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{"id":13444,"date":"2018-02-22T11:00:50","date_gmt":"2018-02-22T16:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=13444"},"modified":"2024-10-21T11:00:06","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T15:00:06","slug":"a-time-for-all-things-michael-e-debakey-the-tulane-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/02\/22\/a-time-for-all-things-michael-e-debakey-the-tulane-years\/","title":{"rendered":"A Time for All Things: Michael E. DeBakey\u2013The Tulane Years"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Craig Miller ~<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Michael E DeBakey\u2019s life and career are primarily associated in medical history and the public consciousness with his many years at the head of the Department of Surgery at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. Prior to this, however, DeBakey spent the years from 1926 to 1948 (with the exception of two notable periods) in New Orleans, Louisiana, affiliated with Tulane University. These were years of personal and professional growth and maturation, but also of significant and lasting contributions on his part to clinical medicine and surgery.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13733\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13733\" style=\"width: 243px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/medat20resize.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13733\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/02\/22\/a-time-for-all-things-michael-e-debakey-the-tulane-years\/medat20resize\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/medat20resize.jpg?fit=693%2C854&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"693,854\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"Craig Miller","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1501756640","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"MEDat20resize\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Michael DeBakey, age 20, 1928<br \/>\nCourtesy of Katrin DeBakey<br \/>\nNLM Profiles in Science<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/medat20resize.jpg?fit=243%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/medat20resize.jpg?fit=693%2C854&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-13733 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/medat20resize.jpg?resize=243%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A formal portrait of a young Michael DeBakey\" width=\"243\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13733\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael DeBakey, age 20, 1928<br \/><em>Courtesy Katrin DeBakey<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.nlm.nih.gov\/101743405X328\">NLM Profiles in Science<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Eighteen-year-old Michael DeBakey arrived at the campus of Tulane University in New Orleans in September, 1926. The valedictorian of his high school class, DeBakey enrolled in the university\u2019s Premedical Course, a two-year undergraduate track designed to prepare students for the rigors of the Tulane Medical School. Accustomed to perfect marks, DeBakey was mortified when his first term report was studded with B\u2019s. After some soul-searching he returned for the second session with a new determination to excel. From this point on, through the rest of his life, Michael took up his father Shaker DeBakey\u2019s spartan example and worked exceptionally long days, seldom sleeping more than four or five hours a night.<\/p>\n<p>This effort paid off in the classroom, where Michael earned high grades in his courses in zoology, mathematics, physics and most of the remainder of the curriculum. He especially excelled in the drawing and dissection aspects of the zoology course. The lowest grades he received were in French, despite the fact that his parents were fluent in that language.<\/p>\n<p>Michael played intramural sports, including basketball, baseball, and handball. He also played saxophone in both the stage and marching bands.<\/p>\n<p>The young pre-med student called Tulane\u2019s Academic Dormitory home during his first two years in New Orleans. \u00a0Annoyed by the constant intrusions into his studious privacy, though, Michael convinced his father to provide the necessary funds for his transition to a boarding house for medical school (he would live with a friend\u2019s family in nearby Harvey, Louisiana for his second and third years of medical school, and then actually in Mercy and Charity Hospitals his final year).<\/p>\n<p>During the spring of Michael’s second year of medical school, in 1930, he took an introductory class in Surgery taught by Tulane\u2019s new Professor and Chief of the subject, mercurial young Alton Ochsner. He was bewitched by the South Dakota transplant\u2019s obvious talents as a clinician and educator, and soon became convinced that his career path lay in the field of surgery.<\/p>\n<p>Michael received his undergraduate degree in June, 1930. Two more years of clinical study in the medical school were characterized by continued excellence, and he finished in 1932 in the top 10% of his class. He chose to train in surgery with Ochsner.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13735\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13735\" style=\"width: 227px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/first-page-sleeve-paper.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13735\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/02\/22\/a-time-for-all-things-michael-e-debakey-the-tulane-years\/first-page-sleeve-paper\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/first-page-sleeve-paper.jpg?fit=614%2C812&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"614,812\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"Craig Miller","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1512571403","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"first page sleeve paper\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/www.americanjournalofsurgery.com\/article\/S0002-9610(34)90646-2\/abstract<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>A Syringe-Sleeve-Valve Transfusion Instrument, 1934. DeBakey\u2019s first nationally published paper appeared in the march 1934 issue of the American Journal of Surgery.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/first-page-sleeve-paper.jpg?fit=227%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/first-page-sleeve-paper.jpg?fit=614%2C812&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-13735 size-medium\" style=\"border: 1px solid #000000;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/first-page-sleeve-paper.jpg?resize=227%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"An article in the American Journal of Surgery on A new method of transfusion of unmodified blood.\" width=\"227\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13735\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Syringe-Sleeve-Valve Transfusion Instrument, 1934. DeBakey\u2019s first nationally published paper appeared in the March 1934 issue of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.americanjournalofsurgery.com\/article\/S0002-9610(34)90646-2\/abstract\">American Journal of Surgery<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In medical school Michael had observed the primitive methods of blood transfusion in existence at the time. In the days before blood banks, transfusion was, by necessity, a direct patient-to-patient affair. It was also a bloody and crude one, and Michael felt sure he could improve on it. Remembering the sleeve valves he had seen in the engine of an old automobile his father had given him, Michael applied the same concept to the design of a new transfusion apparatus. Along with a classmate, William Gillentine, he completed the sleeve valve transfusion syringe as a senior medical student, and put it to outstanding clinical use the next year as an intern. Ultimately it came to market under the aegis of the V. Mueller Company. Although the advent of effective blood banking obviated the usefulness of the apparatus in transfusion, DeBakey\u2019s sleeve-valve syringe concept remains in use to the present day for efficiently drawing fluid from the <a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/pleuraldisorders.html\">pleural<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/peritonealdisorders.html\">peritoneal<\/a> spaces.<\/p>\n<p>As a senior medical student Michael also came under the influence of Rudolph Matas, the doyen of surgery in the South and Ochsner\u2019s immediate predecessor at Tulane. Matas influenced DeBakey both in his interest in cardiovascular surgery (of which Matas was a pioneer) and his overarching <em>Weltanschauung<\/em>. Multilingual and possessed of enormous intellect and charm, Matas\u2014along with Ochsner\u2014completed the perfect set of surgical mentors for young DeBakey.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13736\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13736\" style=\"width: 202px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/roller-pump1_crop.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13736\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/02\/22\/a-time-for-all-things-michael-e-debakey-the-tulane-years\/roller-pump1_crop\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/roller-pump1_crop.png?fit=807%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"807,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Roller pump1_crop\" data-image-description=\"<p>PAT. # 2018999<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Transfusion roller pump invented by DeBakey in 1934 Courtesy of Rudolph Matas Library, Tulane University<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/roller-pump1_crop.png?fit=202%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/roller-pump1_crop.png?fit=689%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13736\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/roller-pump1_crop.png?resize=202%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A photograph of a mechanical device with DeBakey's name and patent number stamped on it.\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transfusion roller pump invented by DeBakey in 1934 <em>Courtesy Rudolph Matas Library, Tulane University<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>While working in the surgical laboratory DeBakey was faced with the problem of simulating a pulse wave experimentally. After failing to find any worthwhile material on pumps in the Tulane medical library he was directed to the Engineering stacks by his friend and former neighbor in the Academic Dormitory, Charles E. Schmidt. DeBakey became convinced by this reading that a roller pump was the best means of accomplishing his goal. When applying it to his experimental model, though, he was frustrated that the fluid-carrier tubing the rollers compressed migrated along the path of the rotating bearings. In a flash of inspiration DeBakey saw a simple solution: a flange attached to the tubing that could be clamped into place to prevent shifting. Almost immediately he recognized that this apparatus could be applied to the transfusion problem as well. Along with Schmidt and another associate he patented the device in 1935. Many years later this roller pump proved to be the final piece in the puzzle of a successful heart-lung machine, allowing open-heart surgery for the first time.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13737\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13737\" style=\"width: 190px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/paris-1935ish.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13737\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/02\/22\/a-time-for-all-things-michael-e-debakey-the-tulane-years\/paris-1935ish\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/paris-1935ish.jpg?fit=451%2C711&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"451,711\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"Craig Miller","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1509724899","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Paris 1935ish\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"<p>DeBakey in Paris, ca. 1935<br \/>\nCourtesy of Michael M. DeBakey<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/paris-1935ish.jpg?fit=190%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/paris-1935ish.jpg?fit=451%2C711&ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13737\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/paris-1935ish.jpg?resize=190%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"Aposed photograph in a garden.\" width=\"190\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13737\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">DeBakey in Paris, ca. 1935<br \/><em>Courtesy Michael M. DeBakey<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Impressed with their young charge\u2019s intelligence and skill during his internship and first years of surgical training, Ochsner and Matas arranged for DeBakey to continue his education in two of the top surgical clinics in Europe. He spent the academic year of 1935-36 at the University of Strasbourg with the noted French surgeon Rene Leriche and the University of Heidelberg with the similarly-renowned Martin Kirschner. While there, DeBakey won over the Europeans with his transfusion device and honed his clinical and laboratory skills. He learned the latest surgical techniques and perioperative care (DeBakey first encountered recorded music in the operating theater at Kirschner\u2019s clinic, as well as postoperative physical therapy). While in Germany the then-apolitical DeBakey also witnessed the growth of the Nazi movement, and was shocked and horrified by the court-ordered sterilization procedures that were performed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13742\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13742\" style=\"width: 238px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/fjbbcn.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13742\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/02\/22\/a-time-for-all-things-michael-e-debakey-the-tulane-years\/fjbbcn\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/fjbbcn.jpg?fit=951%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"951,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"FJBBCN\" data-image-description=\"<p>The inscription reads, “To Michael DeBakey–a sincere appreciation of his industry, ability and loyalty. Alton Ochsner.”<br \/>\nDr. Alton Ochsner was born in 1896 in Kimball, South Dakota. He matriculated at the University of South Dakota at Vermillion and received his medical degree from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. He quickly became a prominent surgeon and, in 1926, was recruited to become the Chairman of Surgery at Tulane University from his post as a faculty member at the University of Wisconsin. At Tulane, Ochsner taught more than 3,000 medical students, including Michael E. DeBakey. With DeBakey, he conducted groundbreaking research that linked tobacco with lung cancer. This was the start of Ochsner’s anti-smoking crusade, which he maintained throughout his lifetime in spite of harsh criticism. At the time of his retirement in 1967 at the age of 70, Ochsner had performed an estimated 20,000 surgeries and cofounded the Ochsner Medical Institutions, which included a hospital, a clinic, and a research center. Ochsner died in 1981.<br \/>\nIn a 1935 letter to his father, DeBakey wrote that Dr. Ochsner had nominated him for admittance into Sigma Xi, an honorary scientific fraternity, and had secured a place for DeBakey at Dr. Leriche’s clinic and would “get me one of the best places in Germany.” He went on to say that Dr. Ochsner “wants me to get all this training so that I will be better equipped and will be of greater value to him. He has some very big plans for me when I get back.”<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Alton Ochsner, 1930s<br \/>\nCourtesy Katrin DeBakey<br \/>\nNLM Profiles in Science<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/fjbbcn.jpg?fit=238%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/fjbbcn.jpg?fit=812%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-13742 size-medium\" title=\"To Michael DeBakey, a sincere appreciation of his industry, ability and loyalty. Alton Ochsner.\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/fjbbcn.jpg?resize=238%2C300&ssl=1\" alt=\"A signed formal portrait.\" width=\"238\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13742\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alton Ochsner, 1930s<br \/><em>Courtesy Katrin DeBakey<\/em><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.nlm.nih.gov\/101743405X30\">NLM Profiles in Science<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>DeBakey returned to Tulane in the summer of 1936. He continued as a trainee (his title was Instructor in Surgery) and, together with Ochsner, composed seminal papers on the treatment of <a href=\"https:\/\/indexcat.nlm.nih.gov\/vivisimo\/cgi-bin\/query-meta?v%3Aproject=indexcat&sortby=ID&query=40910301940\">subdiaphragmatic and hepatic abscesses<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/indexcat.nlm.nih.gov\/vivisimo\/cgi-bin\/query-meta?v%3Aproject=indexcat&sortby=ID&query=40912901650\">connection of lung cancer and smoking<\/a>. He was finally awarded a faculty position in October 1940, when he became Assistant Professor of Surgery.<\/p>\n<p>DeBakey had barely settled into the life of a junior faculty academic surgeon when the United States entered World War Two. Emphatically patriotic, he wished to enlist at once. Ochsner initially indicated that DeBakey was essential to Tulane, but his protege\u2019s entreaties ultimately won the day, and DeBakey joined the U.S. Army in September 1942.<\/p>\n<p>He was briefly stationed at Gulfport, Mississippi but in January, 1943 was summoned to the Surgeon General\u2019s Office in Washington where he joined the ranks of the Surgical Consultant\u2019s Division. DeBakey served with distinction in this capacity through and even beyond the war, and returned to New Orleans in 1946.<\/p>\n<p>In the summer of 1948 a fledgling medical school in Houston came calling. They were looking for a new Chief of Surgery.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/miller440x330.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"13732\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2018\/02\/22\/a-time-for-all-things-michael-e-debakey-the-tulane-years\/miller440x330\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/miller440x330.jpg?fit=440%2C330&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"440,330\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}\" data-image-title=\"Craig Miller\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/miller440x330.jpg?fit=300%2C225&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/miller440x330.jpg?fit=440%2C330&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-13732\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/miller440x330.jpg?resize=95%2C72&ssl=1\" alt=\"An outdoor portrait.\" width=\"95\" height=\"72\" \/><\/a>Craig Miller<\/em><em>, M.D., is Chief of Vascular Surgery at Pardee UNC Health and Adjunct Professor, University of North Carolina School of Medicine. He was a Michael E. DeBakey Fellow in the History of Medicine at the NLM in 2017 and has written a biography of Dr. DeBakey, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/a-time-for-all-things-9780190073947?cc=us&lang=en&\">A Time for All Things: The Life of Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Craig Miller ~ Michael E DeBakey\u2019s life and career are primarily associated in medical history and the public consciousness<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":13743,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"2017 Michael E. DeBakey Fellow Craig Miller discusses DeBakey's time at Tulane.","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[42333869,12763,51014],"tags":[273907,3644,1342,59350,1753209,58980,57544,62291],"class_list":["post-13444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives-manuscripts","category-collections","category-guests","tag-1900s","tag-biography","tag-education","tag-louisiana","tag-michael-e-debakey","tag-fellowship","tag-surgery","tag-world-war-ii"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/fjbbvc_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-3uQ","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13444"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24463,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13444\/revisions\/24463"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |