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{"id":19956,"date":"2020-10-29T11:00:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T15:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=19956"},"modified":"2024-12-12T12:52:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-12T17:52:10","slug":"whats-behind-the-mask","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/29\/whats-behind-the-mask\/","title":{"rendered":"What’s Behind the Mask"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Elizabeth Mullen ~<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19981\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19981\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19981\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/29\/whats-behind-the-mask\/attachment\/101435427\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?fit=938%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"938,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"What’s Behind the Mask\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Behind the Mask, 1851<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101435427<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?fit=235%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?fit=800%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-19981\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?resize=235%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A man kneels at the feet of a woman holding a beautiful mask over a skeletal face while cupids look on.\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?resize=235%2C300&ssl=1 235w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?resize=800%2C1024&ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?resize=768%2C983&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?resize=840%2C1075&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435427.jpg?w=938&ssl=1 938w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19981\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behind the Mask, 1851<br \/><em><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101435427\">National Library of Medicine #101435427<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>As the end of October approaches many people begin to think about <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2014\/10\/31\/costume-conundrum\/\">costumes<\/a>. A Halloween mask could frighten your friends, hide your identity, or help you pretend to be someone or something you are not.<\/p>\n<p>This Halloween, choosing the right mask\u00a0and wearing it properly is especially important for public health and safety.<\/p>\n<p>While there are many kinds of cultural masks\u2014for ceremony, art, or entertainment\u2014there is another important category of masks: protective equipment for health and safety. The collections of the National Library of Medicine include a variety of images depicting people using this category of masks in a variety of historical contexts.<\/p>\n<p>Protective masks have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npptl\/Respiratory-Protection-history.html\">a long history<\/a>. For centuries people employed masks of various kinds to protect against occupational and environmental dust, smoke, and toxic materials. In the 17th century <a href=\"https:\/\/wellcomecollection.org\/articles\/XvBkkhAAACIAu44I\">Charles De Lorme<\/a> is reputed to have developed the now <a href=\"https:\/\/publicdomainreview.org\/collection\/plague-doctor-costumes\">widely recognized<\/a> plague doctor personal protective equipment (PPE) suit with its distinctive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC226297\/?page=8\">beak shaped mask<\/a>. Cholera epidemics in the 18th century prompted caricatures of the measures people took to ward off the infection. The end of the 19th century brought great leaps in <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2014\/01\/24\/beer-yeast-and-louis-pasteur\/\">understanding about microorganisms<\/a> but it <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2013\/07\/16\/how-to-prevent-the-bubonic-plague-2\/\">took some time<\/a> for knowledge to be converted into practice. Even the <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2013\/09\/04\/the-president-is-somewhat-restless-languishing\/\">best medical care of 1881<\/a> took insufficient care of infection.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/29\\\/whats-behind-the-mask\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 563px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"563\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 248px; height: 563px;\" data-original-width=\"248\" data-original-height=\"563\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/29\/whats-behind-the-mask\/attachment\/101435718\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"244\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"372\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19982\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435718.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"788,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"A Highly Recognizable Figure\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435718.jpg?fit=197%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435718.jpg?fit=672%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435718.jpg?w=244&h=372&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435718.jpg?w=788&ssl=1 788w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435718.jpg?resize=197%2C300&ssl=1 197w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435718.jpg?resize=672%2C1024&ssl=1 672w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101435718.jpg?resize=768%2C1170&ssl=1 768w\" width=\"244\" height=\"372\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"244\" data-original-height=\"372\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"A Highly Recognizable Figure\" alt=\"Person wearing a hat, a mask suggestive of a bird beak, goggles or glasses, and a long gown.\" style=\"width: 244px; height: 372px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Plague Doctor, ca 1650 National Library of Medicine #101435718 <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2013\/09\/04\/the-president-is-somewhat-restless-languishing\/agnew_garfield_bliss\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"244\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"183\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1721\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/agnew_garfield_bliss.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}\" data-image-title=\"Agnew | Garfield | Bliss\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/agnew_garfield_bliss.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/agnew_garfield_bliss.jpg?fit=840%2C630&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/agnew_garfield_bliss.jpg?w=244&h=183&ssl=1\" width=\"244\" height=\"183\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"244\" data-original-height=\"183\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Agnew | Garfield | Bliss\" alt=\"Portraits of Agnew and Bliss look in on the scene of Garfield on his sickbed\" style=\"width: 244px; height: 183px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Dr. D. Hayes Agnew, President Garfield on his sickbed, Dr. D. Willard Bliss National Library of Medicine #b01104, #a012838, #b026279 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 592px; height: 563px;\" data-original-width=\"592\" data-original-height=\"563\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/29\/whats-behind-the-mask\/attachment\/101448015\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"588\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"559\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19986\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1263,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Portrait of a Cholera Prevention Man\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?fit=300%2C285&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?fit=840%2C798&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?w=588&h=559&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?w=1263&ssl=1 1263w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?resize=300%2C285&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?resize=1024%2C973&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?resize=768%2C730&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?resize=1200%2C1140&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101448015.jpg?resize=840%2C798&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"588\" height=\"559\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"588\" data-original-height=\"559\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Portrait of a Cholera Prevention Man\" alt=\"A man is wearing and carrying various protective measures against cholera, from a steaming pot on his head, to a face mask, to large protective devices for his feet.\" style=\"width: 588px; height: 559px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Portrait eines Cholera Pra\u0308servativ Mannes, 1927 Print from an 18th century etching National Library of Medicine #101448015 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>Around the turn of the 20th century the respiratory infection <a href=\"https:\/\/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/09\/16\/tb-sanitorium-and-preventorium\/\">tuberculosis<\/a> was a <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/01\/31\/collecting-data-about-tuberculosis-ca-1900\/\">leading cause of death<\/a> and a lot of research was being conducted on <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2015\/03\/24\/world-tuberculosis-day\/\">what caused it<\/a> and how it spread. When the 1918 influenza appeared, face masks were one of the public health measures recommended by officials. Increasingly health care workers began to regularly rely on masks to prevent infection and by 1935 most American <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7255306\/\">surgeons were using cloth masks<\/a> of some kind in the operating room. Today surgical masks are intrinsic to the representation of a surgeon.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/29\\\/whats-behind-the-mask\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 418px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"418\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 649px; height: 418px;\" data-original-width=\"649\" data-original-height=\"418\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/101724673\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"645\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"414\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19976\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1028\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Maskless Surgury, 1910\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?fit=300%2C193&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?fit=840%2C540&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?w=645&h=414&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?resize=300%2C193&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?resize=1024%2C658&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?resize=768%2C493&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?resize=1536%2C987&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?resize=1200%2C771&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101724673.jpg?resize=840%2C540&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"645\" height=\"414\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"645\" data-original-height=\"414\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Maskless Surgury, 1910\" alt=\"A postcard with a photograph of an operating room, people wear aprons and caps but not masks.\" style=\"width: 645px; height: 414px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Physicians and Nurses with Patient in Operating Room, 1910 National Library of Medicine #101724673 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 191px; height: 418px;\" data-original-width=\"191\" data-original-height=\"418\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/101456108\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"187\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"276\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19989\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101456108.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"815,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Risk Level\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101456108.jpg?fit=204%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101456108.jpg?fit=695%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101456108.jpg?w=187&h=276&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101456108.jpg?w=815&ssl=1 815w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101456108.jpg?resize=204%2C300&ssl=1 204w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101456108.jpg?resize=695%2C1024&ssl=1 695w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101456108.jpg?resize=768%2C1131&ssl=1 768w\" width=\"187\" height=\"276\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"187\" data-original-height=\"276\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Risk Level\" alt=\"A poster in polish illustrated with an abstract image of a surgeon in cap and mask.\" style=\"width: 187px; height: 276px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Stopien\u030c Ryzyka National Library of Medicine #101456108 <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/101743405x33\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"187\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"134\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"20060\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1144\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Masked Surgury in 1935\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?fit=300%2C215&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?fit=840%2C600&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?w=187&h=134&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?resize=300%2C215&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?resize=1024%2C732&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?resize=768%2C549&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?resize=1536%2C1098&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?resize=1200%2C858&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101743405X33.jpg?resize=840%2C601&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"187\" height=\"134\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"187\" data-original-height=\"134\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Masked Surgury in 1935\" alt=\"A gorup of people watch a surgical proceedure, everyone wears masks, gowns and caps.\" style=\"width: 187px; height: 134px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Michael DeBakey Observing Surgery at the Leriche Clinic in Strasbourg, France, 1935 National Library of Medicine #101743405X33 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>This period also saw a focus on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/npptl\/Respiratory-Protection-history.html\">occupational safety<\/a> masks and ventilators. Chemical warfare in The Great War drove use of <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/10\/04\/gassed\/\">gas masks<\/a> for soldiers (and horses) in the military. (The war also drove research in plastic surgery and facial prosthetics, usually <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/04\/04\/world-war-i-centenary-forum-masking-devastation\/\">painted copper masks<\/a> to cover scars received in battle.)<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/29\\\/whats-behind-the-mask\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 159px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"159\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 352px; height: 159px;\" data-original-width=\"352\" data-original-height=\"159\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/29\/whats-behind-the-mask\/25921140r_feature\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"348\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"155\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"20037\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"25921140R_feature\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg?fit=300%2C133&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg?fit=840%2C373&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg?w=348&h=155&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg?w=900&ssl=1 900w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg?resize=300%2C133&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg?resize=768%2C341&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg?resize=840%2C373&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"348\" height=\"155\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"348\" data-original-height=\"155\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"25921140R_feature\" alt=\"A drawing of a person in a gas mask surrounded by smoke.\" style=\"width: 348px; height: 155px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 210px; height: 159px;\" data-original-width=\"210\" data-original-height=\"159\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2014\/08\/05\/plastic-reconstruction-of-the-face-1918\/plasticrecon9\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"206\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"155\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4694\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/plasticrecon9.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"846,635\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Painting the Prosthetic\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/9513117<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/plasticrecon9.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/plasticrecon9.jpg?fit=840%2C630&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/plasticrecon9.jpg?w=206&h=155&ssl=1\" width=\"206\" height=\"155\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"206\" data-original-height=\"155\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Painting the Prosthetic\" alt=\"In front of a wall covered in masks a woman paints a mask worn by a man.\" style=\"width: 206px; height: 155px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Plastic Reconstruction of Face <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 278px; height: 159px;\" data-original-width=\"278\" data-original-height=\"159\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/101594332\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"274\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"155\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19974\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,904\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"A Difficult Work Environment\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?fit=300%2C170&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?fit=840%2C475&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?w=274&h=155&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?resize=300%2C170&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?resize=1024%2C579&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?resize=768%2C434&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?resize=1536%2C868&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?resize=1200%2C678&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101594332.jpg?resize=840%2C475&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"274\" height=\"155\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"274\" data-original-height=\"155\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"A Difficult Work Environment\" alt=\"Nurses and patients ourdoors wearing gas masks.\" style=\"width: 274px; height: 155px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Nurses in Gas Masks at the Trenches, Germany, 1916 National Library of Medicine #101594332 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>By the1970s expanding industry and the labor rights movement brought about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/laws-regs\/oshact\/completeoshact\">Occupational Safety and Health Act<\/a> (OSHA) to address the need for safety in the workplace, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/personal-protective-equipment\">PPE<\/a>. Today,\u00a0 occupational safety masks are an ordinary part of many people’s work lives. In October 2020, masks are a common feature of our lives and an important tool to help slow the spread\u00a0of COVID-19.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/29\\\/whats-behind-the-mask\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 724px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"724\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 270px; height: 724px;\" data-original-width=\"270\" data-original-height=\"724\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/101556869\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"266\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"362\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19969\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"883,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Disinfect!\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg?fit=221%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg?fit=753%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg?w=266&h=362&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg?w=883&ssl=1 883w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg?resize=221%2C300&ssl=1 221w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg?resize=753%2C1024&ssl=1 753w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg?resize=768%2C1044&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101556869.jpg?resize=840%2C1142&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"266\" height=\"362\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"266\" data-original-height=\"362\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Disinfect!\" alt=\"Three people in long white coats with masks over their mouths are cleaning and disinfecting a room. The window is open and sunshine is pouring in.\" style=\"width: 266px; height: 362px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Disinfect the patient’s room thoroughly before others move in, 1953 National Library of Medicine #101556869 <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/25910860r\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"266\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"354\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"19977\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"901,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"25910860R\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?fit=225%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?fit=769%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?w=266&h=354&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?w=901&ssl=1 901w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?resize=225%2C300&ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?resize=769%2C1024&ssl=1 769w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?resize=768%2C1023&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?resize=600%2C800&ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?resize=300%2C400&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?resize=150%2C200&ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25910860R.jpg?resize=840%2C1119&ssl=1 840w\" width=\"266\" height=\"354\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"266\" data-original-height=\"354\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"25910860R\" alt=\"Cover illustrated with a poster of a sailor holding a mask.\" style=\"width: 266px; height: 354px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Recommended Respiratory Protective Devices, 1944 National Library of Medicine #25910860R <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 570px; height: 724px;\" data-original-width=\"570\" data-original-height=\"724\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/29\/whats-behind-the-mask\/101447105-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"566\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"720\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"20092\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101447105-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"788,1002\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Industry\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101447105-1.jpg?fit=236%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101447105-1.jpg?fit=788%2C1002&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101447105-1.jpg?w=566&h=720&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101447105-1.jpg?w=788&ssl=1 788w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101447105-1.jpg?resize=236%2C300&ssl=1 236w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/101447105-1.jpg?resize=768%2C977&ssl=1 768w\" width=\"566\" height=\"720\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"566\" data-original-height=\"720\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Industry\" alt=\"A man wearing goggles, a respirator, and heavy gloves is using a mechanical power driven grinding wheel.\" style=\"width: 566px; height: 720px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> A Man Using a Grinding Wheel National Library of Medicine #101447105 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>Perhaps this Halloween you’ll want to stay home in front of the TV and find out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0562996\/\">what’s behind this mask<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Explore more images of medical masks in <a href=\"https:\/\/collections.nlm.nih.gov\/?f%5Bdrep2.format%5D%5B%5D=Still+image&q=mask&search_field=all_fields\">NLM Digital Collections<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>As you plan for the holiday, <\/em><em>be sure to read and follow <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.cdc.gov\/publichealthmatters\/2019\/10\/halloweentips\/\">guidelines for Halloween<\/a> offered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and, as always, follow the main CDC guidance on masks to help slow the spread of COVID-19.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2542\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2013\/08\/28\/mccr-was-there\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg?fit=468%2C525&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"468,525\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"ADR6400L","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1334829743","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.57","iso":"100","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","latitude":"43.044116666667","longitude":"-87.915772222222"}\" data-image-title=\"Elizabeth A. Mullen\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg?fit=267%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg?fit=468%2C525&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2542\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/beth-in-milwaukee_crop.jpg?resize=67%2C86\" alt=\"Photo of Elizabeth Mullen outside in front of a building.\" width=\"67\" height=\"86\" \/><\/a>Elizabeth A. Mullen is Manager of Web Development and Social Media in the History of Medicine Division at the National Library of Medicine.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Elizabeth Mullen ~ As the end of October approaches many people begin to think about costumes. A Halloween mask<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":20037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"What's Behind the Mask\r\n#histmed #halloween","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,4940351],"tags":[678875829,136219,6168,462705,28006,57544],"class_list":["post-19956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-prints-photographs","tag-covid-19","tag-epidemic","tag-halloween","tag-occupational-health","tag-public-health","tag-surgery"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/25921140R_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-5bS","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19956"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51333,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19956\/revisions\/51333"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |