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{"id":28697,"date":"2024-03-21T11:00:49","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T15:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=28697"},"modified":"2024-03-20T10:44:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T14:44:25","slug":"making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-digitization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/03\/21\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-digitization\/","title":{"rendered":"Making the Greatest Medical Library in America: Digitization"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>A new online exhibition, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/making-the-greatest-medical-library\/index.html\">Making the Greatest Medical Library in America<\/a><em>, showcases a selection of 19th century pamphlets acquired early in the NLM\u2019s history from the private library of renowned French physician Claude Bernard. The exhibition also celebrates the NLM\u2019s work collecting and preserving the world\u2019s medical knowledge. This post is the third in a <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/category\/exhibitions\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america\/\">series<\/a> that expands upon topics explored in the exhibition.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28700\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28700\" style=\"width: 248px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"28700\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/03\/21\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-digitization\/zeutschel_scanner\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?fit=993%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"993,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"5.6","credit":"www.marleenvandenneste.com","camera":"NIKON Z 6","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1569507187","copyright":"2019 Marleen Van den Neste","focal_length":"34","iso":"1600","shutter_speed":"0.008","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Zeutschel_scanner\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?fit=248%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?fit=840%2C1016&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-28700 size-medium\" title=\"Use of the Zeutschel scanner is available for library patrons, as well\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?resize=248%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A white man scans a book in a library\" width=\"248\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?resize=248%2C300&ssl=1 248w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?resize=847%2C1024&ssl=1 847w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?resize=768%2C928&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?resize=840%2C1015&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Zeutschel_scanner.jpg?w=993&ssl=1 993w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 248px) 100vw, 248px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28700\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An NLM librarian scanning a book using a Zeutschel scanner, 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/07\/18\/new-history-of-the-nlm-civil-war-and-the-era-of-john-shaw-billings\/\">John Shaw Billings<\/a> took the helm of the Library of the Office of the Surgeon General (now the National Library of Medicine (NLM)) in 1865, he envisioned that the Library would house a comprehensive and open collection of materials that captured the world\u2019s medical knowledge. Expanding the Library\u2019s holdings by hundreds of thousands of volumes and making them available to health professionals during his 30-year tenure, he created a legacy of stewardship and access that NLM not only continues but also considers to be part of its core mission. Today, NLM reaches a wide audience and provides online access to its ever increasing digitized physical collections through <a href=\"https:\/\/collections2.nlm.nih.gov\/\">NLM Digital Collections<\/a> and <em><a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.nlm.nih.gov\/\">Profiles in Science<\/a><\/em> as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\">PubMed Central (PMC)<\/a> which provides access to hundreds of digitized backfiles of <a href=\"https:\/\/nlmdirector.nlm.nih.gov\/2023\/09\/20\/whats-old-is-new-to-discover\/\">historically significant biomedical journals<\/a>, along with their human- and computer-readable citations.<\/p>\n<p>The exhibition <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/making-the-greatest-medical-library\/index.html\">Making the Greatest Medical Library in America<\/a><\/em> showcases volumes of medical pamphlets collected by French physiologist Claude Bernard and featured in an 1878 exhibition at the then-Library of the Office of the Surgeon General.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28701\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28701\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"28701\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/03\/21\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-digitization\/nlm-library-operations-photo-shoot\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"Chia-Chi Charlie Chang","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"NLM Library Operations Photo Shoot","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"NLM Library Operations Photo Shoot\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>rgrrffweewfwfwwef<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?fit=840%2C630&ssl=1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-28701\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=840%2C630&ssl=1\" alt=\"An African American man sits at a workstation scanning a book and looking at the scan on a computer monitor\" width=\"840\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=768%2C576&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?resize=840%2C630&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Cobra_scanner.jpg?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28701\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An NLM librarian using a Cobra scanner, 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Digitizing such rare collection material is a highly collaborative process involving diverse staff expertise. Generally speaking, this process involves conservation librarians ensuring that the material is physically complete and sufficiently stable for the scanning process. They also advise on any special handling instructions to avoid damage, and to address distinctive aspects of the material such as foldout pages. Catalogers review the library records of the material to ensure their compliance with national standards, accuracy, and completeness.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ui-provider ed bhs bht bhu bhv bhw bhx bhy bhz bia bib bic bid bie bif big bih bii bij bik bil bim bin bio bip biq bir bis bit biu biv biw bix biy biz\" dir=\"ltr\">Librarians scan physically stable collections through scanners which are capable of handling high volume quickly, while oversized items, which cannot fit in a scanner, are photographed. The scanning process also involves careful image quality control and metadata development, and any damage to the material after scanning is handled by conservators. Staff ingest the final images and metadata into NLM Digital Collections for public access as well as digital preservation. Additionally, staff update the library\u2019s catalog records and files are transmitted to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fusnationallibraryofmedicine&data=05%7C02%7Cmillser%40mail.nlm.nih.gov%7C7bd19feb3535413e436c08dc48dda38e%7C14b77578977342d58507251ca2dc2b06%7C0%7C0%7C638465363961432936%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=qtYw9mp4hjHbSsmOQas2zd6HsYsIJi5BlQl%2Be3e50AY%3D&reserved=0\" data-auth=\"Verified\" data-linkindex=\"0\">Internet Archive<\/a>\u00a0for wider public access. The original collection materials are returned to the NLM stacks for physical preservation.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28704\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28704\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/OB12997.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"28704\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/03\/21\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-digitization\/ob12997\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/OB12997.jpg?fit=600%2C503&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"600,503\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"OB12997\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>rgrsgegegwefgweffwe<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/OB12997.jpg?fit=300%2C252&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/OB12997.jpg?fit=600%2C503&ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28704\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/OB12997.jpg?resize=600%2C503&ssl=1\" alt=\"An illustration showing a complicated tabletop apparatus\" width=\"600\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/OB12997.jpg?w=600&ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/OB12997.jpg?resize=300%2C252&ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28704\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scanned foldout page from <em>Zur Muskelphysiologie und Physik (Muscle Physiology and Physics), Jacob Schmulewitsch,<\/em> 1868 <br \/><em><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101749112\">National Library of Medicine #101749112<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The process of making <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/making-the-greatest-medical-library\/index.html\">Making the Greatest Medical Library<\/a>\u2014and the story it tells\u2014reflects NLM’s longstanding mission to acquire, preserve, and make publicly available information pertinent to medicine, including, of course, the Library\u2019s world-renowned collection of physical material spanning eleven centuries and originating from all parts of the globe. Digitization allows us to preserve the medical past and put it at your fingertips.<\/p>\n<p><em>Explore<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/making-the-greatest-medical-library\/index.html\">Making the Greatest Medical Library<\/a> <em>online and learn more about NLM\u2019s work collecting and preserving the world\u2019s medical knowledge in this <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/category\/exhibitions\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america\/\">series<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new online exhibition, Making the Greatest Medical Library in America, showcases a selection of 19th century pamphlets acquired early<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57991628,"featured_media":28703,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,2029,678875970,2347],"tags":[23993,106484,28354841,15380,385674],"class_list":["post-28697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-exhibitions","category-making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america","category-series","tag-conservation","tag-digitization","tag-john-shaw-billings","tag-librarians","tag-surgeon-general"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/MGMLADig_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-7sR","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57991628"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28697"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28750,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28697\/revisions\/28750"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |