1 line
No EOL
14 KiB
Text
1 line
No EOL
14 KiB
Text
{"id":16351,"date":"2019-05-09T11:00:27","date_gmt":"2019-05-09T15:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=16351"},"modified":"2024-10-09T14:14:43","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T18:14:43","slug":"trapping-mosquitoes-at-home","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2019\/05\/09\/trapping-mosquitoes-at-home\/","title":{"rendered":"Trapping Mosquitoes at Home"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Circulating Now welcomes guest blogger, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acls.org\/fellow-grantees\/ashley-e-bowen\/\">Ashley Bowen<\/a>, PhD. Dr. Bowen is a Mellon\/ACLS Public Fellow and the Digital Engagement Manager at the Science History Institute in Philadelphia. She is the guest curator of NLM\u2019s exhibition<\/em>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/politicsofyellowfever\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Politics of Yellow Fever in Alexander Hamilton\u2019s America<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Mosquitoes, those irritating visitors to the backyard and itchy interlopers at the summer fireworks display, threatened the American way of life. At least, that’s what mosquito control boards wanted people to believe in the early 20th century. Their education materials reminded people that mosquitoes were more than an annoyance, they <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/8800171A\">“stole time” and “stole life”<\/a> by spreading diseases like yellow fever, malaria, and dengue fever. Everyone, including children and stay at home moms, had a role to play in protecting their home from the mosquito menace.<\/p>\n<p>Two different mosquito control education materials, issued almost 20 years apart, highlight how efforts to control mosquitoes focused as much on health and the environment as on the middle-class household. Officials at the local and federal level focused on the careless homeowner as the weak link in mosquito protection and prepared children to be careful about their home\u2019s environment.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16363\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16363\" style=\"width: 399px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-facts-for-mosquito-fighters_101247933.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"16363\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2019\/05\/09\/trapping-mosquitoes-at-home\/mosquito-facts-for-mosquito-fighters_101247933\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-facts-for-mosquito-fighters_101247933.jpg?fit=798%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"798,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Mosquito Facts for Mosquito Fighters\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101247933<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Mosquito Facts for Mosquito Fighters, Chicago Sanitary District Board of Trustees, 1926<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101247933<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-facts-for-mosquito-fighters_101247933.jpg?fit=200%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-facts-for-mosquito-fighters_101247933.jpg?fit=681%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\" wp-image-16363\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-facts-for-mosquito-fighters_101247933.jpg?resize=399%2C600&ssl=1\" alt=\"Book cover.\" width=\"399\" height=\"600\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16363\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Mosquito Facts for Mosquito Fighters<\/em>, Chicago Sanitary District Board of Trustees, 1926<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101247933\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101247933<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Board of Trustees of the Sanitary District of Chicago issued <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101247933\"><em>Mosquito Facts for Mosquito Fighters<\/em><\/a> in 1926. They intended that \u201cthe boys and girls of Cook County\u201d would take up the information in this pamphlet and make an effort to control mosquitoes at their home and in their neighborhood. The pamphlet opens with an overview of the mosquito\u2019s lifecycle, in the style of a schoolbook, and then explains how mosquitoes can \u201ccause nations to decay.\u201d America\u2019s ability to control the mosquito in Panama, Cuba, and elsewhere was a victory for human health and the nation.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the pamphlet\u2019s focus on the global consequences of mosquitoes, it assures readers that local action can prevent this \u201cnational decay.\u201d Lesson 10, titled \u201chow boys and girls can help,\u201d explains that most mosquitoes are born in suburban areas. The booklet then offers several examples of actions children can take. <em>Mosquito Facts for Mosquito Fighters<\/em> explicitly connected the mosquito fighting work to efforts to prepare children for middle class homeownership. In a short write up of the efforts of the Boy Scouts, the authors of the pamphlet praised the effectiveness of their work and celebrated it because, \u201cas homeowners of tomorrow,\u201d their vigilance will pay dividends decades into the future.<\/p>\n<p>Nineteen years later, in 1945, the United States Public Health Service produced a short film documenting a successful mosquito control campaign in Tampa, Florida. <em><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/8800171A\">It’s Up to You: Dengue-Yellow Fever Control<\/a><\/em> highlights the importance of instructing the \u201ccooperative housewife\u201d who may not know that mosquitoes can breed in her potted plants or in the rubbish collecting water in her backyard. Tampa dispatched Boy Scouts to instruct women on mosquito control across the city\u2014as the film\u2019s narrator says, \u201canother house, another boy scout, another housewife\u201d\u2014as well as to empty discarded tires full of standing water and other manual labor.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"It's Up to You: Dengue-Yellow Fever Control (USPHS, 1945)\" width=\"840\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/86iAVs_NM-A?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<figure><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16363\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>It’s Up To You: Dengue-Yellow Fever Control<\/em>, Office of Malaria Control in War Areas, United States, 1945<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/8800171A\"><em>National Library of Medicine #8800171A<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Both <em>Mosquito Facts for Mosquito Fighters <\/em>and <em>It\u2019s Up To You <\/em>described a variety of methods to engage local residents, including outreach via newspaper and radio broadcasting, but highlighted the value of engaging children through educational programs, scouting groups, and sporting groups (like the Chicago-area golf clubs). Though the film is less explicit about connecting kids\u2019 mosquito control efforts to preparing children for homeownership and middle-class life, it celebrated the responsible homeowner who earned a merit award for mosquito control efforts. Each item promotes a specific view of American culture, one based on ownership of a middle-class, single family home.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/digitalgallery.nlm.nih.gov\/gallery\/10\/browse\/page\/1\/?imgName=001-OB12668-sm\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"16364\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2019\/05\/09\/trapping-mosquitoes-at-home\/mosquito-in-biting-position_101405744\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-in-biting-position_101405744.jpg?fit=1200%2C956&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,956\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Mosquito-in-biting-position_101405744\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101405744<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Mosquito in Biting Position<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101405744<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-in-biting-position_101405744.jpg?fit=300%2C239&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-in-biting-position_101405744.jpg?fit=840%2C669&ssl=1\" class=\"alignright wp-image-16364\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/mosquito-in-biting-position_101405744.jpg?resize=199%2C158&ssl=1\" alt=\"Mosquito in biting position.\" width=\"199\" height=\"158\" \/><\/a>Both items are available to view in the <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalgallery.nlm.nih.gov\/gallery\/10\/browse\/page\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">digital gallery<\/a> for the exhibition <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/politicsofyellowfever\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Politics of Yellow Fever in Alexander Hamilton\u2019s America<\/em><\/a>. The digital gallery extends the story of yellow fever in the United States into the era after Walter Reed confirmed that mosquitoes spread yellow fever. In the 20th century, Americans tried many different things to control mosquito populations\u2014from changing the landscape to chemical insecticides. You can learn about all these efforts in the exhibition\u2019s digital gallery.<\/p>\n<p><em>To learn more about yellow fever in the period before Walter Reed confirmed the disease is spread by mosquitoes, read an <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2019\/01\/17\/politics-of-yellow-fever-in-alexander-hamiltons-america\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview with Ashley Bowen<\/a>. Also check out <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/exhibition\/politicsofyellowfever\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Politics of Yellow Fever in Alexander Hamilton\u2019s America<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mosquito control education materials from the early 20th century\u2014from changing the landscape to chemical insecticides.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57991628,"featured_media":16365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Trapping Mosquitoes at Home - mosquito control education materials from the early 20th century.","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,2029,1359464,51014,347145303],"tags":[273907,8055,490,136219,47693,678875792,546948],"class_list":["post-16351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-exhibitions","category-films-videos","category-guests","category-rare-books-journals","tag-1900s","tag-america","tag-animals","tag-epidemic","tag-mosquitoes","tag-politics-of-yellow-fever-in-alexander-hamiltons-america","tag-yellow-fever"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/trapping-mosquitos-at-home_101405744_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-4fJ","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57991628"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16351"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37751,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16351\/revisions\/37751"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |