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{"id":7946,"date":"2015-10-30T11:00:39","date_gmt":"2015-10-30T15:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=7946"},"modified":"2023-11-02T10:00:10","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T14:00:10","slug":"a-portal-of-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2015\/10\/30\/a-portal-of-death\/","title":{"rendered":"A Portal of Death"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Elizabeth Mullen ~<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7948\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7948\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/dc_genga_frontispiece.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"7948\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2015\/10\/30\/a-portal-of-death\/dc_genga_frontispiece\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/dc_genga_frontispiece.png?fit=874%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"874,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"DC_Genga_frontispiece\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Frontispiece from Bernardino Genga’s Anatomia per uso et intelligenza…, 1691<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #2353013R<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/dc_genga_frontispiece.png?fit=219%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/dc_genga_frontispiece.png?fit=746%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-7948 size-large\" title=\"Frontispiece with Skeletons\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/dc_genga_frontispiece.png?resize=650%2C892&ssl=1\" alt=\"Three skeletons surround and draw back a cover from a circular portal full of bodies and skeletons.\" width=\"650\" height=\"892\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7948\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frontispiece from Bernardino Genga’s <em>Anatomia per uso et intelligenza del disengno…<\/em>, 1691<br \/><em><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2353013R\">National Library of Medicine #2353013R<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Are you ready to walk and talk with the skeletons? It’s Halloween again. As the nights get longer and leaves turn and fall, many will spend a dark evening communing with spooks, specters and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/NLMHistory\/skeletons-from-the-shelves\/\">skeletons<\/a> and pondering frightening images of death.<\/p>\n<p>The ‘portal of death’ above is the Frontispiece from Bernardino Genga’s beautiful <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2353013R\"><em>Anatomia per uso et intelligenza del disengno…<\/em><\/a>, 1691.\u00a0 In this period, title pages and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/dreamanatomy\/da_visible_dissect.html\">frontispieces<\/a> were artistic and allegorical representations of the science and art of anatomy and its association with death. They typically featured skeletons, cadavers, famous physicians or mythical figures, placed in anatomical theaters, landscapes, or classical architecture and were often heavy with symbolism. By the mid-1700s anatomists began to drop this type of fantastical frontispiece in scientific books, but they continued on in art anatomies, such as this, and books intended for general consumption.<\/p>\n<p>Bernardino Genga was born in Mondolfo in the Duchy of Urbino in 1620 and died in 1690 in Rome, where he practiced surgery in the Hospital of Santo Spirito in Sassia. He was a scholar of Classical medical texts, editing several works of Hippocrates. He also had a great interest in the preparation of anatomical specimens as well as the anatomy of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. These interests led to his work at the Accademia di Francia delle Belle Arti in Rome, where he taught anatomy to artists. <em>Anatomia per uso et intelligenza del disegno…<\/em> was published a year after his death. It consists of renderings of his anatomical preparations by the artist Charles Errard (1606\u20131689), director of the Accademia, and most likely engraved by Fran\u00e7ois Andriot (d. 1704). Giovanni Maria Lancisi (1654\u20131720), the Papal physician, edited the work and provided much of the commentary. Most of the engravings deal with osteology and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4478771\/\">myology<\/a> drawn from Genga’s anatomical preparations. The remainder consists of representations of antique statues viewed from different angles, including the Youth Pulling a Thorn from his Foot, the Farnese Hercules, and the Gladiator.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2015\\\/10\\\/30\\\/a-portal-of-death\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 428px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"428\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 255px; height: 428px;\" data-original-width=\"255\" data-original-height=\"428\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2015\/10\/30\/a-portal-of-death\/youth\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"251\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"424\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7952\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/youth.png\" data-orig-size=\"710,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Youth\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2353013R<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/youth.png?fit=178%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/youth.png?fit=606%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/youth.png?w=251&h=424&ssl=1\" width=\"251\" height=\"424\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"251\" data-original-height=\"424\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Youth\" alt=\"An engraving of a classical statue.\" style=\"width: 251px; height: 424px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 255px; height: 428px;\" data-original-width=\"255\" data-original-height=\"428\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2015\/10\/30\/a-portal-of-death\/hercules\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"251\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"424\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7951\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/hercules.png\" data-orig-size=\"711,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Hercules\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2353013R<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/hercules.png?fit=178%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/hercules.png?fit=607%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/hercules.png?w=251&h=424&ssl=1\" width=\"251\" height=\"424\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"251\" data-original-height=\"424\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Hercules\" alt=\"An engraving of a classical statue.\" style=\"width: 251px; height: 424px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 330px; height: 428px;\" data-original-width=\"330\" data-original-height=\"428\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2015\/10\/30\/a-portal-of-death\/gladiator\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"326\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"424\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7950\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gladiator.png\" data-orig-size=\"924,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Gladiator\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2353013R<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gladiator.png?fit=231%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gladiator.png?fit=788%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/gladiator.png?w=326&h=424&ssl=1\" width=\"326\" height=\"424\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"326\" data-original-height=\"424\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Gladiator\" alt=\"An engraving of a classical statue.\" style=\"width: 326px; height: 424px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>Perhaps you will encounter some of these figures\u2014or other mythical or historical sorts\u2014rambling through this October eve, drawn from the flights of human imagination and the depths of human history, and walking the earth together on this night of imagination and mischief.<\/p>\n<p>Have a safe and happy Halloween!<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2542\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2013\/08\/28\/mccr-was-there\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg?fit=468%2C525&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"468,525\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ADR6400L","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1334829743","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.57","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","latitude":"43.044116666667","longitude":"-87.915772222222"}\" data-image-title=\"Elizabeth A. Mullen\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg?fit=267%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg?fit=468%2C525&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2542\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg?resize=76%2C86\" alt=\"Photo of Elizabeth Mullen outside in front of a building.\" width=\"76\" height=\"86\" \/><\/a>Elizabeth A. Mullen is Manager of Web Development and Social Media in the History of Medicine Division at the National Library of Medicine.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As the nights get longer and leaves turn and fall, many will spend a dark evening communing with frightening images. This ‘portal of death’ is the frontispiece from Bernardino Genga’s beautiful Anatomia per uso et intelligenza del disengno…, 1691.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":17858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"A Portal of Death - #creepyarchives A Halloween peek at a 1691 art anatomy text","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,347145303],"tags":[275516,26371,177,21690,1480675,6168,393736,3761],"class_list":["post-7946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-rare-books-journals","tag-1600s","tag-anatomy","tag-art","tag-bones","tag-book-illustration","tag-halloween","tag-rare-books","tag-skeleton"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Genga_frontispiece_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-24a","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7946"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27864,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7946\/revisions\/27864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |