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{"id":15585,"date":"2018-12-06T11:00:24","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T16:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=15585"},"modified":"2024-10-21T10:59:21","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T14:59:21","slug":"from-discovery-to-digital-science-the-u-s-national-library-of-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/12\/06\/from-discovery-to-digital-science-the-u-s-national-library-of-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"From Discovery to Digital Science: The U.S. National Library of Medicine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Susan Crawford ~<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15586\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15586\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/john_t_brundage.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15586\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/12\/06\/from-discovery-to-digital-science-the-u-s-national-library-of-medicine\/john_t_brundage\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/john_t_brundage.jpg?fit=900%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"900,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"2.4","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1386237680","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.12","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.033333333333333","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"John_T_Brundage\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Dr. John T. Brundage<br \/>\nCourtesy of John T. Brundage III<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/john_t_brundage.jpg?fit=225%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/john_t_brundage.jpg?fit=768%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15586\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/john_t_brundage.jpg?resize=225%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A halftone print of a photographic portrait of man in a suit and tie.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15586\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. John T. Brundage<br \/><em>Courtesy of John T. Brundage III<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>My grandfather, John T. Brundage, MD was the only doctor in Moscow, Pennsylvania, a community of about 1000 people.\u00a0 Practicing medicine in the 1940s, he carried a black bag, looked for symptoms of illness, prescribed treatment, and on occasion delivered babies on a kitchen table.\u00a0 As an eight-year old, I sometimes tagged along and shared a thermos of hot soup which his wife prepared for him while he drove his big Cadillac and did house calls. If there were a problem, he might contact the local medical society library where the staff would eyeball lists of terms in the printed <em>Index Medicus <\/em>and send him a package of articles by mail. Forty years later, after grandfather had long passed away, his successor would meet patients in a large medical complex with specialists, machines, allied health assistants, and online access to world medical information.<\/p>\n<p>The biomedical communication system in America <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/11\/09\/150-for-medical-books-180-years-later\/\">began in 1836<\/a> with a small a collection of books in the <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/07\/13\/new-history-of-the-nlm-origins-and-early-years\/\">Library of the Surgeon General’s Office<\/a>. Under the jurisdiction of the Army, the library was of low priority during the first World War, the Great Depression and the Second World War. Dr. Michael DeBakey, world renowned pioneer in cardiovascular surgery, witnessed the deplorable physical condition of the library. The building had so deteriorated that staff had to place tarpaulin over the book stacks when it rained. Thus began <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/03\/16\/michael-e-debakey-and-the-national-library-of-medicine\/\">Dr. DeBakey’s over thirty-year effort<\/a> navigating the byzantine path of federal politics and promoting support to develop a national library of medicine. After decades of effort among devoted leaders of the medical profession, federal commissions and task forces, a bill was introduced in 1956 and <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/07\/27\/new-history-of-the-nlm-a-new-name-and-a-new-home\/\">signed into law<\/a> by President Eisenhower to create the National Library of Medicine (NLM).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12092\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12092\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/hon-consultants-1950-101414318.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12092\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/07\/27\/new-history-of-the-nlm-a-new-name-and-a-new-home\/hon-consultants-1950-101414318\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/hon-consultants-1950-101414318.jpg?fit=2400%2C1883&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2400,1883\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Honorary consultants to the Army Medical Library\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101414318 <\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Known as honorary consultants to the Library, this volunteer group of physicians, medical educators, and librarians advised the Library\u2019s leadership from 1945 to 1953. Pictured around 1950 are, from left to right, (first row) Col. Joseph H. McNinch, MD, director, Army Medical Library 1946\u20131949; Wilburt C. Davison, MD, founding dean of the School of Medicine of Duke University and its first chair of pediatrics; Morris Fishbein, MD, editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association from 1924 to 1950; and Chauncey D. Leake, MD, pharmacologist, vice president, and dean of the University of Texas medical school; (second row) Edward H. Cushing, MD, clinical professor of medicine at Western Reserve University; Adm. George W. Calver, MD, attending physician to the US Congress from 1928 to 1966; Robert M. Stecher, MD, rheumatologist, medical library and museum advocate, and rare book collector; Thomas E. Keys, MD, assistant librarian at the Army Medical Library from 1942 to 1946 and subsequently librarian of the Mayo Clinic Library; Michael E. DeBakey, MD, vascular surgeon and chair of surgery at Baylor Medical College; and Maj. Frank B. Rogers, MD, director of the Army Medical Library from 1949 to 1963.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/hon-consultants-1950-101414318.jpg?fit=300%2C235&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/hon-consultants-1950-101414318.jpg?fit=840%2C659&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-12092 size-large\" title=\"Dr. Debakey, top row, second from the right.\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/hon-consultants-1950-101414318.jpg?resize=840%2C659&ssl=1\" alt=\"Black and white photograph of honorary consultants.\" width=\"840\" height=\"659\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12092\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Known as <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101414318\">Honorary Consultants to the Army Medical Library<\/a>, this volunteer group of physicians, medical educators, and librarians advised the Library\u2019s leadership from 1945 to 1953. Dr. DeBakey is pictured here with the group (top row, second from the right) around 1950 when he was a vascular surgeon and chair of surgery at Baylor Medical College. <br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101414318\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101414318<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15593\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15593\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/a017563.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15593\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/12\/06\/from-discovery-to-digital-science-the-u-s-national-library-of-medicine\/a017563\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/a017563.jpg?fit=1664%2C1145&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1664,1145\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Lister Hill Center for Biomedical Communications\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Lister Hill Center building under construction, ca. 1968<br \/>\nNational Library of Medicine #101446214<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/a017563.jpg?fit=300%2C206&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/a017563.jpg?fit=840%2C578&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15593\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/a017563.jpg?resize=300%2C206&ssl=1\" alt=\"The National Library of Medicine building with the high rise Lister Hill Center under construction behind it.\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15593\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lister Hill Center for Biomedical Communications building under construction, ca. 1968<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101446214\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101446214<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The period following World War II brought vast accomplishments in science and technology and the computer revolution.\u00a0 The broad scope of biomedical research ushered in a new era of molecular biology which would redefine the understanding of human medicine.\u00a0 Discovery of the DNA structure by James Watson and Francis Crick meant probing the biology of the cell and how genetic information is communicated.\u00a0 To address the huge volume of data that would be created, Dr. Donald A.B. Lindberg extended the NLM sphere beyond traditional publication databases to encompass a whole new category of information: biotechnology data. Its <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/08\/02\/new-history-of-the-nlm-celebrating-150-years-of-public-service-and-looking-to-the-future\/\">National Center for Biotechnology Information<\/a> developed an integrated information system to connect and access information from research data, clinical and public health data as well as publications. As we enter the digital era, NLM is working on a system with a common architecture, an infrastructure, and new tools to support investigators, health care professionals and the public.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Brundage and his colleagues would certainly be amazed at this new world of managing the flow of information to serve health needs of the nation.<\/p>\n<p><em>Susan Crawford, Ph.D.<span style=\"font-size:13pt;font-family:'Arial', sans-serif;color:#303030;\"><em>,<\/em> is Professor and Director emeritus of the Biomedical Communications Center, Washington University School of Medicine. She was an NLM Michael E. DeBakey Fellow in the History of Medicine in 2018. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>We invite interested individuals to learn more about the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/get-involved\/debakey-fellowship.html\">Michael E. DeBakey Fellowship<\/a> program and about the new group of 2019 Fellows, which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/news\/NLM_Announces_2019_DeBakey_Fellows.html\">was announced<\/a> December 4, 2018.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Susan Crawford ~ My grandfather, John T. Brundage, MD was the only doctor in Moscow, Pennsylvania, a community of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":15594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"2018 Michael E. DeBakey Fellow Susan Crawford reviews NLM history and DeBakey's support of the Library.","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[42333869,12763,51014],"tags":[1342,1753209,58980,668,57544,943,24285634],"class_list":["post-15585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives-manuscripts","category-collections","category-guests","tag-education","tag-michael-e-debakey","tag-fellowship","tag-research","tag-surgery","tag-training","tag-veterans-association"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/101446214_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-43n","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15585"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15604,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15585\/revisions\/15604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |