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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Drug-induced hypertension is <a test="test" href="./000468.htm">high blood pressure</a> caused by a chemical substance or medicine.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Blood pressure is determined by the:</p><ul><li>Amount of blood the heart pumps</li><li>Condition of the heart valves</li><li>Pulse rate</li><li>Pumping power of the heart</li><li>Size and condition of the arteries </li></ul><p>There are several types of <a test="test" href="./000468.htm">high blood pressure</a>:</p><ul><li>Essential hypertension has no cause that can be found (many different genetic traits contribute to essential hypertension, each one having a relatively small effect).</li><li>Secondary hypertension occurs because of another disorder.</li><li>Drug-induced hypertension is a form of secondary hypertension caused by a response to a chemical substance or medicine.</li><li>Pregnancy-induced hypertension.</li></ul><p>Chemical substances and medicines that can cause high blood pressure include:</p><ul><li>Acetaminophen</li><li>Alcohol, amphetamines, ecstasy (MDMA and derivatives), and cocaine</li><li>Angiogenesis inhibitors (including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies)</li><li>Antidepressants (including venlafaxine, bupropion, and desipramine)</li><li>Black licorice</li><li>Caffeine (including the caffeine in coffee and energy drinks)</li><li>Corticosteroids and mineralocorticoids</li><li>Ephedra and many other herbal products</li><li>Erythropoietin</li><li>Estrogens (including birth control pills)</li><li>Immunosuppressants (such as cyclosporine)</li><li>Many over-the-counter medicines such as cough/cold and <a test="test" href="./000141.htm">asthma</a> medicines, particularly when the cough/cold medicine is taken with certain antidepressants, such as tranylcypromine or tricyclics</li><li>Migraine medicines</li><li>Nasal decongestants</li><li>Nicotine</li><li>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)</li><li>Phentermine (a weight loss medicine)</li><li>Testosterone and other anabolic steroids and performance-enhancing drugs</li><li>Thyroid hormone (when taken in excess)</li><li>Yohimbine (and Yohimbe extract)</li></ul><img title="Drug induced hypertension" alt="Drug induced hypertension" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18137.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/><p>Rebound hypertension occurs when blood pressure rises after you stop taking or lower the dose of a drug (typically a medicine to lower high blood pressure).</p><ul><li>This is common for medicines that block the sympathetic nervous system like beta blockers and clonidine.</li><li>Talk to your health care provider to see if your medicine needs to be gradually tapered before stopping.</li></ul><p>Many other factors can also affect blood pressure, including:</p><ul><li>Age</li><li>Condition of the kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels</li><li>Genetics</li><li>Foods eaten, weight, and other body-related variables, including the amount of added sodium in processed foods</li><li>Levels of various hormones in the body</li><li>Volume of water in the body </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Hypertension - medication related; Drug-induced hypertension</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/18137t.jpg" alt="Drug induced hypertension" title="Drug induced hypertension" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/18137.htm">Drug induced hypertension</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/18166t.jpg" alt="Untreated hypertension" title="Untreated hypertension" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/18166.htm">Untreated hypertension</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9699t.jpg" alt="Hypertension" title="Hypertension" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9699.htm">Hypertension</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Bobrie G, Amar L, Faucon A-L, Madjalian A-M, Azizi M. Resistant hypertension. In: Bakris GL, Sorrentino MJ, eds. <em>Hypertension: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease</em>. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 43.</p><p>Charles L, Triscott J, Dobbs B. Secondary hypertension: discovering the underlying cause. <em>Am Fam Physician</em>. 2017;96(7):453-461. PMID: 29094913 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29094913/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29094913/</a>.</p><p>Grossman A, Messerli FH, Grossman E. Drug induced hypertension--an unappreciated cause of secondary hypertension. <em>Eur J Pharmacol</em>. 2015;763(Pt A):15-22. PMID: 26096556 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26096556/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26096556/</a>.</p><p>Jurca SJ, Elliott WJ. Common substances that may contribute to resistant hypertension, and recommendations for limiting their clinical effects. <em>Curr Hypertens Rep</em>. 2016;18(10):73. PMID: 27671491 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27671491/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27671491/</a>.</p><p>Peixoto AJ. Secondary hypertension. In: Gilbert SJ, Weiner DE, Bomback AS, eds. <em>National Kidney Foundation Primer on Kidney Diseases</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 65.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/3/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Sandeep K. Dhaliwal, MD, board-certified in Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Springfield, VA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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