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{"id":28543,"date":"2024-02-22T11:00:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-22T16:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=28543"},"modified":"2024-02-22T11:54:16","modified_gmt":"2024-02-22T16:54:16","slug":"making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-spine-repair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/02\/22\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-spine-repair\/","title":{"rendered":"Making the Greatest Medical Library in America: Spine Repair"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>A new online exhibition, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/making-the-greatest-medical-library\/index.html\">Making the Greatest Medical Library in America<\/a><em>, showcases a selection of 19th century pamphlets acquired early in the NLM\u2019s history from the private library of renowned French physician Claude Bernard. The exhibition also celebrates the NLM\u2019s work collecting and preserving the world\u2019s medical knowledge. This post is the second in a series that expands upon topics explored in the exhibition.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28548\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28548\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CB_Image_1-rotated.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"28548\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/02\/22\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-spine-repair\/cb_image_1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CB_Image_1-rotated.jpg?fit=240%2C320&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"240,320\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"CB_Image_1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CB_Image_1-rotated.jpg?fit=225%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CB_Image_1-rotated.jpg?fit=240%2C320&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-28548 size-medium\" title=\"Several of the volumes in Claude Bernard's collection needed conservation \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CB_Image_1.jpg?resize=225%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"An old book in disrepair, held together with a string\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CB_Image_1-rotated.jpg?resize=225%2C300&ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CB_Image_1-rotated.jpg?resize=150%2C200&ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/CB_Image_1-rotated.jpg?w=240&ssl=1 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28548\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A volume from French physician Claude Bernard’s Collection shows disrepair<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the medical field, phrases such as \u201cbroken spine\u201d or \u201cspine repair\u201d may be commonplace.\u00a0 It\u2019s likely no surprise that on the NIH campus there are spines that need repair. Yet, at the National Library of Medicine (NLM), these spines are on historic books, and the conservation staff are well-trained book surgeons who employ various techniques to repair them.<\/p>\n<p>Several of the books in the collection highlighted in <em>Making the Greatest Medical Library in America<\/em> need spine surgery to function correctly. This exhibition celebrates its 1878 counterpart\u2014the first exhibition recorded at NLM, which used many of the same books. The 1878 display gave valuable insight into the early acquisition practices of the Library.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/cool.conservation-us.org\/don\/dt\/dt2787.html\">Reback<\/a>\u201d is a conservation term for a specific type of spine repair.\u00a0 Visible spine damage usually includes cracking or tears. At times, the front and back boards have already separated from the spine. In the conservation lab, we focus on saving historic material and restoring the integrity of the book structure. Where there is missing material, a new, archival quality material is selected based on its compatibility with the color and texture of the original material. Materials like paper, cloth, and <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?s=leather\">leather<\/a> can be used.<\/p>\n<p>The book spine surgery involves multiple steps. First, the historic spine covering is removed and temporarily set aside. The spine itself is cleaned and strengthened with layers of specially selected adhesives and papers. New covering material is prepared, adhered to the book\u2019s front and back boards and the book is put in a press while the adhesive sets and dries. If the historic spine covering is reusable, it is reattached on top of the new covering material.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28550\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28550\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"28550\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/02\/22\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-spine-repair\/w6_p3_v-787-bt-9-2019-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?fit=1715%2C1348&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1715,1348\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>rgefrgdsgdsfsf<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?fit=300%2C236&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?fit=840%2C660&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-28550 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?resize=840%2C660&ssl=1\" alt=\"An old book with a damaged spine\" width=\"840\" height=\"660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?resize=1024%2C805&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?resize=300%2C236&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?resize=768%2C604&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?resize=1536%2C1207&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?resize=1200%2C943&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?resize=840%2C660&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/W6_P3_v.787-BT-9-2019.jpg?w=1715&ssl=1 1715w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28550\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Another Claude Bernard volume before spine repair<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>These basic spine repair steps can vary because there is more than one type of book structure that might receive a reback. Some books have <a href=\"http:\/\/cool.conservation-us.org\/don\/dt\/dt1763.html\">hollow back bindings<\/a> which can have a variety of covering materials. Others are <a href=\"http:\/\/cool.conservation-us.org\/don\/dt\/dt3515.html\">tightback<\/a>, which are typically covered in leather. Rebacking steps are performed a little differently depending on the structure.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes when we perform rebacks, we uncover <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/collections\/books\/bathtub-collection\/index.html\">hidden tidbits<\/a> of information. For example, when the damaged spine is removed, it\u2019s not uncommon to see historic spine linings that are printed or handwritten. Finding these, which are invisible until a book is taken apart, provides a window into the past. They can be visually interesting and <a href=\"https:\/\/folgerpedia.folger.edu\/Recycled_Manuscripts\">can sometimes be informative<\/a>. By examining the exposed binding materials, we gain insight into historic binding practices, which can strengthen our understanding of how bookbinding has changed over time.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_28552\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28552\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"28552\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2024\/02\/22\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america-spine-repair\/ob13012\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?fit=3344%2C2776&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"3344,2776\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"5.6","credit":"","camera":"Canon EOS 5D Mark II","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1683649157","copyright":"","focal_length":"45","iso":"3200","shutter_speed":"0.04","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"OB13012\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>srfgbfsrbgdrgedfre<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?fit=300%2C249&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?fit=840%2C697&ssl=1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-28552\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?resize=840%2C697&ssl=1\" alt=\"An old book that's been repaired\" width=\"840\" height=\"697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?resize=1024%2C850&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?resize=300%2C249&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?resize=768%2C638&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?resize=1536%2C1275&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?resize=2048%2C1700&ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?resize=1200%2C996&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?resize=840%2C697&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?w=1680&ssl=1 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/OB13012.jpg?w=2520&ssl=1 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-28552\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The results of a successful reback<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The results of a well-done reback are aesthetically pleasing, retain the book\u2019s history, and strengthen its structure. Just like with any patient, though, the correct course of action can only be determined on a case-by-case basis; so, conservators consult their colleagues to discuss treatment goals and expected outcomes. Overall, this type of spine surgery is one that is rewarding to perform!<\/p>\n<p><em>Explore<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/making-the-greatest-medical-library\/index.html\">Making the Greatest Medical Library<\/a> <em>online and learn more about NLM\u2019s work collecting and preserving the world\u2019s medical knowledge in this <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/category\/exhibitions\/making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america\/\">series<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new online exhibition, Making the Greatest Medical Library in America, showcases a selection of 19th century pamphlets acquired early<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57991628,"featured_media":28371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,2029,678875970,2347],"tags":[23993,28354841,15380,385674],"class_list":["post-28543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-exhibitions","category-making-the-greatest-medical-library-in-america","category-series","tag-conservation","tag-john-shaw-billings","tag-librarians","tag-surgeon-general"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Steve-MGMLA_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-7qn","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57991628"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28543"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28582,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28543\/revisions\/28582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |