce lymphedema.</p><p>Types of surgery include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./002985.htm">Liposuction</a></li><li>Removal of abnormal lymphatic tissue</li><li>Transplant of normal lymphatic tissues to areas with abnormal lymphatic drainage (rarely done) </li></ul><p>In rare cases, surgery to bypass abnormal lymph tissue using vein grafts is done. These procedures are most effective for early lymphedema and should be performed by an experienced surgeon.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Lymphedema is a <a test="test" href="./002312.htm">chronic</a> condition that usually requires lifelong management. In some cases, lymphedema improves with time. Some swelling is usually permanent.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>In addition to swelling, the most common complications include:</p><ul><li>Chronic wounds and <a test="test" href="./003228.htm">ulcers</a></li><li>Skin breakdown</li><li>Cancer of the lymph tissue (rare) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>See your provider if you have swelling of your arms, legs, or lymph nodes that does not respond to treatment or go away.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Most surgeons now use a technique called sentinel lymph node sampling to reduce your risk for lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. However, this technique is not always appropriate or effective.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Lymphedema</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1104t.jpg" alt="Lymphatic system" title="Lymphatic system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1104.htm">Lymphatic system</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/2014t.jpg" alt="Yellow nail syndrome" title="Yellow nail syndrome" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/2014.htm">Yellow nail syndrome</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Jackson KA, Feldman JL, Armer JM. Lymphedema risk reduction and management. In: Cheng MH, Chang DW, Patel KM, eds. <em>Principles and Practice of Lymphedema Surgery</em>. 2nd ed. St Louis, MA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 10.</p><p>Rockson SG. Lymphedema: evaluation and decision making. In: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, eds. <em>Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 167.</p></div></div></section>
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