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{"id":21070,"date":"2021-05-06T11:01:20","date_gmt":"2021-05-06T15:01:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=21070"},"modified":"2022-06-01T15:37:52","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T19:37:52","slug":"an-articella-in-catalan-1475","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2021\/05\/06\/an-articella-in-catalan-1475\/","title":{"rendered":"An Articella in Catalan, 1475"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Margaret Kaiser ~<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21076\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21076\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"21076\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2021\/05\/06\/an-articella-in-catalan-1475\/catalan-articella-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?fit=1133%2C1543&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1133,1543\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Catalan-Articella-2\" data-image-description=\"<p>Thus begins the Book of Joannitius\u2019 introductions to the art of Galen<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Assi comenc\u0327a lo Libre de Johanici de introduccions del art del Tegni, 1475<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101770638<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?fit=220%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?fit=752%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-21076\" title=\"Thus begins the Book of Joannitius\u2019 introductions to the art of Galen\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178-752x1024.jpg?resize=300%2C409&ssl=1\" alt=\"A manuscript in two columns and three colors, with decorative initial letters and additional annotations in the margins.\" width=\"300\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?resize=752%2C1024&ssl=1 752w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?resize=220%2C300&ssl=1 220w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?resize=768%2C1046&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?resize=1128%2C1536&ssl=1 1128w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?resize=840%2C1144&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-2-e1620403303178.jpg?w=1133&ssl=1 1133w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21076\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Assi comenc\u0327a lo Libre de Johanici de introduccions del art del Tegni<\/em>, 1475<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/?term=101770638\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101770638<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The National Library of Medicine recently acquired a rare manuscript related to the Ancient Greek physician <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/greek\/greek_galen.html\">Galen<\/a>. It is an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/medieval\/articella.html\">Articella<\/a>\u2014a collection of medical treatises bound together for use as a textbook or reference. This decorated early manuscript on paper was written in Spain, probably around 1475.\u00a0 Manuscript translations into vernacular languages are rare and the texts here have been translated into Catalan, a language that developed from Latin.\u00a0 Once suppressed and banned, Catalan is now considered an official language of Spain.<\/p>\n<p>The text begins in Catalan:\u00a0 “Assi comenc\u0327a lo <em>Libre de Johanici de introduccions del art del Tegni<\/em>” (Thus begins the <em>Book of Joannitius\u2019 introductions to the art of Galen<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>It is a translation of H\u0323unayn ibn Ish\u0323a\u0304q al-\u02bbIba\u0304di\u0304\u2019s <em>Isagoge ad tegni Galieni<\/em> (<em>Introduction to the art of Galen<\/em>).\u00a0 Hunayn ibn Ish\u0323a\u0304q al-\u02bbIba\u0304di\u0304, was a physician in Baghdad, better known in the West as Joannitius. He translated many Greek works, especially those of Galen, into Arabic.\u00a0 The <em>Isagoge<\/em> was an important text for the study of medicine in the medieval university and this copy includes glosses\u2014handwritten annotations added in the margins\u2014that provide additional commentary on the text.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_21077\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21077\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"21077\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2021\/05\/06\/an-articella-in-catalan-1475\/catalan-articella-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?fit=1139%2C1530&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1139,1530\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Catalan Articella\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>The glosses, annotations added in the margins, provide commentary on the text.<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101770638<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?fit=223%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?fit=762%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-21077\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?resize=300%2C403&ssl=1\" alt=\"Two columns of handwritten text in Catalan with headings and notes in the margin.\" width=\"300\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?resize=762%2C1024&ssl=1 762w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?resize=223%2C300&ssl=1 223w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?resize=768%2C1032&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?resize=840%2C1128&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Catalan-Articella-3-1189321758-1620403641505.jpg?w=1139&ssl=1 1139w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21077\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The glosses, annotations added in the margins, provide commentary on the text.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/?term=101770638\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101770638<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The <em>Isagoge<\/em> is a collection of brief summaries written to provide an overview of Galenic medicine.\u00a0 It begins with an explanation of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/shakespeare\/fourhumors.html\">four humors<\/a> of the human body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile).\u00a0 Illness was thought to be caused when there was an imbalance of these humors.\u00a0 How the humors relate to the elements of the physical world, and influences of the outside world on the human body, including air and the seasons, are also presented.\u00a0 The texts conclude with sections on fevers, abscesses, and the types of diseases that affect the human body, starting with general ailments and then moving to more specific maladies.<\/p>\n<p>This manuscript also includes short treatises on diagnosis by uroscopy and by the pulse.\u00a0 The last item in the manuscript is a collection of nine medical recipes.<\/p>\n<p><em>Access to this title is provided through <a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.nlm.nih.gov\">LocatorPlus<\/a>, the Library\u2019s online catalog.\u00a0 For questions about this title and other historical collections, including how to consult them, please contact the History of Medicine Division Reference staff <\/em><em>at <\/em><a href=\"\/\/support.nlm.nih.gov\/ics\/support\/KBList.asp?folderID=150&from=\"><em>NLM Customer Support<\/em><\/a><em> or call (301) 402-8878.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Margaret Kaiser is<\/em> <em>Acquisitions Librarian for the Rare Books and Early Manuscripts Section in the History of Medicine Division at the National Library of Medicine.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Margaret Kaiser ~ The National Library of Medicine recently acquired a rare manuscript related to the Ancient Greek physician<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":21081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"An Articella in Catalan, 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