nih-gov/magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-we-remember-may-come-down-to-unique-firing-patterns-in-our-brains/index.html
2025-02-26 13:17:41 -05:00

715 lines
34 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!doctype html>
<html dir="ltr" lang="en">
<head>
<!-- meta data -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1">
<link rel='canonical' href='https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-we-remember-may-come-down-to-unique-firing-patterns-in-our-brains'>
<title>How we remember may come down to unique firing patterns in our brains | NIH MedlinePlus Magazine</title>
<meta property="og:site_name" content="NIH MedlinePlus Magazine">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@medlineplus">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@medlineplus">
<meta name='description' content='Study uses word pairings to understand how memories work in our brains.'>
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
<meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="es_ES">
<meta property="og:description" content="Study uses word pairings to understand how memories work in our brains.">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Study uses word pairings to understand how memories work in our brains.">
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="240215103329416">
<!-- generated by seo_lite template -->
<meta name="twitter:title" content="How we remember may come down to unique firing patterns in our brains | NIH MedlinePlus Magazine">
<meta property="og:title" content="How we remember may come down to unique firing patterns in our brains | NIH MedlinePlus Magazine">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov//images/uploads/main_images/memories-brain-activity.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov//images/uploads/main_images/memories-brain-activity.jpg">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-we-remember-may-come-down-to-unique-firing-patterns-in-our-brains">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/article/how-we-remember-may-come-down-to-unique-firing-patterns-in-our-brains/">
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/como-recordamos-podria-deberse-a-patrones-de-activacion-unicos-en-el-cerebro/">
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="1vqBPMloWNSvBFlS5qlOUjpWHxdv1TfmfFrH-tfYpcs" />
<!-- styles -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/images/design/favicon.ico">
<link href="/css/font-awesome.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all">
<link href="/css/uswds.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all">
<!-- link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/?css=custom/styles-2020.v.1632316900" / -->
<link href="/css/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all">
<link href="/css/slick.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="/css/responsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all">
<!-- fluid styles -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/?css=custom/fluid-styles.v.1702498498" />
<!-- google tag manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MMVM77');</script>
</head>
<body>
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MMVM77" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="googletagmanager"></iframe></noscript>
<a class="usa-skipnav" href="#main-content">Skip to main content</a>
<!-- Wrapper -->
<div class="wrapper">
<div id="top"></div>
<!-- Container -->
<header role="banner">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<div class="usa-header-top">
<div class="usa-grid">
<div class="usa-width-one-half top_logo">
<div class="usa-top-logo ">
<img src="/themes/ee/site/default/asset/img/common/nlm-logo-new.svg" alt="National Library of Medicine">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--<div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner">
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half">
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/images/design/icon-dot-gov-white.svg" alt="Dot gov">
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
The .gov means its official.<br>Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half">
<img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="/images/design/icon-https-white.svg" alt="Https">
<div class="usa-media_block-body">
<p>
The site is secure.<br> The <em>https://</em> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>-->
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-grid usa-logo-grid">
<div class="nih-logo">
<img src="/images/design/nih-mobile.svg" alt="NIH logo">
</div>
<div class="usa-width-two-thirds">
<div class="usa-logo">
<a href="/"><img src="/images/design/medlineplus-logo2.png" alt="Medlineplus"></a>
</div>
<div class="tagline">
<p>Trusted Health Information from the National Institutes of Health</p>
</div>
<button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
</div>
<div class="usa-width-one-third">
<div class="lang-mobile">
<a href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/como-recordamos-podria-deberse-a-patrones-de-activacion-unicos-en-el-cerebro/">Español</a>
</div>
<div class="usa-social">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/artículo/como-recordamos-podria-deberse-a-patrones-de-activacion-unicos-en-el-cerebro/">Español</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/home/nih-medlineplus-magazine.feed"><i class="fa fa-rss-square" aria-hidden="true"></i>rss</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square" aria-hidden="true"></i>facebook</a></li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" target="_blank"><img src=/images/uploads/multimedia/twitter.svg class="twit" alt="Twitter"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH"><i class="fa fa-youtube-square" aria-hidden="true"></i>youtube</a></li>
<li><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNLMOCPL/subscriber/new?preferences=true"><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="usa-search-box">
<form class="usa-search usa-search-small" id="search_form" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get" data-publisher-ignored="yes">
<input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input type="hidden" name="affiliate" id="affiliate" value="mlp-mag" />
<div role="search">
<label for="basic-search-field-small">Search</label>
<input id="basic-search-field-small" type="search" class="search-form usagov-search-autocomplete" placeholder="Search..." name="query" autocomplete="off" >
<button type="submit" name="commit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i>Search</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-navbar-section" role="navigation">
<!-- navbar -->
<div class="usa-grid">
<nav role="navigation" class="usa-nav">
<div class="usa-nav-inner">
<button class="usa-nav-close">
<img src="/images/design/close.svg" alt="close">
</button>
<ul class="usa-nav-primary usa-accordion">
<li>
<button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-one">
<span>Health A-Z</span>
</button>
<ul id="extended-nav-section-one" class="usa-nav-submenu" aria-hidden="true">
<li>
<a href="/topic/anxiety/">Anxiety</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topic/antidepressants/">Antidepressants</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topic/breast-cancer/">Breast Cancer</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topic/cholesterol/">Cholesterol</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topic/COVID-19/">COVID-19</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topic/hypothyroidism/">Hypothyroidism</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topic/palliative-care/">Palliative Care</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topic/physical-activity/">Physical Activity</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topic/skin-conditions/">Skin Conditions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/topics/"><strong>View all topics</strong></a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-two">
<span>NIH Research</span>
</button>
<ul id="extended-nav-section-two" class="usa-nav-submenu" aria-hidden="true">
<li>
<a href="/research-highlights/">Research Highlights</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nih-technology-breakthroughs/">NIH Technology Breakthroughs</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/meet-the-researcher/">Meet the Researchers</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/nih-resources/">Resources at NIH</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-three">
<span>Issues</span>
</button>
<ul id="extended-nav-section-three" class="usa-nav-submenu" aria-hidden="true">
<li>
<a href="/issues/current">Current Issue</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/issues/past-issues/">Past Issues</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/issues/issue-archive">Archived Issues</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-five">
<span>Multimedia</span>
</button>
<ul id="extended-nav-section-five" class="usa-nav-submenu" aria-hidden="true">
<li>
<a href="/multimedia/video/">Video</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/multimedia/infographics/">Infographics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/multimedia/health-fast-facts/">Health Fast Facts</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/multimedia/landing/">All Multimedia</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-six">
<span>About</span>
</button>
<ul id="extended-nav-section-six" class="usa-nav-submenu" aria-hidden="true">
<li>
<a href="/about/the-magazine-team">Contact us</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<button class="usa-accordion-button usa-nav-link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-four">
<span>Subscribe</span>
</button>
<ul id="extended-nav-section-four" class="usa-nav-submenu" aria-hidden="true">
<li>
<a href="/subscribe/">Email Updates</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="usa-search-box">
<form class="usa-search usa-search-small" id="search_form_mobile" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get" data-publisher-ignored="yes">
<input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input type="hidden" name="affiliate" id="affiliate-mobile" value="mlp-mag" />
<div role="search">
<label for="basic-search-field-small-mobile">Search</label>
<input id="basic-search-field-small-mobile" type="search" class="search-form" placeholder="Search..." name="query" autocomplete="off" >
<button type="submit" name="commit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i>Search</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<main>
<!--banner-->
<section class="usa-grid usa-section article_section" role="main" aria-labelledby="main" id="main-content">
<a href="/topic/memory/" class="article_btn">Memory</a>
<div class="inner_heading">
<h1 id="main">How we remember may come down to unique firing patterns in our brains</h1>
<!-- article/how-we-remember-may-come-down-to-unique-firing-patterns-in-our-brains how-we-remember-may-come-down-to-unique-firing-patterns-in-our-brains -->
</div>
<h2 class="lead_text">Findings could help in future dementia and other memory loss research</h2>
<div class="inner_article_img article_banner_img">
<img src="/images/uploads/main_images/memories-brain-activity.jpg" alt="Unique "firing" patterns that happen when we try to remember can help researchers better understand disorders like Alzheimer's disease. ">
<div class="article_caption" aria-hidden="true">
<p><i class="fa fa-camera"></i> Unique "firing" patterns that happen when we try to remember can help researchers better understand disorders like Alzheimer's disease. </p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="usa-grid article_section" role="region" aria-labelledby="article">
<article id="article">
<div class="usa-width-two-thirds inner-article_content inner_article_content" id="feature">
<p class="lead_text">Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, the nation&#39;s largest research hospital, have discovered more clues about how our brains store and recall memories.</p>
<p>The researchers wanted to better understand memories of our past experiences, called episodic memories. To do this, they worked with epilepsy patients whose brain activity was already being tracked for other research. Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes seizures, including convulsions, muscle spasms, and even a loss of consciousness.&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&quot;Just as musical notes are recorded as grooves on a record, it appears that our brains store memories in neural firing patterns that can be replayed over and over again.&quot;</p>
<p><span>- Kareem Zaghloul, M.D., Ph.D.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p>To see how our brains make and find memories, the study researchers tracked participant brain activity when recalling specific pairs of words. They gave participants memory tests while tracking the electrical activity of thousands of individual neurons, the cells that carry information back and forth in our brains. &nbsp;</p>
<p>Findings revealed that there are distinct &quot;firing&quot; patterns that happen when we try to remember. Researchers said these unique patterns could help better understand how our brains stop working properly in various memory and thinking disorders, like dementia and Alzheimer&#39;s.</p>
<p>As part of the study, participants sat in front of a screen and were asked to learn unrelated word pairs such as &quot;cake&quot; and &quot;fox.&quot; The researchers saw that a unique firing pattern happened when learning the word pair. Later, participants were shown one of the words, such as &quot;cake,&quot; and asked to recall the paired word, &quot;fox.&quot; A similar firing pattern replayed in their brains just milliseconds before they correctly recalled the paired word.</p>
<p>&quot;Just as musical notes are recorded as grooves on a record, it appears that our brains store memories in neural firing patterns that can be replayed over and over again,&quot; said NIH&#39;s Kareem Zaghloul, M.D., Ph.D., the lead researcher of the study.</p>
<p>A <a class="usa-external_link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ts5iWMk6wC4&amp;feature=emb_title" target="_blank">video from the study</a>, which shows the patterns in action,&nbsp;is available on&nbsp;the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke&nbsp;YouTube channel.</p>
<div class="article-meta">
<p><strong>Sources: </strong>National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute of General Medical Sciences&nbsp;</p>
<div class="mt-1 mb-2"><strong>Image credit:</strong> Zaghloul Lab, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke </div>
<p><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> December 24, 2020</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<div class="usa-width-one-third aside_content" id="complementary" role="complementary" aria-labelledby="complementary">
<aside>
<div class="usa-grid find_section padding-0">
<div class="heading">
<h3 id="sidebar">Find Out More</h3>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html" target="_blank">MedlinePlus: Memory</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/scientists-monitored-brains-replaying-memories-real-time" target="_blank">NIH News Releases: Scientists monitored brains replaying memories in real time</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ts5iWMk6wC4&amp;feature=emb_title" target="_blank">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke YouTube Channel: Scientists monitor people&#39;s brains replaying memories in<br />
real time</a></li>
<li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=Memory+Disorders&amp;term=&amp;cntry=&amp;state=&amp;city=&amp;dist=" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov: Memory Disorders</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="usa-grid inner_article_img padding-0">
<aside role="complementary" aria-label="Quality Alcohol Treatment">
<figure class="nih-caption">
<img src="/images/uploads/ad_images/23772_NIAAA_NLM_302x384_ad_v04.png" alt="Quality Alcohol Treatment ">
<figcaption class="nih-caption-text"><p>Looking for quality alcohol treatment?</p>
<div><a class="usa-external_link-alt" href="https://alcoholtreatment.niaaa.nih.gov/?utm_source=MedlinePlusMag&amp;utm_medium=banner&amp;utm_campaign=niaaa_navigator" target="_blank">Learn more at: AlcoholTreatment.niaaa.nih.gov </a></div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</aside>
</div>
<div class="usa-grid health_fast_fact padding-0">
<div class="heading">
<h3>Health Fast Facts </h3>
</div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="ff-20-purple">1/3 <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-users">&nbsp;</i></span></p>
<p>About one-third of all people aged 85 and older <strong><span class="ff-purple">may have Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease</span></strong>.</p>
<small><strong>Source:</strong> National Institute on Aging</small>
</div>
<div class="usa-grid explore_section padding-0">
<div class="heading">
<h3>Explore More on MedlinePlus.gov</h3>
</div>
<div class="explore_link"><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/memory.html" class="usa-external_link" target="_blank">Memory</a><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html" class="usa-external_link" target="_blank">Alzheimer&#8217;s Disease</a></div><div class="explore_link"><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/dementia.html" class="usa-external_link" target="_blank">Dementia</a> </div>
<a href="/topics/" class="load_btn usa-external_link" target="_blank">More health topics on MedlinePlus.gov »</a>
</div>
</aside>
</div>
</section>
</main>
<!-- Segment 1: article -->
<!-- Related Articles : -->
<!-- Related Articles from entry : 3147 : 2901|235|2701 -->
<section class="usa-grid usa-section" role="region" aria-labelledby="related-articles">
<div class="heading">
<h3 id="related-articles">You May Also Like</h3>
</div>
<div class="usa-width-one-third">
<div class="feature_box">
<a href="/article/brain-ripples-could-hold-clues-to-memory/">
<div class="feature_img">
<img src="/images/uploads/main_images/_main_article_list/remembering-su19.jpg" class="feature_img" alt=" ">
<span class="feature_tag">
Memory</span>
</div>
<h4>Brain ripples could hold clues to memory</h4>
<p>You&#39;re trying to remember a word. You&#39;re thinking, thinking &hellip; and suddenly, it pops into your head. NIH...</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-width-one-third">
<div class="feature_box">
<a href="/article/how-singing-affects-our-brain/">
<div class="feature_img">
<img src="/images/uploads/main_images/_main_article_list/howsingingaffectsbrain-f18.jpg" class="feature_img" alt="National Institute of Mental Health researcher David Jangraw, Ph.D. (left), reviews brain scans with Renée Fleming at NIH. ">
<span class="feature_tag">
Sound Health</span>
</div>
<h4>How singing affects our brain</h4>
<p>In 2017, soprano Ren&eacute;e Fleming took part in a remarkable experiment as part of NIH&rsquo;s Sound Health initiative.&nbsp;She went through...</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-width-one-third">
<div class="feature_box">
<a href="/article/alzheimers-and-dementia-what-you-need-to-know/">
<div class="feature_img">
<img src="/images/uploads/main_images/_main_article_list/alzheimnersdimentiaoverview-su17.jpg" class="feature_img" alt=" ">
<span class="feature_tag">
Dementia</span>
</div>
<h4>Alzheimers and dementia: What you need to know</h4>
<p>Dementia and Alzheimer&#39;s disease are conditions that can affect people as they get older. If you&#39;re wondering about...</p>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- <section class="inbox_section" role="region" aria-labelledby="subscribe">
<div class="usa-grid" id="subscribe">
<h2>Trusted health information delivered to your inbox</h2>
<form id="GD-snippet-form" action=
"https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNLMMP/subscribers/qualify" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" data-publisher-ignored="yes" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="yZ0SpTi1i9jOE2hqCnIK4EjbIKRWglj/Ltq7aX3F3KkWcqkCFRAIpzz0areoLIpVXiD7vKKJdHug07v6QWruaQ==" />
<p>Enter your email below</p>
<label for="signup">Sign</label>
<input id="signup" type="email" class="input_form" placeholder="Enter email address here ..." required>
<button type="submit" class="submit_btn">Sign up</button>
</form>
</div>
</section> -->
<footer role="contentinfo">
<div class="footer_top">
<div class="usa-grid">
<div class="usa-width-one-fourth footer_bottom_right">
<div class="" aria-label="Social Links">
<p class="font-white mt-1 mb--1"><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html"> Connect with NLM</a></p>
<ul>
<!--<li><a href="/home/nih-medlineplus-magazine" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-rss-square" aria-hidden="true"></i>rss</a></li> -->
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" target="_blank"><img src=/images/uploads/multimedia/facebook.svg alt="Facebook"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-library-of-medicine-nlm/" target="_blank"><img src=/images/uploads/multimedia/linkedin.svg alt="LinkedIn"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" target="_blank"><img src=/images/uploads/multimedia/twitter.svg alt="Twitter"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" target="_blank"><img src=/images/uploads/multimedia/youtube.svg alt="YouTube"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNLMOCPL/subscriber/new?preferences=true" target="_blank"><img src=/images/uploads/multimedia/mail.svg alt="email"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-width-one-fourth mt-1">
<p class="font-white">National Library of Medicine
<br>8600 Rockville Pike
<br> Bethesda, MD 20894
</p>
</div>
<div class="footer_top_middle" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer Menu">
<ul class="usa-width-one-fourth footer_list mt-1">
<li><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white"> Web Policies </a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="" target="_blank">FOIA</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="" target="_blank" id="anch_87">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="usa-width-one-fourth mt-1">
<li><a href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/" class="" target="_blank">NLM Support Center</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="" target="_blank">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/jobopenings.html" class="" target="_blank">Careers</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer_bottom">
<div class="usa-grid">
<div class="footer_bottom_left" role="navigation" aria-label="Footer External Links">
<p class="text-center text-white"> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="#top" class="scroll-btn scroll fa fa-angle-up"><i>Go to top</i></a>
</footer>
</div>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.slim.min.js" integrity="sha256-u7e5khyithlIdTpu22PHhENmPcRdFiHRjhAuHcs05RI=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha256-3edrmyuQ0w65f8gfBsqowzjJe2iM6n0nKciPUp8y+7E=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script -->
<script src="/js/uswds.min.js"></script>
<!-- script src="/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script -->
<!-- script src="/js/jquery.easing.1.3.js"></script -->
<script src="/js/slick.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/jquery.easing.1.4.min.js"></script>
<script src="/js/custom.js?t=1740554575"></script>
<script>
//<![CDATA[
var usasearch_config = {siteHandle:"mlp-mag"};
var script = document.createElement("script");
script.type = "text/javascript";
script.src = "//search.usa.gov/javascripts/remote.loader.js";
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);
//]]>
</script>
<script src="https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-55ca7aa7a7dcbf94"></script>
<script src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/coop_all.js"></script>
<script>
var createCookie = function(name, value, days) {
if (days) {
var date = new Date();AC
date.setTime(date.getTime() + (days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
var expires = '; expires=' + date.toGMTString();
}
else var expires = '';
document.cookie = name + '=' + value + expires + '; path=/';
};
var readCookie = function(name) {
var nameEQ = name + '=';
var ca = document.cookie.split(';');
for (var i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) {
var c = ca[i];
while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') c = c.substring(1, c.length);
if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length, c.length);
}
return null;
};
var eraseCookie = function(name) {
createCookie(name, '', -1);
};
function coopcookie() {
$(".insertcoop").hide();
createCookie("coop", "hidden");
};
if (!readCookie("coop"))
{
if (coopMedlinePlusMagazineSpa && window.location.href.includes("medlineplus.gov/es/"))
{
$( "header" ).append( $(coopMedlinePlusMagazineSpa) );
}
else
{
if (coopMedlinePlusMagazineEng)
{
$( "header" ).append( $(coopMedlinePlusMagazineEng) );
}
}
}
if (readCookie("coop"))
{$(".insertcoop").hide();}
else
{$(".insertcoop").show();}
</script>
</body>
</html>