1 line
No EOL
15 KiB
Text
1 line
No EOL
15 KiB
Text
{"id":8339,"date":"2016-01-08T11:00:09","date_gmt":"2016-01-08T16:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=8339"},"modified":"2016-06-16T16:35:21","modified_gmt":"2016-06-16T20:35:21","slug":"the-english-disease-the-health-education-film-as-nazi-propaganda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/01\/08\/the-english-disease-the-health-education-film-as-nazi-propaganda\/","title":{"rendered":"The English Disease: The Health Education Film as Nazi Propaganda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Michael Sappol<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Deformed unfortunates trudge back and forth, in a darkly-lit procession, over a map of Great Britain as the soundtrack sounds anxious notes of alarm. That extravagantly horrific scene introduces the <em><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/100965356\">Die englische Krankheit<\/a> <\/em>(<em>The English Disease<\/em>), a 13-minute black-and-white health education film, produced during wartime, under the supervision of Nazi authorities, by Universum Film AG (\u201cUFA\u201d), the largest German film studio of the time. After a censorship board approved it as suitable for adults and children, it premiered in Berlin in April of 1941.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Die englische Krankheit (Third Reich and UFA, 1941)\" width=\"840\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3P6QYqxdXm0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Made under conditions of mass mobilization\u2014at a time when Great Britain and the Third Reich were battling fiercely over the skies of England and Germany and at sea in the Mediterranean\u2014<em>Die englische Krankheit <\/em>is an odd specimen, an eccentric example of the wayward features that sometimes accrued to instructional and health education films in the Nazi period. With its peculiar, almost grafted-on, opening\u2014strident Nazi propaganda pumped up with gloomy lighting, disturbing music, and a scene of grotesque deformity\u2014for a few moments, but only a few, <em>Die englische Krankheit<\/em> looks like it will dwell in the tonal register of the UFA and Universal Pictures scary horror films that were so popular in the 1920s and 30s. (Great Britain, the enemy, as the site and spreader of monstrous disfigurement).<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2016\\\/01\\\/08\\\/the-english-disease-the-health-education-film-as-nazi-propaganda\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 403px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"403\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 303px; height: 403px;\" data-original-width=\"303\" data-original-height=\"403\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/01\/08\/the-english-disease-the-health-education-film-as-nazi-propaganda\/fig-5\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"299\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"172\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"8342\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-5.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1403,807\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"Link,Leonhard","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1425295495","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"X-Rays\" data-image-description=\"<p>A still from Die englische Krankheit<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-5.jpg?fit=300%2C173&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-5.jpg?fit=840%2C483&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-5.jpg?w=299&h=172&ssl=1\" width=\"299\" height=\"172\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"299\" data-original-height=\"172\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"X-Rays\" alt=\"A scene in the film shows a pair of x-rays to compare two arms, one normal and robust, the other frail with rickets.\" style=\"width: 299px; height: 172px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> X-rays comparing two arms. <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/01\/08\/the-english-disease-the-health-education-film-as-nazi-propaganda\/fig-7\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"299\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"223\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"8343\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-7.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1222,914\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"Link,Leonhard","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1425296262","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Animation\" data-image-description=\"<p>A still from Die englische Krankheit<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-7.jpg?fit=300%2C224&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-7.jpg?fit=840%2C628&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-7.jpg?w=299&h=223&ssl=1\" width=\"299\" height=\"223\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"299\" data-original-height=\"223\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Animation\" alt=\"Superimposed outlines of a normal and rickettsial pelvis showing that the normal one has a significantly wider birth canal\" style=\"width: 299px; height: 223px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> An animation Superimposes silhouettes of a normal and rickettsial pelvis. <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 537px; height: 403px;\" data-original-width=\"537\" data-original-height=\"403\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/01\/08\/the-english-disease-the-health-education-film-as-nazi-propaganda\/fig-8\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"533\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"399\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"8344\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-8.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1221,914\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"Link,Leonhard","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1425296304","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"\u201cLight, air, and sun!\u201d\" data-image-description=\"<p>A still from Die englische Krankheit<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-8.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-8.jpg?fit=840%2C629&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/fig-8.jpg?w=533&h=399&ssl=1\" width=\"533\" height=\"399\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"533\" data-original-height=\"399\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"\u201cLight, air, and sun!\u201d\" alt=\"an ariel view of children playing circle games on a lawn.\" style=\"width: 533px; height: 399px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> \u201cLight, air, and sun!\u201d <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>But then it settles down to do the work that health films typically do: show the treatment and prevention of disease.\u00a0In the case of <em>Die englische Krankheit<\/em> that means shifting from horror to animated scientific diagrams, x-ray images and sunny scenes of children playing outdoors: the \u201cEnglish Disease\u201d was rickets, a disease that could be easily prevented by a regular diet of nutritious food, vitamin D supplements, and plentiful exposure to sun.<\/p>\n<p><em>Die englische Krankheit <\/em>can be seen on NLM\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/collections\/films\/medicalmoviesontheweb\/dieenglischekrankheit.html\">Medical Movies on the Web<\/a>, along with an essay by film scholar, Anja Lauk\u00f6tter (Max Planck Institute, Berlin). Leonhard Link supplied the German and English subtitles.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/mike-in-chicago_final.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"548\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2013\/07\/01\/a-relic-of-gettysburg-and-cycloramas-past\/mike-in-chicago_final\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/mike-in-chicago_final.jpg?fit=446%2C600&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"446,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"2.8","credit":"","camera":"Canon PowerShot A430","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1188062475","copyright":"","focal_length":"5.4","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0.016666666666667","title":""}\" data-image-title=\"Michel Sappol\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/mike-in-chicago_final.jpg?fit=223%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/mike-in-chicago_final.jpg?fit=446%2C600&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-548\" title=\"Michael Sappol\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/mike-in-chicago_final.jpg?resize=78%2C105\" alt=\"profile portrait of Michael Sappol in Chicago\" width=\"78\" height=\"105\" \/><\/a>Michael Sappol is a historian in the History of Medicine Division of the National Library of Medicine. <\/em><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Michael Sappol Deformed unfortunates trudge back and forth, in a darkly-lit procession, over a map of Great Britain as<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":8346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"The English Disease: The Health Education Film as Nazi Propaganda - #historicalfilm","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,1359464,103],"tags":[273907,524,3550,671616459,28006,1313754,62291],"class_list":["post-8339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-films-videos","category-news","tag-1900s","tag-film","tag-germany","tag-medicine-on-screen","tag-public-health","tag-rickets","tag-world-war-ii"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/the-english-disease-feature.png?fit=932%2C360&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-2av","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8339"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8352,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8339\/revisions\/8352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |