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{"id":14984,"date":"2018-08-07T11:00:47","date_gmt":"2018-08-07T15:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=14984"},"modified":"2018-09-04T12:52:13","modified_gmt":"2018-09-04T16:52:13","slug":"edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/","title":{"rendered":"Edward Jenner and “the happy immunity”"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Aliya Rahman ~<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>August is back-to-school month. While many of us are booking last-minute vacations or scrambling to purchase tickets to that almost-sold-out concert, some of us are headed to the doctor\u2019s office as part of our back-to-school preparations, because August is also National Immunization Awareness Month.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/events\/niam.html\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15019\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/print\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/logo_main.jpg?fit=250%2C150&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"250,150\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"Print","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"National Immunization Awareness Month\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/logo_main.jpg?fit=250%2C150&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/logo_main.jpg?fit=250%2C150&ssl=1\" class=\"alignright wp-image-15019 size-full\" title=\"National Immunization Awareness Month\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/logo_main.jpg?resize=250%2C150&ssl=1\" alt=\"NIAM Logo.\" width=\"250\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>National Immunization Awareness Month is a month-long observance, sponsored by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nphic.org\/\">National Public Health Information Coalition<\/a> (NPHIC), put in place to emphasize the importance of <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/tag\/vaccine\/\">vaccination<\/a> for not only children, but people of all ages. However, this importance is not always recognized.<\/p>\n<p>Vaccination is a public health practice that has a history of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyofvaccines.org\/content\/articles\/history-anti-vaccination-movements\">recurring controversy<\/a>, as we can learn from The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The public has often had trouble putting their trust into something as counter intuitive as giving yourself the germs you\u2019re trying to protect yourself from. However, vaccination has been possible for over 200 years, and learning about the history of immunization may enrich our understanding of the benefits of this widespread medical practice.<\/p>\n<p>There are a variety of resources right here at the National Library of Medicine that provide an abundance of information on the topic of immunization, including books and other materials about the initial discovery of vaccination.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15017\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15017\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner_101419674.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"15017\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/jenner_101419674\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner_101419674.jpg?fit=2228%2C2976&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2228,2976\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Edward Jenner\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101419674<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Edward Jenner, 1749-1823<br \/>\nNLM #101419674<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner_101419674.jpg?fit=225%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner_101419674.jpg?fit=767%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15017\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner_101419674.jpg?resize=225%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A vignette drawing of a young man.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-15017\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edward Jenner, 1749-1823<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101419674\"><em>National Library of Medicine #101419674<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1200696\/\">Edward Jenner<\/a> (1749\u20131823), an English surgeon and scientist, has been credited with this discovery. By the 18th century, smallpox had already wreaked havoc on mankind for hundreds of years. In 1798, Jenner privately published a book, titled <em><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.nlm.nih.gov\/bookviewer?PID=nlm:nlmuid-2559001R-bk#page\/1\/mode\/2up\">An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae: a disease discovered in some of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the cow pox<\/a><\/em>, in which he documents his groundbreaking discovery concerning cowpox and its relation to smallpox.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14995\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14995\" style=\"width: 164px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner-inquiry-2559001r.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14995\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/jenner-inquiry-2559001r\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner-inquiry-2559001r.jpg?fit=655%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"655,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Jenner-Inquiry-2559001R\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2559001R<br \/>\nAN INQUIRY INTO THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS<br \/>\n OF THE<br \/>\n VARIOLM VACCINAE,<\/p>\n<p> A DISEASE<br \/>\nDiscovered in some of the western counties<br \/>\n of England,<br \/>\n PARTICULARLY GLOUCESTERSHIRE,<br \/>\n And known by the name of<\/p>\n<p>THE COW POX.<br \/>\nBy EDWARD JENNER,m.d. f. r.s. &amp;c.<br \/>\n —Quid nobis certus ipsis<br \/>\n Sensibus esse potest, quo vera ac falfsa notemus.<br \/>\n LUCRETIUS.<br \/>\nFROM THE SECOND LOXDON EDITION.<br \/>\n SPRINGFIELD :<br \/>\nRe-printed for Dr. SAMUEL COOLEY,<br \/>\n BY ASHLEY &amp; BREWER,<\/p>\n<p> 1802<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae…,1802<br \/>\nNLM #2559001R<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner-inquiry-2559001r.jpg?fit=164%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner-inquiry-2559001r.jpg?fit=559%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-14995\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/jenner-inquiry-2559001r.jpg?resize=164%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A titlepage.\" width=\"164\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14995\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae…,1802<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2559001R\"><em>National Library of Medicine <\/em><em>#2559001R<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In his book, Jenner wrote that cowpox is a disease transmitted from horses to cows and \u201cappears on the nipples of cows in the form of irregular pustules.\u201d Eventually, these pustules will degenerate into \u201cphagedenic ulcers.\u201d As a result, milkmaids\u2014due to their proximity to the cows\u2014ended up contracting the illness as well. They suffered from \u201cinflamed spots\u201d on different parts of their hands, which eventually led to tumors in their armpits. Symptoms included shivering, overheating, quickened pulse, vomiting, and pain throughout the limbs. However miserable this may sound, Jenner observed that the contraction of this illness was not so unfortunate after all. These milkmaids, after recovering, developed antibodies that not only made them immune to cowpox, but to smallpox as well. Cowpox is a much milder version of smallpox, and Jenner concluded that to prevent smallpox, one must <em>purposely <\/em>infect themselves with cowpox. Thus, this procedure of immunization through inoculation was introduced and named \u201cvaccination\u201d\u2014derived from the Latin word for cow, \u201c<em>vacca<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 1806, a group of physicians in Philadelphia published a pamphlet titled <em><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.nlm.nih.gov\/bookviewer?PID=nlm:nlmuid-2572002R-bk#page\/14\/mode\/2up\">Smallpox destroys, vaccination saves, the lives of thousands<\/a><\/em>, in support of Jenner’s work and the vaccination procedure urging medical establishments and the public to adopt this practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/07\\\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 705px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"705\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 432px; height: 705px;\" data-original-width=\"432\" data-original-height=\"705\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/title_2572002r\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"428\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"701\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14994\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/title_2572002r.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"733,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Introduction\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2572002R<br \/> THE following facts are chiefly extracted frorn^NiLt i<br \/> a late work published in London in favour of Vaccina-<br \/> tion ; they are submitted to the serious consideration of<br \/> every person, who may think the preservation of human<br \/> life an object worthy of attention.<\/p> <p> The Small Pox we are informed from the best au-<br \/> thorities, destroys, annually, in Great Britain alone, be-<br \/> tween forty and fifty thousand lives; or, throughout the<br \/> habitable globe, twenty millions of people, exclusive of<br \/> those who perish from the enfeebled state of the system,<br \/> produced by this formidable disease.<\/p> <p> Some tolerable idea may be formed of the ravages<br \/> committed by the Small Pox, by examining the bills of<br \/> mortality: for in London, where the climate is temperate,<br \/> the disease well known, and the treatment of the sick<br \/> very ably conducted, two or three thousand persons, ac-<br \/> cording to Baron Dimsdale, annually perish.<\/p> <p> So great was the epidemic rage of the Small Pox at<br \/> Paris, in 1723, says Voltaire, that upwards of twenty<br \/> thousand persons perished by it in that city alone.<br \/> A<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/title_2572002r.jpg?fit=183%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/title_2572002r.jpg?fit=625%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/title_2572002r.jpg?w=428&h=701&ssl=1\" width=\"428\" height=\"701\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"428\" data-original-height=\"701\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Introduction\" alt=\"Printed page with title and introductory text.\" style=\"width: 428px; height: 701px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Small pox destroys, vaccination saves, the lives of thousands, 1806 NLM #2572002R <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 408px; height: 705px;\" data-original-width=\"408\" data-original-height=\"705\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/table_2572002r\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"404\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"701\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14993\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/table_2572002r.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"692,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Table of Mortality figures\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/2572002R<br \/> The following annual statement of deaths by the<br \/> Small Pox within the London bills of mortality, in the<br \/> present century, has lately been published by the Jenne-<br \/> rian Society of that city,<\/p> <p> A. D. 1800…….%. . . 2409 deaths,<br \/> 1801………..1461<br \/> 1802………..1579<br \/> 1803………..1173<br \/> 1804 . . . ‘…….. 622<\/p> <p> As the society remarks, it is hoped the knowledge<br \/> of these facts will be strongly promotive of the beneficial<br \/> practice of Vaccine inoculation j it appearing that the fatal<br \/> disease of Small Pox has progressively declined as the<br \/> inestimable discovery of Dr. Jenner has been introduced.<\/p> <p> Vaccination was introduced into Vienna in 1801.<br \/> Its effects in decreasing the deaths by Small Pox are evi-<br \/> dent from comparing the deaths since that period with<br \/> those of the preceding years.<br \/> In 1800………….835 died of Small Pox,<br \/> 1801………….164<br \/> 1802………….61<br \/> 1803………….27<br \/> 1804………….2 only<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/table_2572002r.jpg?fit=173%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/table_2572002r.jpg?fit=591%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/table_2572002r.jpg?w=404&h=701&ssl=1\" width=\"404\" height=\"701\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"404\" data-original-height=\"701\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Table of Mortality figures\" alt=\"A page of text with mortality statistics from London and Vienna showing the decrease in Small Pox deaths from 1800 to 1804\" style=\"width: 404px; height: 701px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Small pox destroys, vaccination saves, the lives of thousands, 1806 NLM #2572002R <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>In 1882, Charles A. Lindsley, a professor at Yale, published a paper, <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/64921160R\"><em>Vaccination<\/em><\/a>, because he felt the need to “state, in brief and plain language, what vaccination has done for the human race and how it can be employed most safely and effectively.”<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vaccination-64921160r.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14996\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/vaccination-64921160r\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vaccination-64921160r.jpg?fit=696%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"696,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Vaccination-64921160R\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/64921160R<br \/>\nVACCINATION.<br \/>\nBY C. A. LINDSLEY.<br \/>\n It is one of the recognized duties of the State Board of Health<br \/>\nto acquire and diffuse among the people such information concern-<br \/>\ning the care and protection of their health as will be of practical<br \/>\nuse to them.<br \/>\n The fields of study pertaining to public hygiene are wide and<br \/>\nvaried, and among them all there are few, if any, at the present<br \/>\ntime, of greater significance than vaccination. There are few, if<br \/>\nany, topics, which deal with human life at all approximating to<br \/>\nthe importance of this, respecting which there is so much misin-<br \/>\nformation and unfounded prejudice in the public mind.<br \/>\n It is, therefore, an eminently proper subject, upon which the<br \/>\npeople should have correct information, that their unjust preju-<br \/>\ndices may be removed and that they may enjoy the best results of<br \/>\nthis beneficent boon.<br \/>\n It is the purpose of the present paper to state, in brief and plain<br \/>\nlanguage, what vaccination has done for the human race and how<br \/>\nit can be employed most safely and effectively.<br \/>\n In 1798, more than eighty years ago, it was announced by the<br \/>\ngreat Jenner that the inoculation of vaccinia, or cow-pox, in the<br \/>\nhuman subject was a full and sure protection from small.pox.<br \/>\nProbably no single discovery ever made by man has contributed<br \/>\nso much to human longevity. The greatness and value of this<br \/>\nspecific preventive of small-pox can never be successfully contro-<br \/>\nverted.<br \/>\n The claim of Jenner that vaccination is competent to extermi-<br \/>\nnate small-pox and to wipe out from the list of human ills this<br \/>\nloathsome contagion is now established by the verdict of science,<br \/>\nas based on the experience of millions and millions of facts,<br \/>\nnoticed by the best medical observers and thinkers in the world. <\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Vaccination, 1882<br \/>\nNLM #64921160R <\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vaccination-64921160r.jpg?fit=174%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vaccination-64921160r.jpg?fit=594%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"alignright wp-image-14996 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vaccination-64921160r.jpg?resize=87%2C150&ssl=1\" alt=\"An introductory page.\" width=\"87\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>“It is one of the recognized duties of the State Board of Health to acquire and diffuse among the people such information concerning the care and protection of their health as will be of practical use to them….There are few, if any, topics, which deal with human life at all approximating to the importance of this, respecting which there is so much misinformation and unfounded prejudice in the public mind.”<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left:150px;\">\u2014Dr. Charles A. Lindsley, <a href=\"http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/64921160R\">Vaccination<\/a>, 1882<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Dr. Lindsley went on to explain that \u201cno single discovery ever made by man has contributed so much to human longevity\u201d and \u201cthe happy immunity\u201d mankind enjoys \u201cis wholly due to the protective power of vaccination.\u201d Since Jenner\u2019s era, a slew of vaccinations for a variety of different diseases other than smallpox have been introduced, and more are in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niaid.nih.gov\/about\/vrc\">process of being developed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niaid.nih.gov\/research\/what-vaccine\">what is a modern vaccine<\/a>? A vaccine teaches the body\u2019s immune system how to fight an illness so the body never contracts it again. Today, vaccines no longer infect patients with a similar but less lethal disease as they did in the past. Modern vaccines are made from weak or dead germs and are traditionally given by injection. Disease of any kind is prevented because the weakened germs are unable to reproduce and spread throughout the body, while still provoking an immune response from the body. Thus, vaccination, nowadays, poses no risk of infection.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2018\\\/08\\\/07\\\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 419px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"419\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 547px; height: 419px;\" data-original-width=\"547\" data-original-height=\"419\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/101447863_bw2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"543\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"415\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"15000\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447863_bw2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"888,678\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Smallpox\" data-image-description=\"<p>Showing a country doctor, in a farm-house setting, with two women and a baby. The doctor is vaccinating the baby. There is a cat watching from under a table, as well as a cow and a maid peering in through the open door.<br \/> http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101447863<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447863_bw2.jpg?fit=300%2C229&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447863_bw2.jpg?fit=840%2C641&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447863_bw2.jpg?w=543&h=415&ssl=1\" width=\"543\" height=\"415\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"543\" data-original-height=\"415\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Smallpox\" alt=\"A man uses a lancet to vaccinate a baby on a woman's lap in a rustic room, a cow looks in the window.\" style=\"width: 543px; height: 415px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Vaccinating The Baby, 1890 NLM #101447863 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 293px; height: 419px;\" data-original-width=\"293\" data-original-height=\"419\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/attachment\/101437249\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"289\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"200\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14997\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101437249.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1110\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Tuberculosis\" data-image-description=\"<p>A physician is giving an injection to a young child sitting in her mothers lap. Verso: World Health Day 1977- Immunize and protect your child. Prevention is essential to protect life and there is no substitue for vaccination and immunization. National commitment and informed cooperation of the people involved are essential for the success of BCG against childhood tuberculosis. WHO\/17419.<br \/> http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101437249<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101437249.jpg?fit=300%2C208&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101437249.jpg?fit=840%2C583&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101437249.jpg?w=289&h=200&ssl=1\" width=\"289\" height=\"200\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"289\" data-original-height=\"200\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Tuberculosis\" alt=\"A black man gives an injection to an African child with a syringe.\" style=\"width: 289px; height: 200px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Prevention is essential to protect life and there is no substitute for vaccination, and immunization, 1977 Courtesy World Health Organization NLM #101437249 <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/attachment\/101447573\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"289\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"211\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14990\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447573.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1166\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Influenza\" data-image-description=\"<p>Physician gives a young woman an injection in her left arm. Verso: WHO\/15246. EURO-Influenza. Influenza, the first disease to be put under international surveillance by WHO is yielding its secrets. The importance of variants of the influenza virus is in causing epidemics is now better understood. As new forms are identified, vaccines to combat them can be prepares; priority for vaccination is generally given to the old, the young, the chronically ill, and health personnel like this doctor’s assistance in Germany.<br \/> http:\/\/resource.nlm.nih.gov\/101447573<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447573.jpg?fit=300%2C219&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447573.jpg?fit=840%2C612&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447573.jpg?w=289&h=211&ssl=1\" width=\"289\" height=\"211\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"289\" data-original-height=\"211\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Influenza\" alt=\"A man vaccinates a woman with an airgun.\" style=\"width: 289px; height: 211px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Physician’s assistant receives influenza vaccination, 1977 Courtesy World Health Organization NLM #101447573 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>Vaccines play an important role in keeping us healthy, and not only as individuals. When you get vaccinated and develop immunity to certain, sometimes deadly, diseases, the entire population benefits from it. Germs have difficulty spreading when the majority of the population is immune and eventually, the disease may disappear altogether. This concept is called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vaccines.gov\/basics\/work\/protection\/index.html\">herd immunity<\/a>.\u201d Consequently, opting to <em>not <\/em>get vaccinated puts those around you at risk. Germs can travel fast and if enough people are infected, an <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2015\/03\/10\/measles\/\">outbreak can occur<\/a>\u2014endangering everyone. Protect yourself, your loved ones, and the world. Embrace the message of National Immunization Awareness Month: <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2013\/08\/16\/dont-hesitate-vaccinate\/\">get vaccinated<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>NLM and NIH have educational resources available online if you would like to learn more:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/immunization.html\">Immunization<\/a> on MedlinePlus from the National Library of Medicine, NIH<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.niaid.nih.gov\/research\/vaccines\">Vaccines<\/a> from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Visit the National Immunization Awareness Month website (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nphic.org\/niam\">http:\/\/www.nphic.org\/niam<\/a>) to download their toolkits that provide communication tools and important information about recommended vaccines along with other educational resources. Vaccination is important for people of all ages. Get information on specific populations throughout the month:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>August 5-11: Pregnant Women<\/li>\n<li>August 12-18: Babies and Young Children<\/li>\n<li>August 19-25: Preteens and Teens<\/li>\n<li>August 26-31: Adults<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Read Edward Jenner’s seminal work <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.nlm.nih.gov\/bookviewer?PID=nlm:nlmuid-2559001R-bk#page\/1\/mode\/2up\">An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae…<\/a><em> in NLM Digital Collections.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/aliya_rahman.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"14988\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/08\/07\/edward-jenner-and-the-happy-immunity\/aliya_rahman\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/aliya_rahman.jpg?fit=2332%2C3228&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2332,3228\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"5","credit":"","camera":"Canon EOS DIGITAL REBEL XSi","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1526658854","copyright":"","focal_length":"50","iso":"1600","shutter_speed":"0.003125","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Aliya_Rahman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/aliya_rahman.jpg?fit=217%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/aliya_rahman.jpg?fit=740%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-14988\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/aliya_rahman.jpg?resize=72%2C99&ssl=1\" alt=\"Outdoor portait of Aliya Rahman\" width=\"72\" height=\"99\" \/><\/a>Aliya Rahman is a<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em><a href=\"https:\/\/jobs.nih.gov\/vacancies\/student\/default.htm\">Pathways Intern<\/a>\u00a0in the History of Medicine Division at the National Library of Medicine.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Aliya Rahman ~ August is back-to-school month. While many of us are booking last-minute vacations or scrambling to purchase<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":14999,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"August is National Immunization Awareness Month","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12763,347145303],"tags":[9369,9718,146396,28006,73766,52877],"class_list":["post-14984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-collections","category-rare-books-journals","tag-discovery","tag-disease","tag-observances","tag-public-health","tag-smallpox","tag-vaccine"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/101447863_bw_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-3TG","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14984"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15027,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14984\/revisions\/15027"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14999"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |