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{"id":43943,"date":"2024-11-14T11:00:04","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T16:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=43943"},"modified":"2024-12-03T11:09:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T16:09:19","slug":"assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/11\/14\/assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"Assailed at Home; Champions Abroad: The ACNM\u2019s Push for Maternal Healthcare Advancements in Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><i>Ogechukwu Williams, PhD, will <\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=52758\"><em><i>speak<\/i><\/em><\/a><em><i> on Thursday, November 21, 2024 at 2:00 PM ET. This talk will be <\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=52758\"><em><i>live-streamed<\/i><\/em><\/a><em><i> globally, <\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/PastEvents?c=221\"><em><i>archived<\/i><\/em><\/a><em><i>\u00a0by <\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/\"><em><i>NIH VideoCasting<\/i><\/em><\/a>,<em><i> and live-streamed on the <\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=62ROUV3zVtY&list=PL7dF9e2qSW0b4qoikqa58YQErSmZVOOg7&index=1\"><em><i>NLM YouTube Channel<\/i><\/em><\/a><em><i>. Dr. Williams is an Associate Professor in the Department of History at the University at Buffalo.<\/i><\/em> Circulating Now<em><i> interviewed her about her research and upcoming talk.<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>Circulating Now: <\/b><\/strong>Please tell us a little about yourself. Where are you from? What do you do? What is your typical workday like?<\/p>\n<p><strong><b><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"45381\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/11\/14\/assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria\/williams_ogechukwu\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?fit=1416%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1416,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"Canon PowerShot SX510 HS","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1721679499","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Williams_Ogechukwu\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?fit=300%2C254&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?fit=840%2C712&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-45381 size-medium\" title=\"Dr. Ogechukwu Williams\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?resize=300%2C254&ssl=1\" alt=\"Informal portrait of a Black woman.\" width=\"300\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?resize=300%2C254&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?resize=1024%2C868&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?resize=768%2C651&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?resize=840%2C712&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Williams_Ogechukwu.jpg?w=1416&ssl=1 1416w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Ogechukwu Williams<\/b><\/strong>: I am a historian of medicine in Africa, with specific interest in West Africa. My research primarily revolves around childbirth, maternal health, and reproduction. I moved to Austin, Texas from Nigeria more than a decade ago. I currently live in Buffalo, NY, where I have just begun a new position as an Associate Professor at the University at Buffalo\u2019s Department of History.<\/p>\n<p>Since my family is in the process of transitioning to new jobs and a new city, my \u201ctypical workday\u201d doesn’t always look the same from week to week. My day starts at 5:30 AM because we have to get three young kids to three different locations in the city by 7:30 AM. Afterwards, we head to our offices at UB North Campus to kick off the workday. Once in the office, I make a \u201cto-do\u201d list to organize my day and ensure that I get to the most important things. I do a quick scan of my email and then attempt to write for two hours on most days. I am experimenting with working out at the campus gym for an hour at noon, but this may not be practical long-term as my schedule changes from one semester to the next. A lot of my time at the moment is spent on course prep, new course development, meetings, and grant writing. Ultimately, this workday schedule will include teaching three days a week, depending on the semester. My workday typically ends around 4:15 PM with checking emails and picking up the kids from their various locations.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>CN: <\/b><\/strong>What initially sparked your interest in the History of Medicine?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44191\" style=\"width: 208px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"44191\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/11\/14\/assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria\/motherhood_101444726-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?fit=832%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"832,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"motherhood_101444726\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Safe Motherhood Means, ca. 1980<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101444726<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?fit=208%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?fit=710%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44191\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?resize=208%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A public health poster advocating social equity, maternity care and family planning.\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?resize=208%2C300&ssl=1 208w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?resize=710%2C1024&ssl=1 710w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?resize=768%2C1108&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/motherhood_101444726-1.jpg?w=832&ssl=1 832w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Safe Motherhood Means<\/em>, ca. 1987<br \/><em><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101444726\">National Library of Medicine #101444726<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><b>OW: <\/b><\/strong>My interests in medicine can be traced to my childhood. As a child, I had a fascination for medicine, perhaps because my maternal grandparents were healthcare workers involved in community health or because my mother had basic medical care literature\u2014such as <em><i>When There Is No Doctor<\/i><\/em>\u2014around the house and I was an avid reader. In college, I retained my interest in health and medicine while developing a new interest in Women\u2019s History. After college, I opted to work with the National Reproductive Health and HIV\/AIDs Scheme in Nigeria for a year. It was during this period that I became familiar with women\u2019s reproductive health challenges and the extent of maternal deaths and disabilities related to birth complications, especially in the northern region of Nigeria. I also observed that policies to address reproductive health issues were often disconnected from the cultural causes and long-running histories that impacted women\u2019s healthcare decisions. This experience shaped my trajectory as a historian of medicine as well as my expertise in maternal health histories and the history of reproduction. In graduate school at UT Austin, I embraced the History of Medicine as an academic field and have since focused my work around maternal and reproductive health, childbirth, and indigenous medical knowledge systems.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>CN: <\/b><\/strong>Your talk, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=52758\">Assailed at Home; Champions Abroad: The ACNM\u2019s Push for Maternal Healthcare Advancements in Nigeria<\/a>,\u201d<strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>explores the work of the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) in Africa. How was this work influenced by events at home in the U.S.?<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>OW: <\/b><\/strong>Events in the United States certainly shaped and in some cases reflected the public health campaigns that the ACNM undertook abroad. The American College of Nurse Midwives was founded in 1955 to provided structure for nurse-midwives in a politically challenging environment where they suffered marginalization from physicians and doctors. In the 1980s, when ACNM created a Special Projects Section (SPS) to undertake international work, the organization had just witnessed significant expansion and was concerned about strengthening its professional reputation and that of the midwifery profession. One of the ways that they built this reputation was by undertaking health education and advocacy work abroad, including on the African continent. SPS was very successful in this goal and made ACNM a visible name abroad and within global health institutions like UNICEF and WHO. Their presence also became very visible to the US government, which funded a number of their programs abroad through United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Their goal of building a strong reputation for midwifery abroad was tied to similar efforts at home and most certainly influenced the birth of the worldwide Safe Motherhood Initiative in 1987.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44262\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44262\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"44262\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/11\/14\/assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria\/acnm-visual-manual\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?fit=1600%2C1148&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1148\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"ACNM-Visual-Manual\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Nigeria Village Health Worker (A Visual Manual), ACNM, 1988-1995<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine MS C 330a Box 52, Folder 11<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?fit=300%2C215&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?fit=840%2C603&ssl=1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-44262\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?resize=840%2C603&ssl=1\" alt=\"Nigeria Village Health Worker (A Visual Manual) title page\" width=\"840\" height=\"603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?resize=1024%2C735&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?resize=300%2C215&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?resize=768%2C551&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?resize=1536%2C1102&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?resize=840%2C603&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Nigeria Village Health Worker (A Visual Manual)<\/em>, ACNM, ca.1988\u20131995<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/findingaids.nlm.nih.gov\/repositories\/4\/archival_objects\/119274\"><em>National Library of Medicine MS C 330a Box 52, Folder 11<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>ACNM\u2019s work abroad also influenced its desire to become more active in health advocacy work at home. In the U.S. prior to the mid-1990s, ACNM focused primarily on the professional organization of certified midwives and certified nurse-midwives. In the 1990s though, they became interested in replicating domestically their strong history of advocacy work for women\u2019s health issues abroad. However, ACNM soon found that they had not grown their domestic networks over the decades as they had their international ones. In the US, there was a crisis in maternal healthcare\u2014including increasing maternal deaths, especially for Black women, and a lack of adequate personnel to provide maternity services\u2014which was similar to the health challenges that the ACNM confronted abroad. The organization did not take on these issues at home in earlier years because of the desire to build a strong reputation within the healthcare setting and in government circles, especially since US midwives had historically faced challenges related to their value in managing labor and delivery. When ACNM did eventually give SPS the mandate to develop projects at home, they were concerned about pushback from both within and outside the organization if they implemented measures within the United States that were first applied in less-developed foreign countries. In particular, they believed that there would be opposition to likening maternal health in the US to countries in Africa, Asia, or elsewhere outside of the western hemisphere.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44190\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44190\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"44190\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/11\/14\/assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?fit=1600%2C1076&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1076\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"barriers-womens-health_101455521\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Barriers to Women’s Health Care, ca. 1980<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101455521<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?fit=300%2C202&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?fit=840%2C565&ssl=1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-44190\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?resize=840%2C565&ssl=1\" alt=\"Public health poster about reducing risk of maternal death and disability illustrated with a woman separated from a healthcare facility by an ocean.\" width=\"840\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C689&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?resize=300%2C202&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?resize=768%2C516&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C1033&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?resize=840%2C565&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/barriers-womens-health_101455521-1.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44190\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Barriers to Women’s Health Care<\/em>, ca. 1987<br \/><em><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101455521\">National Library of Medicine #101455521<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In general, it seems that the challenges that ACNM faced to its legitimacy at home partly compelled it to build its reputation around international advocacy work, after which ACNM moved to address the health challenges at home once it had gained an international stature.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>CN: <\/b><\/strong>In your work in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) collection on ACNM, what materials were most enlightening for you? Was there a particular document that stood out?<\/p>\n<p><strong>OW<\/strong>: The first document that immediately stood out was the 1994 \u201cInternational Health Committee\u201d file. On the first couple of pages, this document includes a statement about misconceptions in the US and elsewhere that African women want to have as many babies as possible, despite data pointing out that upwards of 50% of maternal deaths resulted from illegal abortions in several African countries. The file also includes a \u201cMothers at risk\u201d survey\/map of maternal mortality, which I found fascinating because the map and survey associated with it conveyed several messages all at once. Since my second book is on maternal deaths, I was really pulled into the ACNM records when I encountered this file, and it was one of the first files that I looked at. One quote from this file that I will probably invoke again states: \u201cwe believe that it should not cost a single woman her life to have a baby.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_43958\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43958\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"43958\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/11\/14\/assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria\/acnm-maternal-risk-map\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?fit=1107%2C572&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1107,572\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"ACNM Maternal Risk Map\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>International Health Committee, ACNM, 1994.<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine MS C 330a Box 47, Folder 3<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?fit=300%2C155&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?fit=840%2C434&ssl=1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-43958\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?resize=840%2C434&ssl=1\" alt=\"ACM International Health Committee report depicting maternal mortality across different parts of Africa\" width=\"840\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?resize=1024%2C529&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?resize=300%2C155&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?resize=768%2C397&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?resize=840%2C434&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Maternal-Risk-Map.jpg?w=1107&ssl=1 1107w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43958\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">International Health Committee, 1994<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/findingaids.nlm.nih.gov\/repositories\/4\/archival_objects\/117246\"><em>National Library of Medicine MS C 330a Box 47, Folder 3<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44192\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44192\" style=\"width: 230px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"44192\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/11\/14\/assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?fit=920%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"920,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Risk Factors for Safe Motherhood, ca. 1980<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101455968<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?fit=230%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?fit=785%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44192\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?resize=230%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A public heath poster illustrated with pregnant women experiencing a variety of risk factors including, being physically handicapped, being anemic, having a breech presentation, and previous Caesarean section.\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?resize=230%2C300&ssl=1 230w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?resize=785%2C1024&ssl=1 785w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?resize=768%2C1002&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?resize=840%2C1096&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/risk-factors-safe-motherhood_101455968-1.jpg?w=920&ssl=1 920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44192\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Risk Factors for Safe Motherhood<\/em>, ca. 1987<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101455968\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101455968<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Another memorable document was the MotherCare Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) Project, which details health education and communication projects that ACNM undertook in Nigeria in partnership with Johns Hopkins University and USAID\u2019s family health services. The most interesting part of this document involved the gendered nuances in the communication strategies that was adopted in Nigeria. On one occasion, for instance, a project reviewer pushed the MotherCare IEC team to increase men\u2019s education on subjects such as danger signs during pregnancy, especially if these men were responsible for the women seeking care. They also paid attention to the ways in which men vs women consumed media. For instance, they considered whether men in Bauchi\u2014a city in Nigeria\u2019s predominantly Muslim North\u2014listened more to radios than women, and why. In another instance, a project reviewer insisted that the project managers interview female community leaders or women community associations in Bauchi as they had interviewed men. This document was filled with examples of the growing trend in the 1990s to target women\u2019s reproductive health education toward men as a public health strategy.<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>CN: <\/b><\/strong>The ACNM touched many lives around the world in the 1980s and 90s. In researching this subject, were you drawn to any particular event or individual\u2019s story?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45296\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45296\" style=\"width: 202px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"45296\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/11\/14\/assailed-at-home-champions-abroad-the-acnms-push-for-maternal-healthcare-advancements-in-nigeria\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?fit=2400%2C3570&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2400,3570\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>“AIDS: You Are Capable of Protecting Yourself,” 1988<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101455596<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?fit=202%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?fit=688%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-45296 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?resize=202%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A man and a woman stand beneath an umbrella that protects them from a raining cloud that says "AIDS" and above the words "You Are Capable of Protecting Yourself"\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?resize=202%2C300&ssl=1 202w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?resize=688%2C1024&ssl=1 688w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?resize=768%2C1142&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?resize=1033%2C1536&ssl=1 1033w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?resize=1377%2C2048&ssl=1 1377w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?resize=840%2C1250&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/nlm_nlmuid-101455596-img.jpg?w=1680&ssl=1 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45296\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">“AIDS: You Are Capable of Protecting Yourself,” ca.1987<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101455596\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101455596<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><b>OW: <\/b><\/strong>In 1991, the SPS Project Coordinator wrote an article that was <span style=\"font-size: 1.0625rem;\">published in International Dateline on the growing crisis of AIDS orphans in Uganda. Uganda\u2014alongside Nigeria, Ghana, and Tanzania\u2014was a major site of ACNM\u2019s international work on maternal health in Africa, and it seemed that the organization became stricken by what they termed the \u201ccrisis proportion\u201d of orphaned children due to the AIDS epidemic. I took a photo of this document at the time that I saw it, although it was outside of my subject of inquiry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>ACNM\u2019s work with the Immigration and Refugee Services of America in the United States in the late 1990s also stood out to me, although I engage it very little at this time (MS C 330a, 52.76). This work coincided with the period when ACNM was developing maternal health projects in the US in the same way as they did abroad. ACNM provided maternal healthcare training and education for this organization and participated in the Refugee Women\u2019s Conference.<\/p>\n<p><em><i>Ogechukwu Williams’<\/i>\u00a0presentation is part of our <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/lectures\/\"><em>NLM History Talks<\/em><\/a><em>, which promote awareness and use of the National Library of Medicine and other historical collections for research, education, and public service in biomedicine, the social sciences, and the humanities. All talks are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/\">live-streamed<\/a>\u00a0globally, and subsequently archived, by\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/PastEvents.asp?c=221\"><em>NIH VideoCasting<\/em><\/a><em>. Stay informed about the lecture series on Twitter at\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/NLMHistTalk?src=hash&lang=en\"><em>#NLMHistTalk<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An interview with Ogechukwu Williams, PhD, on her <a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=52758\">NLM History Talk<\/a> and her research on the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) work in Africa. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":156494306,"featured_media":44261,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[42333869,12763,51014,103],"tags":[22792,678875811,2214,11788,36893,66822,5711,7193],"class_list":["post-43943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives-manuscripts","category-collections","category-guests","category-news","tag-1980s","tag-1990s","tag-africa","tag-interview","tag-midwifery","tag-nigeria","tag-nlmhisttalk","tag-nursing"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ACNM-Visual-Manual_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-bqL","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/156494306"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43943"}],"version-history":[{"count":36,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47901,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43943\/revisions\/47901"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |