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{"id":15177,"date":"2018-09-20T11:00:25","date_gmt":"2018-09-20T15:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=15177"},"modified":"2023-05-25T15:11:03","modified_gmt":"2023-05-25T19:11:03","slug":"the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/","title":{"rendered":"The Forgotten Frontier: Nursing Done in Wild Places"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Emma Carter ~<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15192\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15192\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_2.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15192\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/8211678_2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_2.jpg?fit=1600%2C1097&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1097\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"8211678_2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Photo by Marvin Breckinridge, 1937. Published in Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service, by Mary Breckinridge. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1981. Original edition 1952.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_2.jpg?fit=300%2C206&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_2.jpg?fit=840%2C576&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-15192 size-medium\" title=\"Where do babies come from?\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_2.jpg?resize=300%2C206&ssl=1\" alt=\"A baby wrapped in a blanket in a saddlebag.\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15192\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Saddlebag Baby, 1937<br \/><em>Photo by Marvin Breckinridge. Published in <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/8211678\">Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service<\/a><em>, by Mary Breckinridge. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1981. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/234522\">Original edition 1952<\/a>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cWhere do babies come from?\u201d Children have been asking this question for as long as humankind has populated the Earth, and parents have offered many answers: I found her in a cabbage patch, God sent him, the stork dropped by. For many decades, the most likely answer given by mothers and fathers in the Appalachian hills of Leslie County, Kentucky was…the ladies from the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS). The proof is in the picture, a swaddled newborn tucked in a saddlebag.<\/p>\n<p>The FNS was more than just a cute reply to inquisitive children. Launched in 1925 in Leslie County, the service delivered thousands of babies over many decades in remote hill country where people were poor and doctors were scarce. By the 1980s, the number of births in Leslie County had dropped significantly, but show that 95 percent of the 20,000 births since the 1920s had taken place without a doctor in attendance, with an infant mortality rate consistently below state and national averages.<\/p>\n<p>Fourteen years after FNS began its work, its founder, Mary Breckenridge, started the Frontier Graduate School of Midwifery, sending its graduates all over the country to assist underserved communities. The graduate school evolved into <a href=\"https:\/\/frontier.edu\/\">Frontier Nursing University<\/a>, still operating in Kentucky today.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15191\" style=\"width: 308px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15191\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/8211678_1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_1.jpg?fit=826%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"826,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"8211678_1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Photo by Marvin Breckinridge, 1937. Published in Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service, by Mary Breckinridge. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1981. Original edition 1952.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_1.jpg?fit=207%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_1.jpg?fit=705%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-15191\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_1.jpg?resize=308%2C447&ssl=1\" alt=\"Photograph of a woman in uniform on a horse in a rural setting.\" width=\"308\" height=\"447\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Breckinridge, 1937<br \/><em>Photo by Marvin Breckinridge. Published in <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/8211678\">Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service<\/a><em>, by Mary Breckinridge. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1981. Original edition 1952.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Mary was born in 1881, in Memphis, Tennessee, to a wealthy family of statesmen\u2014including members of Congress, ambassadors, and a U.S. vice-president, her grandfather John C. Breckinridge. She also suffered great loss, including the deaths of a husband and two children. These experiences, combined with an interest in infant care and a thirst for adventure, led her to service in France post-World War I, then midwifery training in England, and eventually back to Appalachia to serve the communities there. She gave back as much as she was given.<\/p>\n<p>In 1923, Mary undertook, on horseback, an information-gathering trip to assess the availability and skills of midwives in three Kentucky counties (Leslie, Knott, and Owsley), and to determine what they and the childbearing women they served most needed. NLM holds Mrs. Breckinridge\u2019s original manuscript, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/101175890\">Midwifery in the Kentucky Mountains: An Investigation<\/a>, <\/em>and it makes for remarkable reading. Included in the manuscript is a data table listing the age, birthplace, literacy status, number of years in practice, cleanliness, and number of children reared for each practicing midwife in the region to whom Mary was able to speak.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/20\\\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 250px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"250\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 179px; height: 250px;\" data-original-width=\"179\" data-original-height=\"250\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/101175890_page_01\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"175\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"246\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15215\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_01.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"854,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"101175890_Page_01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_01.jpg?fit=214%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_01.jpg?fit=729%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_01.jpg?w=175&h=246&ssl=1\" width=\"175\" height=\"246\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"175\" data-original-height=\"246\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"101175890_Page_01\" alt=\"Blue cardstock cover of Midwifery in the Kentucky Mountains: An Investigation manuscript by Mary Breckinridge\" style=\"width: 175px; height: 246px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 179px; height: 250px;\" data-original-width=\"179\" data-original-height=\"250\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/101175890_page_03\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"175\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"246\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15216\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_03.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"854,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"101175890_Page_03\" data-image-description=\"<p>In the late summer of 1923 I undertook an investigation of midwives in certain selected mountain counties of Kentucky. Leslie, Knott and Owsley were chosen for this purpose. Their area is 373, 348 and 216 square miles respectively, and their population is 10,097, ll,655 and 7,820. The largest places in each are the county seats — Hyden with 313 souls, Hindman with 467 and Booneville with 243, respectively. None are on a rail- road and in none have the coal mines, the vast industrial power in Kentucky, yet been developed. On one edge of Knott county only (the Carr’s Fork section) have a few mines been opened up and a branch railroad has penetrated about eight miles. Nor are any of these counties connected with the outside world us yet by automobile roads — but in Leslie and Owsley such roads leading to heir county seats are actually under construction. The customary ode of travel, and often.the only possible one, is on horseback over such roads or trails as exist, through the creek beds, up the branches, over the gaps and ridges of the mountains.\u00b7<br \/> The topography of all three counties is somewhat similar. Leslie and Owsley have each a fork of the Kentuclcy River travers\u00ading their length, and Leslie and Knott are both more walled in, with steeper mountains and narrower valleys, tho.n any part of Owsley but the eastern end. It has been said that there is not enough level land in Leslie for a tennis court, but a golf course<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_03.jpg?fit=214%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_03.jpg?fit=729%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_03.jpg?w=175&h=246&ssl=1\" width=\"175\" height=\"246\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"175\" data-original-height=\"246\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"101175890_Page_03\" alt=\"Typed first page of Midwifery in the Kentucky Mountains: An Investigation manuscript by Mary Breckinridge\" style=\"width: 175px; height: 246px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 179px; height: 250px;\" data-original-width=\"179\" data-original-height=\"250\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/101175890_page_55\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"175\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"246\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15217\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_55.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"854,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"101175890_Page_55\" data-image-description=\"<p>It is not the purpose of this report to “point the moral” of the data collected. I had been less than human if I had not pondered the problem, as I unraveled the facts, and sought its solution. Finding and applying it will undoubtedly be the work of many people and much time. None the less the story of t my fifty-three midwives will not have ended until that solution has been reached and applied.<br \/> [signed] Mary Breckinridge<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_55.jpg?fit=214%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_55.jpg?fit=729%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_55.jpg?w=175&h=246&ssl=1\" width=\"175\" height=\"246\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"175\" data-original-height=\"246\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"101175890_Page_55\" alt=\"Typed last page of Midwifery in the Kentucky Mountains: An Investigation manuscript signed by Mary Breckinridge\" style=\"width: 175px; height: 246px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 303px; height: 250px;\" data-original-width=\"303\" data-original-height=\"250\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/101175890_page_57\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"299\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"246\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15218\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_57.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1456,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"101175890_Page_57\" data-image-description=\"<p>Columns of data headed: county; age; birthplace; marriage status; number children born; number children reared; literacy; number years of practice; cleanliness; eye prophylaxis<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_57.jpg?fit=300%2C247&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_57.jpg?fit=840%2C692&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/101175890_page_57.jpg?w=299&h=246&ssl=1\" width=\"299\" height=\"246\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"299\" data-original-height=\"246\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"101175890_Page_57\" alt=\"Typed data table regarding maternal statistics from Midwifery in the Kentucky Mountains: An Investigation manuscript by Mary Breckinridge\" style=\"width: 299px; height: 246px;\" \/> <\/a> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>How did I myself learn about the FNS? I was lucky enough to work with a primary source, the film <em><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/8600028A\">The Forgotten Frontier<\/a><\/em>. Interning at the National Library of Medicine during summer 2018, I was tasked with determining the copyright status of films that had been most frequently requested by library patrons over the last two decades. I watched part of each film to see if it had a copyright symbol and did further research to determine whether or not the title was in the public domain. <em>The Forgotten Frontier<\/em> made my list, and once I began watching it, I did not stop until I\u2019d seen the entire picture. I started my research after the final scene rolled, trying to learn the story behind the film and its galloping, seemingly fearless nurses.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Forgotten Frontier [Silent] (Frontier Nursing Service, Inc., 1931)\" width=\"840\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PtK3QsFpm6M?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>The Forgotten Frontier<\/em> was conceived when Mrs. Breckinridge was searching for a new way to promote the FNS and decided a motion picture was the modern answer. The film was written, produced, and directed by Mary \u201cMarvin\u201d Breckinridge, Mrs. Breckinridge\u2019s young cousin who was studying cinematography at the time. Marvin adopted a traditionally male name to ease into the male-dominated journalism profession and was known as a world-class photographer, cinematographer, and journalist during the 1930s. She did everything for the movie\u2014managed the natural \u201csets,\u201d filmed on foot and on horseback, organized the people in the scenes, and edited the film. The only assistance she had was a courier who helped to carry her equipment. The people in the film are actual FNS nurses and their patients, and most of them acted in scenes that told their own stories. In a 1984 documentary, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/?term=8800413A\"><em>Frontier Nursing<\/em><\/a>, Marvin was interviewed about the making of The Forgotten Frontier and said that the people needed little direction and were all very natural; they had never seen a motion picture before and therefore did not imitate actors.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/20\\\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 507px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"507\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 498px; height: 507px;\" data-original-width=\"498\" data-original-height=\"507\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/8211678_5\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"494\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"503\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15195\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_5.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1178,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Young Patients\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_5.jpg?fit=295%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_5.jpg?fit=840%2C856&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_5.jpg?w=494&h=503&ssl=1\" width=\"494\" height=\"503\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"494\" data-original-height=\"503\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Young Patients\" alt=\"Three children patients of varying ages pass time in a room.\" style=\"width: 494px; height: 503px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Photo by Marvin Breckinridge, 1937. Published in Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service, by Mary Breckinridge. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1981. Original edition 1952. <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 342px; height: 507px;\" data-original-width=\"342\" data-original-height=\"507\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/8211678_4\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"338\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"266\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15194\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_4.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1526,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Rural Transportation\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_4.jpg?fit=300%2C236&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_4.jpg?fit=840%2C661&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_4.jpg?w=338&h=266&ssl=1\" width=\"338\" height=\"266\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"338\" data-original-height=\"266\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Rural Transportation\" alt=\"A woman in a nurse uniform holding a baby sits in a small flat wooden boat with a boy on a bed while a man rows.\" style=\"width: 338px; height: 266px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Photo by Marvin Breckinridge, 1937. Published in Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service, by Mary Breckinridge. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1981. Original edition 1952. <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/boy-getting-shot\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"338\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"233\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15187\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/boy-getting-shot.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1564,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Getting Vaccinated\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/boy-getting-shot.jpg?fit=300%2C207&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/boy-getting-shot.jpg?fit=840%2C580&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/boy-getting-shot.jpg?w=338&h=233&ssl=1\" width=\"338\" height=\"233\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"338\" data-original-height=\"233\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Getting Vaccinated\" alt=\"A boy recieves a vaccination from a nurse outdoors.\" style=\"width: 338px; height: 233px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Still from The Forgotten Frontier, 1931 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p><em>The Forgotten Frontier<\/em> shows the work of the nurses and the living conditions and needs of the Kentucky mountain people. There are scenes of a nurse racing to a mother in labor and of men and a nurse carrying an injured man for 16 miles on a makeshift stretcher fashioned from wood that was chopped on the scene and lined with men\u2019s jackets. All of the scenes in the movie are true stories, and my favorite is the inoculation of the schoolchildren. Two nurses arrive at the schoolhouse to give the children vaccinations against diseases common in Leslie County. All the children are gathered outside, ready for the nurses to do their work, when a teacher appears. As bold as brass, she says to her students, \u201cYou don\u2019t want to be inoculated, do you, children? IT HURTS!\u201d The camera cuts to the children, who have all gone rather still, and they all begin to shake their heads and say \u201cNo-o-o.\u201d The nurses cajole them, and finally a little boy is brave enough to declare, \u201cI\u2019ll be second if somebody else will be first.\u201d Following that bold statement, a father, who was standing with the parents behind the children, came forward and said he would be the first. After the parent and the little boy accepted their shots, the rest of the children fell in line and everyone was inoculated\u2026except the teacher.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/20\\\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 292px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"292\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 420px; height: 292px;\" data-original-width=\"420\" data-original-height=\"292\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/fording-the-river\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"416\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"288\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15186\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fording-the-river.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1563,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Fording the River\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fording-the-river.jpg?fit=300%2C207&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fording-the-river.jpg?fit=840%2C580&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/fording-the-river.jpg?w=416&h=288&ssl=1\" width=\"416\" height=\"288\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"416\" data-original-height=\"288\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Fording the River\" alt=\"A woman rides a horse, shoulder deep in a river.\" style=\"width: 416px; height: 288px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Still from The Forgotten Frontier, 1931 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 420px; height: 292px;\" data-original-width=\"420\" data-original-height=\"292\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/riding-at-night\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"416\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"288\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15188\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/riding-at-night.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1562,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Niding at Night\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/riding-at-night.jpg?fit=300%2C207&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/riding-at-night.jpg?fit=840%2C581&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/riding-at-night.jpg?w=416&h=288&ssl=1\" width=\"416\" height=\"288\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"416\" data-original-height=\"288\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Niding at Night\" alt=\"Avery dark scene of a rider on a horse carrying a flaming torch.\" style=\"width: 416px; height: 288px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Still from The Forgotten Frontier, 1931 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>The extraordinary abilities of the nurses were shown throughout the film. The women had to ride in rough, mountainous terrain during all kinds of weather. They had to ford rivers\u2014horses swimming through water up to their necks. They rode at night with torches by their sides, the only way to light the path to a family in need. <em>The Forgotten Frontier<\/em> shows it all, and the dedication of the Frontier Nursing Service to its work and patients is evident throughout the reels. The stirring story of their service made it to the big screen, premiering in New York City in 1931. The film would go on to play for the rest of the decade until 1939, when it was last shown in a private viewing. <em>The Forgotten Frontier<\/em> is a wonderful, moving piece of cinema that demonstrates the care and skill the FNS offered to the people of Kentucky. These fortunate people had one person to thank above all for this beloved service, and her name was Mrs. Mary Breckinridge.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15193\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_3.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15193\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/8211678_3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_3.jpg?fit=1600%2C1068&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1068\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Healthcare in the Community\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Photo by Marvin Breckinridge, 1937. Published in Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service, by Mary Breckinridge. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1981. Original edition 1952.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_3.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_3.jpg?fit=840%2C561&ssl=1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15193\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/8211678_3.jpg?resize=840%2C561&ssl=1\" alt=\"Four men carry a child on a metal frame bed out of a building, a nurse carrying a baby follows.\" width=\"840\" height=\"561\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Photo by Marvin Breckinridge, 1937. Published in <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nlmcatalog\/?term=8211678\">Wide Neighborhoods: A Story of the Frontier Nursing Service<\/a><em>, by Mary Breckinridge. Lexington KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1981. Original edition 1952.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: black;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/emma-carter1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15213\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/09\/20\/the-forgotten-frontier-nursing-done-in-wild-places\/emma-carter\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/emma-carter1.jpg?fit=1200%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"2.8","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 7 Plus","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1521130936","copyright":"","focal_length":"6.6","iso":"50","shutter_speed":"0.016666666666667","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Emma-Carter\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/emma-carter1.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/emma-carter1.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-15213\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/emma-carter1.jpg?resize=100%2C100&ssl=1\" alt=\"An informal portrait of a young woman outdoors.\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/a>Emma Carter is a junior at Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi. She is a history major and museum studies minor. She interned in the Historical Audiovisuals program during summer 2018.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Emma Carter ~ \u201cWhere do babies come from?\u201d Children have been asking this question for as long as humankind<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":15208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"The Forgotten Frontier: Nursing Done in Wild Places - A 1931 silent film about the Frontier Nursing Service in Appalachia","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,1359464],"tags":[24739,12297,59349,36893,7193,52877],"class_list":["post-15177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-films-videos","tag-1930s","tag-internship","tag-kentucky","tag-midwifery","tag-nursing","tag-vaccine"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/forgotten-frontier_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-3WN","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15177"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26774,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15177\/revisions\/26774"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |