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{"id":29535,"date":"2024-07-11T11:00:31","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T15:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=29535"},"modified":"2024-12-03T11:09:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-03T16:09:53","slug":"promoting-birth-control-in-1970s-colombia-unlikely-alliances-on-and-off-the-screen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/07\/11\/promoting-birth-control-in-1970s-colombia-unlikely-alliances-on-and-off-the-screen\/","title":{"rendered":"Promoting Birth Control in 1970s Colombia: Unlikely Alliances On and Off the Screen"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content clearfix\">\n<p>Circulating Now<em>\u00a0welcomes guest blogger Paula Orozco-Espinel, a doctoral candidate at the University of Pittsburgh under a Fulbright scholarship, to explore six rare films held by the NLM among its globally appreciated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/collections\/films-about.html\">collection of films and videos<\/a>. Read an extended essay about these films, authored by Ms. Orozco-Espinel, on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/07\/09\/promoting-birth-control-in-1970s-colombia-unlikely-alliances-on-and-off-the-screen\/\">Medicine on Screen: Films and Essays from NLM<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"dropcap\">T<\/span>his essay focuses on six films produced by Airlie Productions during the 1970s that present family planning projects and alert the public to the \u201cpopulation issue\u201d\u2014the supposedly devastating political, economic, and cultural consequences of the world population\u2019s exponential growth. Five of these six films focus exclusively on Colombia, and one refers to Latin America as a whole, including references to Bolivia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. The production of five of these films was supported by Profamilia, arguably the most successful associate to the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) and the most important Colombian family planning organization. Together, the films under analysis illustrate some of the difficulties the population movement faced in the 1970s in promoting birth control in the Global South, some of the strategies implemented to tackle those difficulties, and the unexpected alliances that were formed along the way.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29542\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29542\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"29542\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/07\/11\/promoting-birth-control-in-1970s-colombia-unlikely-alliances-on-and-off-the-screen\/screenshot-7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"Screenshot","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"Screenshot","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Screenshot\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>La bandera verde, 1974<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #9918401887306676<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-29542\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1\" alt=\"A woman handling medical supplies at a counter.\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/La-bandera-verde_1974_1344416616.jpg?w=640&ssl=1 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29542\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov\/portfolio\/la-bandera-verde-programa-rural-pro-familia-the-green-flag\/\"><em>La Bandera Verde<\/em><\/a>, 1974<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/9918401887306676\"><em>National Library of Medicine #9918401887306676<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Airlie Foundation\u2019s story is deeply intertwined with the transnational population-control movement. The foundation was established in 1972 by Dr. Murdoch Head with the goal of collaborating closely with the Population Information Program (PIP), which had been recently created at George Washington University by Phyllis T. Piotrow, a leading figure in the population movement. Between 1971 and 1978, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) awarded $16.6 million to the Airlie Foundation and the PIP. As a result, the Airlie Foundation made over 100 films on population and health issues during this time, set in various locations, including Colombia, Bangladesh, El Salvador, Jamaica, Kenya, the Philippines, Thailand, and the United States. At around $1,800 to $2,058 per minute of finished film, these high-quality and location-filmed productions were costly, compared to the $1,236 per minute average cost of films made for government agencies.<\/p>\n<p>USAID\u2019s investment in the Airlie Foundation and the PIP was part of a broader trend. After World War II, U.S. private organizations such as the Rockefeller Foundation started investing significant funds in Latin America and advancing pilot population-control programs. By the 1960s, the U.S. government had joined such efforts and was also exerting economic and political pressure to curb fertility in the region. Immersed in Cold War concerns, U.S. actors feared that poor, overpopulated countries in the Global South would feel unsatisfied with Capitalist governments and embrace Communism.<\/p>\n<p>In this context, Colombia received an extraordinary influx of government and philanthropic funds, partly due to the great deal of local support found in the country for population growth control. Spearheaded by a handful of renowned Colombian doctors, Profamilia and the Colombian Association of Medical Schools resourcefully leveraged international funding to expand reproductive services, particularly to the countryside. Moreover, with the robust endorsement of President Carlos Lleras Restrepo (1966-1970) and his Minister of Health Antonio Ordo\u00f1ez Plaja, in the late 1960s the Colombian Ministry of Health included family planning as an integral part of its maternal and child health programs….<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>The union of international and local efforts to advance family planning led to an abrupt change in the country\u2019s demographic profile. In 1960, the Colombian birth rate was 6.735, meaning that, on average, every woman had almost seven children during her lifetime. Only twenty years later, the birth rate in Colombia had dramatically fallen to 3.967.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><em>To <a href=\"https:\/\/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/07\/09\/promoting-birth-control-in-1970s-colombia-unlikely-alliances-on-and-off-the-screen\/\">read the full essay<\/a> and to see the films go to NLM\u2019s <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov\/\">Medicine on Screen<\/a><em>, a curated portal including original research on selected films from NLM\u2019s collection.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Paula Orozco-Espinel <\/em><em>studies the history of women and sexuality in Latin America and the United States. Her dissertation focuses on Colombian women’s role in the country’s demographic transition between 1959 and 1991, when population growth in the country was effectively halted through policies advanced by male politicians and doctors. Her research examines how local women supported and\/or contested these policies and unravels the characteristics, contradictions, and boundaries of the Colombian feminist movement. Orozco-Espinel received her BA in History (2016) and MA in Gender Studies (2019) from Universidad Nacional de Colombia.<\/em><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explore a new addition by Paula Orozco-Espinel to <em>Medicine on Screen: Films and Essays from NLM<\/em>, a curated, freely-accessible portal presenting digitized historical audiovisual titles from the world-renowned NLM collection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":29555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,1359464,51014,103],"tags":[24743,678875981,678875809,678875842,524,5839,671616459,97077],"class_list":["post-29535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-films-videos","category-guests","category-news","tag-1970s","tag-colombia","tag-contraception","tag-family","tag-film","tag-latin-america","tag-medicine-on-screen","tag-womens-history"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Arlie_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-7Gn","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29535"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29535\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29611,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29535\/revisions\/29611"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |