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{"id":2963,"date":"2014-01-06T11:00:48","date_gmt":"2014-01-06T16:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=2963"},"modified":"2021-07-23T10:41:31","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T14:41:31","slug":"percivall-pott-orthopedics-and-occupational-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2014\/01\/06\/percivall-pott-orthopedics-and-occupational-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Percivall Pott: Orthopedics and Occupational Health"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Michael J. North<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2967\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2967\" style=\"width: 251px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/percivallpottb026992_crop.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2967\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2014\/01\/06\/percivall-pott-orthopedics-and-occupational-health\/percivallpottb026992_crop\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/percivallpottb026992_crop.jpg?fit=888%2C1060&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"888,1060\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}\" data-image-title=\"Percivall Pott b026992\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Percivall Pott, engraved from an original portrait by Nathaniel Dance-Holland, London, 1785.<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #B026992<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/percivallpottb026992_crop.jpg?fit=251%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/percivallpottb026992_crop.jpg?fit=840%2C1003&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2967\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/percivallpottb026992_crop.jpg?resize=251%2C300\" alt=\"Formal Portrait of Percivall Pott\" width=\"251\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2967\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Percivall Pott, engraved from an original portrait by Nathaniel Dance-Holland, London, 1785.<br \/><a title=\"Digital Resource Record\" href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101439744\"><em>National Library of Medicine #B026992<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Today we commemorate the 300th anniversary of the birth of Percivall Pott (1714\u20131788), an <a title=\"Digital Resource Record\" href=\"http:\/\/collections.nlm.nih.gov\/catalog\/nlm:nlmuid-2567036R-mvset\">English surgeon<\/a> who is known as one of the founders of orthopedics and occupational health.<\/p>\n<p>Percivall Pott was the son of a scrivener (or scribe) and notary in London by the same name. After receiving an education at a private school, he was apprenticed at the age of fifteen, at his request, to surgeon Edward Nourse, an assistant surgeon at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bartshealth.nhs.uk\/st-bartholomews\">St. Bartholmew\u2019s Hospital in London<\/a>. He became a liveried member of the <a title=\"PubMed Central, NLM\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1282221\/\">Barber-Surgeon\u2019s Company<\/a> in 1739 and was later appointed assistant surgeon at St. Bartholomew\u2019s and one of the first members of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rcseng.ac.uk\/about\/history-of-the-college\">Royal College of Surgeons<\/a> when it was founded in 1753.<\/p>\n<p>In 1756, Pott suffered a compound fracture of the leg while riding a horse; his fellow surgeons were called in to consult and amputation was thought the only way to save his life. His mentor Edward Nourse intervened and stopped the amputation, and Pott spent three months in bed while his fracture healed successfully. It was during this time that Pott wrote his first of over 40 monographs, <a title=\"LocatorPlus Online Catalog\" href=\"https:\/\/catalog.nlm.nih.gov\/permalink\/01NLM_INST\/1o1phhn\/alma992825473406676\"><i>A Treatise on Ruptures<\/i><\/a> (London, 1756). In 1764, he published another article on hernias in the <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society<\/i>, and the Society elected him as a fellow, and the following year he became senior surgeon at St. Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital. In his private practice he treated a number of notable patients, including Samuel Johnson, Thomas Gainsborough, David Garrick, and William Cruikshank. He answered correspondence from all over Europe from other surgeons seeking his advice on specific cases and wrote more than 40 treatises on topics ranging from cataracts to paralysis of the lower extremities. He was especially known for his belief in the continual improvement of medical knowledge through close observation of cases and sharing that knowledge with others in the field.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2014\\\/01\\\/06\\\/percivall-pott-orthopedics-and-occupational-health\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 467px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"467\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 282px; height: 467px;\" data-original-width=\"282\" data-original-height=\"467\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2014\/01\/06\/percivall-pott-orthopedics-and-occupational-health\/pottlegsplintvol1_adj\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"278\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"463\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"2970\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pottlegsplintvol1_adj.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"466,775\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}\" data-image-title=\"Pott Leg Splint Vol1\" data-image-description=\"<p>The best and most useful bandage for a simple fracture of the<br \/> leg or thigh, is what is commonly known by the name of the<br \/> eighteen-tailed bandage,k or rather one made on the same prin-<br \/> ciple, but with a little difference in the disposition of the pieces.<br \/> The common method is to make it so, that the parts which are to<br \/> surround the limb, make a right angle with that which runs<br \/> lengthways under it; instead of which, if they are tacked on so as<br \/> to make an acute angle, they will fold over each other in an oblique<br \/> direction, and thereby sit more neatly and more securely, as the<br \/> parts will thereby have more connexion with and more depen-<br \/> dence on each other. In compound fractures, as they are called,<br \/> every body sees and acknowledges the utility of this kind of<br \/> bandage preferable to the roller, and for very obvious and con-<br \/> vincing reasons, but particularly because it does not become ne-<br \/> cessary to lift up and disturb the limb every time it is dressed, or<br \/> every time the bandage loosens.<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pottlegsplintvol1_adj.jpg?fit=180%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pottlegsplintvol1_adj.jpg?fit=466%2C775&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pottlegsplintvol1_adj.jpg?w=278&h=463&ssl=1\" width=\"278\" height=\"463\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"278\" data-original-height=\"463\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Pott Leg Splint Vol1\" alt=\"Engraving of a bandaged leg.\" style=\"width: 278px; height: 463px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Bandaged fracture, from volume one of The Chirurgical Works of Percivall Pott (Philadelphia, 1819). <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2567036RX2\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2567036RX2<\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 279px; height: 467px;\" data-original-width=\"279\" data-original-height=\"467\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2014\/01\/06\/percivall-pott-orthopedics-and-occupational-health\/pottinstrumentsvol2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"275\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"463\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"2971\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pottinstrumentsvol2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"466,784\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}\" data-image-title=\"Pott Instruments Vol2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pottinstrumentsvol2.jpg?fit=178%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pottinstrumentsvol2.jpg?fit=466%2C784&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pottinstrumentsvol2.jpg?w=275&h=463&ssl=1\" width=\"275\" height=\"463\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"275\" data-original-height=\"463\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Pott Instruments Vol2\" alt=\"Drawings of four surgical instruments.\" style=\"width: 275px; height: 463px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Surgical Instruments, from volume two of The Chirurgical Works of Percivall Pott (Philadelphia, 1819). <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2567036RX2\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2567036RX2<\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 279px; height: 467px;\" data-original-width=\"279\" data-original-height=\"467\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2014\/01\/06\/percivall-pott-orthopedics-and-occupational-health\/pott_spine_vol2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"275\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"463\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"2973\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pott_spine_vol2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"713,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}\" data-image-title=\"Pott Spine Vol2\" data-image-description=\"<p>A view of some of the vertebrae in a case of curved spine which had been cured by the caustic, &amp; which were taken from the body of the patient who died of another distemper at some distance of time after. In this may be seen the state of the vertebrae, which, had been crushed, and of the consequent anchylosis or union.<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pott_spine_vol2.jpg?fit=178%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pott_spine_vol2.jpg?fit=608%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/pott_spine_vol2.jpg?w=275&h=463&ssl=1\" width=\"275\" height=\"463\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"275\" data-original-height=\"463\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Pott Spine Vol2\" alt=\"A drawing of 3 damaged and partially fused vertebrae.\" style=\"width: 275px; height: 463px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Damaged vertebrae, from volume two of The Chirurgical Works of Percivall Pott (Philadelphia, 1819). <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2567036RX2\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2567036RX2<\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>Three conditions were named after Pott: Pott\u2019s disease, Pott\u2019s puffy tumor, and Pott\u2019s fracture. In 1760, Pott <a title=\"LocatorPlus Online Catalog\" href=\"https:\/\/catalog.nlm.nih.gov\/permalink\/01NLM_INST\/1o1phhn\/alma992825353406676\">described <\/a>what would later be called Pott\u2019s puffy tumor, an abscess of the periosteal membrane of the skull (making the forehead swell) caused by osteomyelitis. Pott was famous for describing what was later called Pott\u2019s disease, which was a form of tuberculosis which affected the spine and caused serious damage to the intervertebral discs. Pott first described how this condition led to paralysis of the lower limbs in his 1779 publication, <a title=\"LocatorPlus Online Catalog\" href=\"https:\/\/catalog.nlm.nih.gov\/permalink\/01NLM_INST\/1o1phhn\/alma992825393406676\"><i>Remarks on that Kind of Palsy of the Lower Limbs, Which is Frequently Found to Accompany Curvature of the Spine<\/i><\/a>. The term \u201cPott\u2019s fracture\u201d was given to a fracture of the ankle, later named by physicians after Pott\u2019s famous fracture from his fall from a horse in 1756, although it has since been determined that his fracture was not of the ankle but of the upper leg; the name Pott\u2019s fracture has remained nonetheless.<\/p>\n<p>Percivall Pott also opened the door on a new field of occupational health when he proved an association between an exposure to soot by <a title=\"PubMed Central, NLM\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1037746\/\">chimney sweeps<\/a> in London and cancer of the scrotum: the first time an environmental hazard encountered in the workplace was shown to cause cancer. Most chimney sweeps at the time were boys, some as young as four years old, and many of them would get scrotal squamous cell carcinoma, which they called soot wart, in their late teens or early twenties. \u00a0His publication on the topic in 1775, in his <a title=\"LocatorPlus Online Catalog\" href=\"https:\/\/catalog.nlm.nih.gov\/permalink\/01NLM_INST\/1o1phhn\/alma992825173406676\"><i>Chirurgical Observations<\/i><\/a>, also contributed to the creation of the field of epidemiology and the passage of the Chimney Sweepers Act of 1788, which set the minimum age for chimney sweeps at eight years.<\/p>\n<p>The National Library of Medicine has a large collection of works by and about Percivall Pott and his illustrious career. To learn more about them, please feel free to contact us at <a href=\"https:\/\/support.nlm.nih.gov\/ics\/support\/KBList.asp?folderID=150&from=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NLM Customer Support<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 60px;\"><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/michael-j-north1.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"738\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2013\/07\/03\/curators-welcome-benjamin-franklin-on-the-founding-of-the-nations-first-hospital\/michael-j-north-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/michael-j-north1.jpg?fit=268%2C351&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"268,351\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"5.6","credit":"","camera":"NIKON D800","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1372328096","copyright":"","focal_length":"58","iso":"320","shutter_speed":"0.016666666666667","title":""}\" data-image-title=\"Michael J North\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/michael-j-north1.jpg?fit=229%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/michael-j-north1.jpg?fit=268%2C351&ssl=1\" class=\" wp-image-738 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/michael-j-north1.jpg?resize=80%2C105\" alt=\"Michael J. North in the incuna\" width=\"80\" height=\"105\" \/><\/a>Michael J. North is the Head of Rare Books and Early Manuscripts in the History of Medicine Division at the National Library of Medicine.<\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Michael J. North Today we commemorate the 300th anniversary of the birth of Percivall Pott (1714\u20131788), an English surgeon<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":2975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,347145303],"tags":[411245,21690,4252,1311,25639,462705,218721],"class_list":["post-2963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-rare-books-journals","tag-1700s","tag-bones","tag-cancer","tag-england","tag-epidemiology","tag-occupational-health","tag-surgeon"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/percivall-pott-demonstrating-to-john-hunter-1756-b026994.jpg?fit=932%2C361&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-LN","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2963"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21736,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2963\/revisions\/21736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |