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{"id":14063,"date":"2018-04-19T14:00:34","date_gmt":"2018-04-19T18:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=14063"},"modified":"2024-10-21T10:59:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T14:59:53","slug":"the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"The Power of A Name: Michael DeBakey and the Changing Business of American Medicine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Andrew Simpson ~<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In a 1994 article titled \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1994\/02\/13\/business\/it-s-a-business-no-it-s-a-religion.html?pagewanted=all\">It\u2019s a Business. No, It\u2019s a Religion<\/a>,\u201d <em>The New York Times<\/em> profiled two of Houston\u2019s most famous cardiac surgeons\u2014Dr. Denton A. Cooley and Dr. Michael E. DeBakey. The article cast each man as an example of a growing divide in American medicine, with Cooley serving as the champion of a more overtly commercialized approach to health care and DeBakey taking up the side of the beleaguered, and seemingly over-regulated, American physician whose practice standards were increasingly dictated by the whims of private insurers and government officials. While the idea that the two bitter rivals were emblematic of a deep division within health care may have made for good copy, it was not necessarily an accurate reflection of how either approached the business of medicine. In fact, despite the public perception of DeBakey as an opponent of medical commercialization, a review of his papers at the National Library of Medicine reveals a more complicated legacy. During the 1990s, DeBakey lent his name to a range of enterprises including new spaces to deliver care and new medical technologies. Examining how not for profit hospitals and for-profit companies sought to use Dr. DeBakey\u2019s endorsement allows historians to understand the evolution of the business of American medicine in the last two decades of the twentieth century.<\/p>\n<h3>Michael DeBakey and the Changing Business of Medicine<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11128\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/fjbbct.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11128\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/03\/09\/intentional-impact-the-legacy-of-michael-e-debakey\/fjbbct\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/fjbbct.png?fit=1600%2C1099&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1600,1099\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"DeBakey and Baylor Staff\" data-image-description=\"<p>fjbbct<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Michael DeBakey with Baylor University surgical staff, 1967<br \/>\nProfiles in Science<br \/>\nCourtesy of Katrin DeBakey<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/fjbbct.png?fit=300%2C206&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/fjbbct.png?fit=840%2C577&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11128\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/fjbbct.png?resize=300%2C206&ssl=1\" alt=\"A group of people in medical clothing pose outdoors.\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael DeBakey with Baylor University surgical staff, 1967<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.nlm.nih.gov\/spotlight\/fj\/catalog\/nlm:nlmuid-101743405X35-img\">NLM Profiles in Science<\/a><br \/><em>Courtesy of Katrin DeBakey<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The medical profession of DeBakey\u2019s youth was dominated by general practitioners and part-time medical educators. In this model, every physician was a businessman. By the time he came to Houston in 1948, the emergence of the postwar academic medical center with its full-time medical faculty and emphasis on specialization was creating a new type of doctor\u2014one that could leave revenue management to others and thereby appear to be above the coarseness of the market. DeBakey, however, was more than just an academic physician. Because of his role as a department chairman and Chancellor of Baylor College of Medicine, he was often forced to confront the role that revenue generation played in shaping medical decision-making. This tension is evident in a 1993 letter from DeBakey to consumer advocate Ralph Nader where he acknowledged a \u201ccommercial factor\u201d that infused modern medical practice while simultaneously decrying the burdens it could place on the activities of individual physicians and medical schools. Despite these concerns, he noted that \u201cthere is much that is right with the American Health System and that should be preserved,\u201d including the market-driven imperatives to find better ways to deliver specialty care to more Americans and to develop new medical technologies.<\/p>\n<h3>Delivering Better Care: The DeBakey Heart Centers<\/h3>\n<p>The line between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24592839\">promoting the profession and promoting the individual<\/a> was often blurry. Positive media coverage was a critical part of how DeBakey\u2019s name acquired commercial value. Each successful, and high-profile, surgery helped transform him from just another doctor into a commodity known for exacting precision in the operating room (both for himself and his associates) and innovation in the laboratory. DeBakey\u2019s reputation, and physical presence, then helped the institutions he was affiliated with, like Houston\u2019s Methodist Hospital, to stand out in an increasingly competitive, and globalizing, health care system. As the financial viability of smaller community hospital was threatened, these institutions also sought ways to differentiate themselves in their respective medical markets. Some followed similar strategies to Methodist\u2019s and sought the endorsement, and involvement, of marquee figures like DeBakey to improve the content and reputation of their specialty surgical programs.<\/p>\n<p>One of the first community hospitals to seek out DeBakey to do this was the Kenosha Hospital and Medical Center in Kenosha, Wisconsin. In September of 1991, hospital CEO Richard Schmidt traveled to Houston to meet with him. According to documents held in the <a href=\"https:\/\/bcmfamily.bcm.edu\/2016\/03\/03\/archives-a-treasure-trove-of-baylor-history\/\">Baylor College of Medicine’s archives<\/a>, DeBakey subsequently connected Schmidt with consultant Ted Bowen, formerly the President of The Methodist Hospital, whose firm conducted a feasibility study and determined that Kenosha was \u201cwell positioned to start a cardiovascular surgical program.\u201d When the board voted in early 1992 to proceed with the program, DeBakey remarked that \u201cYou have done a great thing for your community\u2026your facilities\u2014in particular, your surgical facilities\u2014are absolutely magnificent, in fact, it’s the best we\u2019ve ever seen.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/19\\\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 422px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"422\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 559px; height: 422px;\" data-original-width=\"559\" data-original-height=\"422\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/kenosha-video-4\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"555\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"418\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14232\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-4.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"634,477\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-4.jpg?fit=300%2C226&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-4.jpg?fit=634%2C477&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-4.jpg?w=555&h=418&ssl=1\" width=\"555\" height=\"418\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"555\" data-original-height=\"418\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.\" alt=\"Michael DeBakey appears in the promotional video filmed at the Kenosha Medical Center.\" style=\"width: 555px; height: 418px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Promotional Video by Kenosha Hospital and Medical Center. February 9, 1995. Papers of Michael E. DeBakey, MSC 582, Box 34, FF 1 National Library of Medicine <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 281px; height: 422px;\" data-original-width=\"281\" data-original-height=\"422\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/kenosha-video-7\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"277\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"208\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14230\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-7.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"633,475\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Kenosha Promotional Video\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-7.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-7.jpg?fit=633%2C475&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-7.jpg?w=277&h=208&ssl=1\" width=\"277\" height=\"208\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"277\" data-original-height=\"208\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Kenosha Promotional Video\" alt=\"Promotional Video logo for the Michael E. DeBakey Heart Institute of Wisconsin Kenosha Hospital & Medical Center.\" style=\"width: 277px; height: 208px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Promotional Video by Kenosha Hospital and Medical Center. February 9, 1995. Papers of Michael E. DeBakey, MSC 582, Box 34, FF 1 National Library of Medicine <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/kenosha-video-6\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"277\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"206\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14231\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-6.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"635,473\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Rixhard O. Schmidt Jr. President and CEO of Kenosha Hospital &amp; Medical Center\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-6.jpg?fit=300%2C223&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-6.jpg?fit=635%2C473&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/kenosha-video-6.jpg?w=277&h=206&ssl=1\" width=\"277\" height=\"206\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"277\" data-original-height=\"206\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Rixhard O. Schmidt Jr. President and CEO of Kenosha Hospital & Medical Center\" alt=\"The CEO speaks in the Promotional Video with a portrait of Michael E. DeBakey on the wall of the Center in the background.\" style=\"width: 277px; height: 206px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Promotional Video by Kenosha Hospital and Medical Center. February 9, 1995. Papers of Michael E. DeBakey, MSC 582, Box 34, FF 1 National Library of Medicine <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>DeBakey\u2019s contributions to Kenosha\u2019s program were multifaceted. A 1995 promotional video notes that he helped to design the operating suites and recruited Dr. Robert H. Johnston, Jr. from his Houston-based team to become the chief surgeon for the new heart center. But perhaps his most important contribution was that his endorsement convinced the hospital\u2019s board, and Kenosha residents, that a heart center in the community was worth supporting.<\/p>\n<p>The Hays Medical Center, located in rural Western Kansas, also sought DeBakey\u2019s endorsement for their new heart center. In 1998, representatives from that medical center also made the trip to Houston to learn from DeBakey and Methodist, although this trip now included a delegation from Kenosha, presumably to provide additional advice about developing specialty care lines in smaller markets. After gaining <a href=\"https:\/\/newspaperarchive.com\/tags\/debakey-hmc-site-best\/?pc=12594&psi=41&pci=7&pt=18992\/\">DeBakey\u2019s endorsement<\/a>, both hospitals were able to advertise that their new services had the stamp of approval of the \u201cfather of heart surgery.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What did he get in return? The records are not totally clear. However, an unsigned contract with the Hays Medical Center, held in the\u00a0 Baylor College of Medicine’s archives, hints at some of the benefits and obligations. In return for \u201can annual stipend of $30,000 and other valuable consideration,\u201d DeBakey would agree to not license his name to another hospital in Kansas and would be held harmless for any legal liability incurred by the new heart center. DeBakey also traveled to Kenosha and Hays to promote the creation of each program and to view each facility after it opened.<\/p>\n<h3>Marketing Medical Technology: The DeBakey VAD<\/h3>\n<p>Becoming the public face for new types of medical devices was another way that DeBakey blurred the lines between the perception of an altruistic medical profession and the reality that it was becoming a commercial enterprise. The DeBakey VAD was developed in conjunction with the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and fellow Baylor College of Medicine surgeon <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/03\/16\/michael-e-debakey-and-the-national-library-of-medicine\/\">George Noon<\/a>. The critical factor for the device’s success was its lower weight and innovative pump design which, could, in theory, allow for \u201clong-term implantation\u201d helping it to become a \u201cbridge-to-recovery and as an alternative-to-heart transplant.\u201d\u00a0 This distinction was more than semantic\u2014it was the difference between a market of $255 million or $5.2 billion. This broader reach, was described by one health executive as the \u201choly grail” for VAD usage.\u201d\u00a0 A for-profit company named MicroMed Technology was formed in 1995, and given an exclusive license from both Baylor College of Medicine and NASA to market the device and to conduct additional clinical trials.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/19\\\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 541px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"541\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 420px; height: 541px;\" data-original-width=\"420\" data-original-height=\"541\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/micromed-letter-3\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"416\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"537\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14271\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/micromed-letter3.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"936,1206\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"“Holy Grail” Letter Page 1\" data-image-description=\"<p>“…FDA granted Thoratec an expedited review of theirPMA application, and the FDA review panel recommended approved of the product with certain labeling limitations at ta meeting last week. The alternative to transplant indication is the “holy grail” for VAD usage (estimated addressable total market of $2-4 billion per year). MicroMed is going to file an IDE to start an alternative-to-transplant trial this month and expect to start the trail in the 3rd quarter 2002. The DeBakey VAD clinical results compare very favorably to the results for HeartMate…”<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/micromed-letter3.jpg?fit=233%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/micromed-letter3.jpg?fit=795%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/micromed-letter3.jpg?w=416&h=537&ssl=1\" width=\"416\" height=\"537\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"416\" data-original-height=\"537\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\""Holy Grail" Letter Page 1\" alt=\"A letter related to market values for the MicroMed DeBakey VAD.\" style=\"width: 416px; height: 537px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Letter from Travis E. Baugh to Dr. Michael DeBakey, March 27, 2002 National Library of Medicine Papers of Michael E. DeBakey, MSC 582, Box 8, FF 37 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 420px; height: 541px;\" data-original-width=\"420\" data-original-height=\"541\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/micromed-letter2-3\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"416\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"537\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14272\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/micromed-letter22.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"934,1206\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"“Holy Grail” Letter Page 2\" data-image-description=\"<p>“…FDA granted Thoratec an expedited review of theirPMA application, and the FDA review panel recommended approved of the product with certain labeling limitations at ta meeting last week. The alternative to transplant indication is the “holy grail” for VAD usage (estimated addressable total market of $2-4 billion per year). MicroMed is going to file an IDE to start an alternative-to-transplant trial this month and expect to start the trail in the 3rd quarter 2002. The DeBakey VAD clinical results compare very favorably to the results for HeartMate…”<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/micromed-letter22.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/micromed-letter22.jpg?fit=793%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/micromed-letter22.jpg?w=416&h=537&ssl=1\" width=\"416\" height=\"537\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"416\" data-original-height=\"537\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\""Holy Grail" Letter Page 2\" alt=\"A letter related to market values for the MicroMed DeBakey VAD.\" style=\"width: 416px; height: 537px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Letter from Travis E. Baugh to Dr. Michael DeBakey, March 27, 2002 National Library of Medicine Papers of Michael E. DeBakey, MSC 582, Box 8, FF 37 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>Once again, DeBakey\u2019s role was more than just lending his name and stepping away. Not only did he serve as the chairman of the Medical Advisory Board (also called the Scientific Advisory Committee), and hold a three percent equity stake in MicroMed, he also appeared to be to be actively involved in securing a $500,000 sponsored research contract between the company and Baylor College of Medicine to further refine device for U.S. markets.<\/p>\n<p>DeBakey\u2019s endorsement paid off. By 1998, the company was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3014118\/\">implanting devices in Europe<\/a>, and four years later the DeBakey VAD had come to the United States. Globally there were more than 450 implants of it and its successor devices by 2010. Early estimates put the cost of each implant at roughly $85,000. While the updated and improved DeBakey VAD no longer bears his name, and MicroMed has been integrated into a new company called ReliantHeart, promotional materials in his papers show that the use of DeBakey\u2019s name was essential for encouraging physicians and the public to embrace the idea of the VAD as more than simply a bridge to transplant, thereby potentially creating a new multi-billion-dollar market.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/19\\\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 363px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"363\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 282px; height: 363px;\" data-original-width=\"282\" data-original-height=\"363\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/vad_brochure-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"278\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"359\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14267\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad_brochure1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"934,1206\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure Cover\" data-image-description=\"<p>MicroMed Technology, Inc. Size is at the heart of the matter. MicroMed DeBakey VAD. The MicroMed DeBakey VAD is an investigational device in the United States and is limited by Federal law in United States. MicroMed Technology, Inc., is ISO 9001 quality systems certified. The MicroMed DeBakey VAD system has the CE Mark.<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad_brochure1.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad_brochure1.jpg?fit=793%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad_brochure1.jpg?w=278&h=359&ssl=1\" width=\"278\" height=\"359\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"278\" data-original-height=\"359\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure Cover\" alt=\"MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure cover with medical illustration.\" style=\"width: 278px; height: 359px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure Cover Michael E. DeBakey Papers, National Library of Medicine MSC 582, Box 8, FF 31 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 277px; height: 363px;\" data-original-width=\"277\" data-original-height=\"363\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/vad-brochure2-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"273\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"359\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14268\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad-brochure21.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"917,1206\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure Cover\" data-image-description=\"<p>History<br \/> NASA became involved in the development of the pump through the struggle for life of David Saucier, a NASA – Johnson Space Center engineer. Following a severe heart attack and triple bypass surgery, Saucier had heart transplant surgery performed by a team of doctors led by Drs. DeBakey and Noon. Six months later, Saucier returned to JSC with the desire to apply spacecraft technology to help people with diseased hearts. The result was the unique collaboration between NADA, Dr. DeBakey, Dr. Noon and MicroMed culminating in the development of the DeBakey VAD.<br \/> MicroMed DeBakey VAD System<br \/> Pump System<br \/> The pump system includes the titanium pump and inlet cannula, the percutaneous cable, the flow probe and the the outflow graft. The titanium inlet cannula is placed into the left ventricle and the graft is connected to the pump outlet and anastomosed to the aorta. MicroMed recently completed 2-1\/2 years of bearing wear and durability tests on the DeBakey VAD. Tests revealed no appreciable wear on these continuously run pumps, prompting the independent third party testing organization to project that the DeBakey VAD should operate reliably for at least 5 years.<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad-brochure21.jpg?fit=228%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad-brochure21.jpg?fit=779%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad-brochure21.jpg?w=273&h=359&ssl=1\" width=\"273\" height=\"359\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"273\" data-original-height=\"359\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure Cover\" alt=\"An informational brochure on the MicroMed DeBakey VAD System history and technology with photos of Dr. DeBakey and the pump system.\" style=\"width: 273px; height: 359px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> A page from a MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure Michael E. DeBakey Papers, National Library of Medicine MSC 582, Box 8, FF 31 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 281px; height: 363px;\" data-original-width=\"281\" data-original-height=\"363\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/04\/19\/the-power-of-a-name-michael-debakey-and-the-changing-business-of-american-medicine\/vad-brochure3-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"277\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"359\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"14269\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad-brochure31.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"933,1206\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure Cover\" data-image-description=\"<p>MicroMed Technology, Inc. MicroMed DeBakey VAD<br \/> Miniaturized heart assist technology co-developed with Dr. Michael E. DeBakey, Dr. George P. Noon and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration A new promise…for a better life.<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad-brochure31.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad-brochure31.jpg?fit=792%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad-brochure31.jpg?w=277&h=359&ssl=1\" width=\"277\" height=\"359\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"277\" data-original-height=\"359\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure Cover\" alt=\"MicroMed DeBakey VAD Brochure cover with a photo of a family on the beach.\" style=\"width: 277px; height: 359px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> MicroMed Technology, \u201cA new promise\u2026for a better life\u201d promotional brochure. Michael E. DeBakey Papers, National Library of Medicine MSC 582, Box 8, FF 31 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\n<p>Until his death, Michael DeBakey cultivated a public image as a steadfast critic of the growing commercialization of medicine. Yet, his relationship with it is more complicated than simply serving as an opposing voice to the changing values of a profession. DeBakey\u2019s papers at the National Library of Medicine show that during the 1990s, he actively lent the power of his name to small community hospitals like Kenosha and Hays and to new medical devices like the DeBakey VAD.<\/p>\n<p>Were his public statements and private actions contradictory? DeBakey did not think so. Instead it appears that he saw the use of his name by not-for-profit hospitals and for-profit corporations as an essential way to advance medical science in a market-driven system, rather than to merely carve out profit for shareholders or institutions.\u00a0 In embracing this understanding, DeBakey\u2019s actions highlight the challenges faced by physicians and medical educators as they sought to negotiate the changing U.S. health care system in the closing decades of the twentieth century.<\/p>\n<p><em>Andrew Simpson, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of History at Duquesne University. He was a Michael E. DeBakey Fellow in the History of Medicine at the NLM in 2017 and is working on a forthcoming book, <\/em>Making the Medical Metropolis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Andrew Simpson ~ In a 1994 article titled \u201cIt\u2019s a Business. No, It\u2019s a Religion,\u201d The New York Times<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":14265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"2017 NLM Michael E. DeBakey Fellow in the History of Medicine Andrew Simpson explores the intersection of medicine and business.","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[42333869,12763,51014],"tags":[273907,10695,3644,657,1753209,58980,6],"class_list":["post-14063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives-manuscripts","category-collections","category-guests","tag-1900s","tag-bioethics","tag-biography","tag-economics","tag-michael-e-debakey","tag-fellowship","tag-technology"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/vad_brochure_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-3EP","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14063"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14063\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26288,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14063\/revisions\/26288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |