1 line
No EOL
26 KiB
Text
1 line
No EOL
26 KiB
Text
{"id":19906,"date":"2020-10-08T11:00:19","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T15:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=19906"},"modified":"2024-10-21T11:06:44","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T15:06:44","slug":"the-sulfonamide-revolution-and-childrens-health-care-delivery-in-the-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/08\/the-sulfonamide-revolution-and-childrens-health-care-delivery-in-the-us\/","title":{"rendered":"The Sulfonamide Revolution and Children\u2019s Health Care Delivery in the U.S."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Cynthia Connolly, PhD, RN, FAAN, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=35410\"><em>will speak<\/em><\/a><em> on Thursday, October 15, 2020 at 2:00 PM ET. This program will be <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=35410\"><em>live-streamed<\/em><\/a><em> globally, and <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/PastEvents?c=221\"><em>archived<\/em><\/a><em>, by <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/\"><em>NIH VideoCasting<\/em><\/a><em>. Dr. Connolly is Professor of Nursing, Rosemarie B. Greco Endowed Term Chair in Advocacy, and Associate Director, Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing<\/em>. Circulating Now<em> interviewed her about her upcoming talk.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Circulating Now:<\/strong> Tell us a little about yourself. Where are you from? What do you do? What is your typical workday like?<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Cynthia-Connolly_tb.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19237\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/06\/02\/when-people-are-data-how-medical-history-matters-for-our-digital-age\/lectures-cynthia-connolly_tb\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Cynthia-Connolly_tb.jpg?fit=133%2C200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"133,200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Cynthia Connolly\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Cynthia-Connolly_tb.jpg?fit=133%2C200&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Cynthia-Connolly_tb.jpg?fit=133%2C200&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-19237\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/lectures-Cynthia-Connolly_tb.jpg?resize=133%2C200&ssl=1\" alt=\"A photogrpah of a white woman.\" width=\"133\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a>Cynthia Connolly: <\/strong>I am from Camp Hill, PA (a small town outside of Harrisburg). I have been a pediatric nurse for 40 years and have worked in settings ranging from neonatal intensive care to pediatric primary care\u00a0 In the early 1990s, I returned to get a PhD in nursing history and the history of health care because I could not figure out how it was that we had built a health care system that seemed to work so inefficiently and so poorly for so many children.\u00a0 After completing a dissertation on the history of children and tuberculosis (a study that ultimately became my first book) I served as a Legislative Fellow in the office of the late Senator from Minnesota, Paul Wellstone.\u00a0 In my role as a professor at Penn\u2019s nursing school, I teach nursing to undergraduate students, mentor doctoral students, and teach a history of health care elective course.\u00a0 I also try and bring my clinical, policy, and historical backgrounds together in my role as a Faculty Director at Penn\u2019s Field Center for Policy, Practice, and Research.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CN:<\/strong> Your upcoming talk is titled \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=35410\">New Drugs, Old Problems: The Sulfonamide Revolution and Children\u2019s Health Care Delivery in the United States, 1933\u20131949<\/a>.\u201d What are sulfonamides and how were they developed?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19921\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19921\" style=\"width: 203px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19921\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/08\/the-sulfonamide-revolution-and-childrens-health-care-delivery-in-the-us\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?fit=3785%2C5583&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"3785,5583\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Testing Vaccines and Serums for Purity and Potency, ca. 1930<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101447513<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?fit=203%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?fit=694%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-19921\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?resize=203%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A man in an apron works with test tubes and syringes.\" width=\"203\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?resize=203%2C300&ssl=1 203w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?resize=694%2C1024&ssl=1 694w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?resize=768%2C1133&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?resize=1041%2C1536&ssl=1 1041w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?resize=1388%2C2048&ssl=1 1388w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?resize=1200%2C1770&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?resize=840%2C1239&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?w=1680&ssl=1 1680w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101447513-img.jpg?w=2520&ssl=1 2520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19921\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Testing Vaccines and Serums for Purity and Potency, ca. 1930<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101447513\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101447513<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>CC:<\/strong> Until the advent of the synthetic organic compounds known as the sulfonamides in the mid-1930s, the treatment for infectious disease, where one existed, was known as serum therapy. Its administration could be challenging and the outcomes were often poor. Serum worked in one of two ways: Some, such as diphtheria antitoxin, worked against the poisons produced in the body by bacteria, others contained antibodies that destroyed the bacteria itself. The production of antibacterial serum therapy was labor intensive and expensive: First, it required a laboratory for identification of the bacteria afflicting the ill person. Next, a skilled technician needed to inoculate an animal with the bacteria (typically horses or rabbits), then harvest the resulting antibodies they developed from the liquid portion of blood, which would then be injected into the child to help fight the infection. Additionally, the serum was highly perishable and often produced serious side effects, including fever, joint pain, rash, and even fatal allergic reactions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CN:<\/strong> Your focus here is on child health, did the treatment have a particular impact on children?<\/p>\n<p><strong>CC:<\/strong> Because serum was administered subcutaneously, intravenously, or injected into the spine, it was an uncomfortable procedure. The treatment also posed challenges unique to the pediatric patient. Its administration almost certainly frightened young children who could not understand what was happening to them, which undoubtedly would be upsetting to their parents as well. Moreover, infants and very young children who experienced an allergic reaction to serum could become critically ill much more rapidly than adults. Their smaller blood vessels also made serum administration more challenging than for adults.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19919\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19919\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Syddenham1_08_11.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19919\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/08\/the-sulfonamide-revolution-and-childrens-health-care-delivery-in-the-us\/1024px-syddenham1_08_11\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1024px-Syddenham1_08_11.jpg?fit=1024%2C683&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,683\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Sydenham Hospital for Communicable Diseases\" data-image-description=\"<p>1024px-Syddenham1_08_11<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Main hospital building of the Sydenham Hospital for Communicable Diseases in Baltimore, Maryland, 2011<br \/>\nCourtesy Frederic C. Chalfant<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1024px-Syddenham1_08_11.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1024px-Syddenham1_08_11.jpg?fit=840%2C560&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-19919 size-full\" title=\"Wikimedia Commons\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1024px-Syddenham1_08_11.jpg?resize=840%2C560&ssl=1\" alt=\"Photograph of the front of an abandoned large brick building with boarded up windows on the ground floor.\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1024px-Syddenham1_08_11.jpg?w=1024&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1024px-Syddenham1_08_11.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1024px-Syddenham1_08_11.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/1024px-Syddenham1_08_11.jpg?resize=840%2C560&ssl=1 840w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19919\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Main hospital building of the Sydenham Hospital for Communicable Diseases in Baltimore, Maryland, 2011<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Syddenham1_08_11.jpg\"><em>Courtesy Frederic C. Chalfant<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>CN:<\/strong> Why did the introduction of a new drug have such an impact on the way Baltimore\u2019s Sydenham Hospital cared for patients?<\/p>\n<p><strong>CC:<\/strong> Great question! As I hope to explain in my talk, first and foremost the availability of sulfa drugs meant that many children who would have died survived. Everyone celebrated this of course, but a seemingly unanticipated consequence in the short term was that this outcome increased the pace and intensity of medical and nursing work because youngsters remained critically ill for days, sometimes weeks.<\/p>\n<p>The ways in which the sulfonamides altered the care of children with infectious diseases at Sydenham, for example, was dramatic. While nurses prepared serum for administration and assisted physicians in its once-a-day infusion for these two conditions, sulfonamides could be taken orally (the preferred route of administration). So getting the drug into children every three to four hours became a nursing responsibility as did administering bicarbonate to prevent acidosis.\u00a0 For children too young or too sick to swallow pills, nurses ground them up and mixed them with fluid or honey to get the patients to swallow the medication. If children refused some of the medication or vomited after administration, nurses needed to calculate how much they had received and administer the rest of the dose.\u00a0 A particular challenge, the patient records reveal, was ascertaining whether the clinical response to the drug was a sign of toxicity or a drug reaction, both of which were common side effects to sulfonamide treatment. Or was the drug just not working for that bacteria? Nurses had always observed children for the side effects of serum so monitoring children who received sulfa drugs was <em>not<\/em> a new demand. What <em>was<\/em> new was the level of detail and clinical acumen required to perform that monitoring and the nursing assessment afterwards in terms of trying to unravel whether negative reaction the infection or the drug side effects.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19920\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/08\/the-sulfonamide-revolution-and-childrens-health-care-delivery-in-the-us\/picture1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?fit=960%2C448&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"960,448\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Finding Aid\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?fit=300%2C140&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?fit=840%2C392&ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19920\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?resize=840%2C392&ssl=1\" alt=\"Screen capture of the online finding aid for the Sydenham Hospital Records collection at the National Library of Medicine.\" width=\"840\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?w=960&ssl=1 960w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?resize=300%2C140&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?resize=768%2C358&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?resize=600%2C280&ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Picture1.jpg?resize=840%2C392&ssl=1 840w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>CN: <\/strong>What is special for you about working with the pediatric patient records in the <a href=\"https:\/\/findingaids.nlm.nih.gov\/repositories\/4\/resources\/723\">Sydenham Hospital, Baltimore records, 1909-1962<\/a> collection?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_19922\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19922\" style=\"width: 192px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"19922\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2020\/10\/08\/the-sulfonamide-revolution-and-childrens-health-care-delivery-in-the-us\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?fit=2122%2C3308&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2122,3308\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Nurse Holding a Young Child, ca. 1940<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101625300<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?fit=192%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?fit=657%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-19922\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?resize=192%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"Postcard featuring a black and white photograph of a nurse in a cap and apron holding a young child.\" width=\"192\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?resize=192%2C300&ssl=1 192w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?resize=657%2C1024&ssl=1 657w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?resize=768%2C1197&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?resize=985%2C1536&ssl=1 985w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?resize=1314%2C2048&ssl=1 1314w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?resize=1200%2C1871&ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?resize=840%2C1309&ssl=1 840w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/nlm_nlmuid-101625300-img.jpg?w=1680&ssl=1 1680w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19922\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nurse Holding a Young Child, ca. 1940<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101625300\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101625300<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>CC:<\/strong> With patient records you can see nursing and medical care \u201con the ground\u201d as it is happening and as clinicians try and figure out how to experiment with novel therapies in order to save children\u2019s lives.\u00a0 And you can see their joy and amazement when children who would have died survive and thrive.\u00a0 As a nurse, I can relate to that and I really feel it connects me to my forebears.<\/p>\n<p>And you can also see, in granular detail, how the sulfonamides began a transformation that continued with penicillin. Along with improved public health measures, they helped change American childhood, parenting, and societal expectations for child well-being in the United States.<\/p>\n<h3>Watch on YouTube<\/h3>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NLM History Lecture - New Drugs, Old Problems\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BTOuff-Of8U?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Cynthia Connolly\u2019s presentation is part of our <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/lectures\/\"><em>NLM History Talks<\/em><\/a><em>, which promote awareness and use of the National Library of Medicine and other historical collections for research, education, and public service in biomedicine, the social sciences, and the humanities. All talks are <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/watch=35410\"><em>live-streamed<\/em><\/a><em> globally, and subsequently archived, by <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/PastEvents.asp?c=221\"><em>NIH VideoCasting<\/em><\/a><em>. Stay informed about the lecture series on Twitter at <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/NLMHistTalk?src=hash&lang=en\"><em>#NLMHistTalk<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>Circulating Now<\/em> interviewed Cynthia Connolly, PhD, RN, FAAN, about her NLM History Talk. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":19923,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Cynthia Connolly of @PennNursing will speak 10\/15\/20 at @nlm_news via global vidocast on \"New Drugs, Old Problems: The Sulfonamide Revolution and Children\u2019s Health Care Delivery in the United States, 1933\u20131949\" #NLMHistTalk #histmed","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[42333869,12763,51014,103],"tags":[15833,1343,38746,11788,5711,7193],"class_list":["post-19906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives-manuscripts","category-collections","category-guests","category-news","tag-antibiotics","tag-children","tag-hospitals","tag-interview","tag-nlmhisttalk","tag-nursing"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/01625300_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-5b4","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19906"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27476,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19906\/revisions\/27476"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19923"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |