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{"id":12488,"date":"2017-09-12T11:00:17","date_gmt":"2017-09-12T15:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/?p=12488"},"modified":"2024-10-21T11:00:22","modified_gmt":"2024-10-21T15:00:22","slug":"tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/","title":{"rendered":"Tinkering with Profitability: DeBakey and the Affordable Blood Transfusion Instrument"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By Heidi Morefield ~<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8491\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8491\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"8491\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/02\/12\/a-decade-of-phenomenal-progress-in-heart-surgery\/fjbbbl\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fjbbbl.jpg?fit=740%2C542&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"740,542\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Sewing a Dacron Artificial Artery\" data-image-description=\"<p>This photo was probably taken for an article in the Baylor Line, March-April 1955, titled “A Stitch in Time.” One of DeBakey’s most important surgical innovations was the Dacron vascular graft, which he developed in the early 1950s. The synthetic fabric grafts replaced sections of blood vessels damaged by aneurysms, especially in the aorta. The graft to DeBakey’s left would be used in the lower abdominal aorta, where it divides to form the femoral arteries (a common site of aneurysm formation.)<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/profiles.nlm.nih.gov\/spotlight\/fj\/catalog?utf8=%E2%9C%93&exhibit_id=fj&search_field=all_fields&q=<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>Michael DeBakey at home sewing a Dacron artificial artery, 1955<br \/>\nProfiles in Science<br \/>\nReproduced with permission of the Baylor College of Medicine Archives<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fjbbbl.jpg?fit=300%2C220&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fjbbbl.jpg?fit=740%2C542&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-8491 size-medium\" title=\"DeBakey the Tinkerer\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/fjbbbl.jpg?resize=300%2C220&ssl=1\" alt=\"DeBakey using a sewing machine.\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8491\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael DeBakey at home sewing a Dacron artificial artery, 1955<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.nlm.nih.gov\/101743405X9\">Profiles in Science<\/a><br \/><em> Reproduced with permission of the Baylor College of Medicine Archives<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/tag\/michael-e-debakey\/\">Dr. Michael E. DeBakey<\/a> was one of the most visible American surgeons of the late 20th century: he pioneered surgeries, published extensively, advised presidents, and tended to many celebrity patients. The hands-on and innovative approach he took to surgery extended beyond the operating theater\u2014ever since his early training under the direction of Dr. Ren\u00e9 Leriche he styled himself as a tinkerer as well. One of the lesser known of DeBakey\u2019s early prototypes\u2014a collaboration with Dr. George Lilly, a former colleague from the Tulane University School of Medicine, and Mr. Charles \u201cErnest\u201d Schmidt, a mechanical engineer and his former roommate at Tulane\u2014was a blood transfusion apparatus that the pair hoped to design as a new model of affordable medical technology.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12604\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12604\" style=\"width: 116px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00024.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12604\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00024-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00024.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"00024\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>George Lilly to Michael DeBakey, December 11, 1935. Box 5 Folder 34.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00024.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00024.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-12604 size-thumbnail\" title=\"Affordability\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00024.jpg?resize=116%2C150&ssl=1\" alt=\"A typewritten letter discussing arrangements for negotiating with A. S. Aloe Company to manufacture a blood transfusion device.\" width=\"116\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12604\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">George Lilly to Michael DeBakey, December 11, 1935. <a href=\"https:\/\/findingaids.nlm.nih.gov\/repositories\/4\/resources\/931\"><em>Box 5 Folder 34.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cAffordable\u201d in this case meant keeping the price below twenty dollars (still a fair amount of money in 1935) in order to achieve wide distribution. DeBakey wrote that he thought it was \u201cmost important to keep the price of the instrument as low as possible. In planning the instrument this was one of my primary objects. The other was to make it as simple as possible.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12605\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12605\" style=\"width: 116px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00025.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12605\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00025-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00025.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"00025\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>H. F. Baer to George Lilly, December 4, 1935. Box 5, Folder 34.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00025.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00025.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-12605 size-thumbnail\" title=\"Profitability\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00025.jpg?resize=116%2C150&ssl=1\" alt=\"A typewritten letter outlining possible royalty fees and other negotiations.\" width=\"116\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12605\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H. F. Baer to George Lilly, December 4, 1935. <a href=\"https:\/\/findingaids.nlm.nih.gov\/repositories\/4\/resources\/931\"> <em>Box 5, Folder 34.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Yet both of these goals were complicated by the transition to mass production for the market. At the outset, it seemed that the manufacturing company that they contracted with, the A.S. Aloe Company of St. Louis, Missouri, was in agreement with their target price range. In a letter, the company\u2019s president wrote that he was primarily concerned about sales volume and that keeping the retail price to \u201cconsiderably less than $25.00\u201d would be essential to make the device profitable. DeBakey\u2019s simple design played a key role in realizing this, as it kept manufacturing costs low.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/12\\\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\\\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 840px; height: 271px;\" data-original-width=\"840\" data-original-height=\"271\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 210px; height: 271px;\" data-original-width=\"210\" data-original-height=\"271\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00028-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"206\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"267\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"12606\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00028.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Keep the Price as Low as Possible\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00028.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00028.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00028.jpg?w=206&h=267&ssl=1\" width=\"206\" height=\"267\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"206\" data-original-height=\"267\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Keep the Price as Low as Possible\" alt=\"A handwritten letter describing a blood transfusion machine and emphasing it's simplicity and the need for affordability.\" style=\"width: 206px; height: 267px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Michael DeBakey to H.F. Baer, January 8, 1936. Page 1. Box 5, Folder 34. <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 210px; height: 271px;\" data-original-width=\"210\" data-original-height=\"271\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00029-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"206\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"267\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"12607\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00029.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Make it as Simple as Possible\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00029.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00029.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00029.jpg?w=206&h=267&ssl=1\" width=\"206\" height=\"267\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"206\" data-original-height=\"267\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Make it as Simple as Possible\" alt=\"A handwritten letter describing a blood transfusion machine and emphasing it's simplicity and the need for affordability.\" style=\"width: 206px; height: 267px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Michael DeBakey to H.F. Baer, January 8, 1936. Page 2. Box 5, Folder 34. <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 210px; height: 271px;\" data-original-width=\"210\" data-original-height=\"271\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00030-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"206\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"267\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"12608\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00030.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Personal Testimony of Value\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00030.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00030.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00030.jpg?w=206&h=267&ssl=1\" width=\"206\" height=\"267\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"206\" data-original-height=\"267\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Personal Testimony of Value\" alt=\"A handwritten letter describing a blood transfusion machine and emphasing it's simplicity and the need for affordability.\" style=\"width: 206px; height: 267px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Michael DeBakey to H.F. Baer, January 8, 1936. Page 3. Box 5, Folder 34. <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 210px; height: 271px;\" data-original-width=\"210\" data-original-height=\"271\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00031-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"206\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"267\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"12609\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00031.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Prime Interest is to Make Abailable to all Practitioners\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<\/p> \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00031.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00031.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00031.jpg?w=206&h=267&ssl=1\" width=\"206\" height=\"267\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"206\" data-original-height=\"267\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Prime Interest is to Make Abailable to all Practitioners\" alt=\"A handwritten letter describing a blood transfusion machine and emphasing it's simplicity and the need for affordability.\" style=\"width: 206px; height: 267px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Michael DeBakey to H.F. Baer, January 8, 1936. Page 4. Box 5, Folder 34. <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>By the time the manufacturer had perfected the mass-market prototype and was ready to proceed with selling the instrument, however, the planned retail price had soared to $39.50\u2014nearly twice the original goal. Minor improvements, such as adding a cc. counter and a ratchet to prevent the handle from being turned the wrong way, had driven the manufacturing costs up considerably. At the same time, Aloe wanted to be sure that the device remained profitable even after their advertising and royalty costs were covered.<\/p>\n<p>Royalties also proved a particular sticking point for the three patent holders. After initially agreeing to a 10% royalty rate, Aloe informed Drs. DeBakey and Lilly that the best they could do would be to pay royalties on the basis of 10% of the manufacturing cost, which was just $22.50. The need for profitability prevented them from being able to offer royalties on the full retail price, which the company and inventors all agreed they absolutely had to keep below $40.00.<\/p>\n<div data-carousel-extra='{\"blog_id\":1,\"permalink\":\"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/12\\\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\\\/\"}' id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-12488 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00036-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00036.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"A typewritten letter on A.S. Aloe Company letterhead seeking DeBakey's approval of the finished product and making plans for marketing and sales.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-12611\" data-attachment-id=\"12611\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00036-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00036.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"The Instrument is Somewhat Different in Appearance\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<br \/>\nBox 5, Folder 34.<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>H.F. Baer to Michael DeBakey,<br \/>\nMay 27, 1936. <\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00036.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00036.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-12611'>\n\t\t\t\tH.F. Baer to Michael DeBakey, \nMay 27, 1936. \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00037-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00037.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"A typewritten letter on A.S. Aloe Company letterhead seeing DeBakey's approval of the finished product and making plans for marketing and sales.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-12612\" data-attachment-id=\"12612\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00037-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00037.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"P.S. I don’t believe we can possibly sell this instrument for less than $37.50.\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<br \/>\nBox 5, Folder 34.<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>H.F. Baer to Michael DeBakey,<br \/>\nMay 27, 1936. <\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00037.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00037.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-12612'>\n\t\t\t\tH.F. Baer to Michael DeBakey, \nMay 27, 1936. \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00065-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00065.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"A typewritten letter defending the quality and appearance of the instrument and justifying the proposed retail price.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-12613\" data-attachment-id=\"12613\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00065-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00065.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Retail Price of $39.50 is not excessive.\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<br \/>\nBox 5, Folder 34.<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>H.F. Baer to George Lilly, Sept. 21, 1936. <\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00065.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00065.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-12613'>\n\t\t\t\tH.F. Baer to George Lilly, Sept. 21, 1936. \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Aloe\u2019s president played on medical ethics and the presumed altruism of doctors to try to make his lower offer seem generous.\u00a0 He wrote to Debakey:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12616\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12616\" style=\"width: 116px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00060.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12616\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00060-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00060.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Not how much royalty you should take, but wheter or not you should take any.\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>H.F. Baer to Michael DeBakey, September 14, 1936. Page 2. Box 5, Folder 34. <\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00060.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00060.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-12616 size-thumbnail\" title=\"H.F. Baer to Michael DeBakey, September 14, 1936. Page 2. Box 5, Folder 34.\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00060.jpg?resize=116%2C150&ssl=1\" alt=\"A typewritten letter on A.S. Aloe Company letterhead expressing pleasure that the instrument is complete and pursuading DeBakey to accept a 10% royalty.\" width=\"116\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Baer to DeBakey, Sept. 14, 1936.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cI know that the question in your mind, is not how much royalty you should take, but whether you should take any. This is such an important matter with us that I have tried to look into the oath of Aesculapius [sic.] from an ethical and philosophical background and I cannot interpret that oath to mean that any man is not entitled to the fruits of his inventive genius.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>If Dr. DeBakey had never expressed reservations about accepting royalty payments for his inventions, the royalty dispute troubled his two co-patent holders considerably. DeBakey had given the instrument his name and was far more concerned with perfecting its operation and getting it into as many hands as possible than with arguing over profits and royalty contracts. They therefore proceeded with the deal, and the Aloe Company sold just 108 DeBakey transfusion instruments between July 1936 and the end of February 1937. Sales tapered off throughout the rest of that year.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the best of intentions, Dr. DeBakey could not find a way to mass produce a simple and affordable blood transfusion instrument. The manufacturer\u2019s demand for profit and marketability ran counter to his vision of an accessible instrument that individual physicians could afford. Mr. Schmidt, the engineer, suggested simplifying the device further and lowering the price. Dr. Lilly, upset over the royalty sharing agreement and particularly with a perceived slight over reimbursement for a patent attorney\u2019s fees by Mr. Schmidt, would soon pull out of the deal. Dr. DeBakey, for his part, continued to tinker with the transfusion instrument in his own medical practice.<\/p>\n<div data-carousel-extra='{\"blog_id\":1,\"permalink\":\"https:\\\/\\\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\\\/2017\\\/09\\\/12\\\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\\\/\"}' id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-12488 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00120-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00120.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"A typewritten letter expressing pleasure in recieving a royalty check and outlining possible improvements to the instrument.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-12618\" data-attachment-id=\"12618\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00120-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00120.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"A mild thrill to receive this check.\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<br \/>\nBox 5, Folder 34.<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>C.E. Schmidt to George Lilly,<br \/>\nApril 22, 1937. <\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00120.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00120.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-12618'>\n\t\t\t\tC.E. Schmidt to George Lilly,\nApril 22, 1937. \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00137-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00137.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"A typewritten letter expressing anger and indignation, and calling for a meeting to disucuss selling his interest in the buisiness.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-12619\" data-attachment-id=\"12619\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00137-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00137.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"You had better give the matter more serious consideration.\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<br \/>\n Page 1. Box 5, Folder 34.<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>George Lilly to C.E. Schmidt,<br \/>\nOct. 28, 1937.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00137.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00137.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-12619'>\n\t\t\t\tGeorge Lilly to C.E. Schmidt, \nOct. 28, 1937.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00138-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00138.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"A typewritten letter expressing anger and indignation, and calling for a meeting to disucuss selling his interest in the buisiness.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-12620\" data-attachment-id=\"12620\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/00138-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00138.jpg?fit=927%2C1200&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"927,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Plan to have a Meeting in New Orleans on December 4th.\" data-image-description=\"<p>http:\/\/oculus.nlm.nih.gov\/debakey582<br \/>\n Page 2. Box 5, Folder 34.<\/p>\n\" data-image-caption=\"<p>George Lilly to C.E. Schmidt,<br \/>\nOct. 28, 1937.<\/p>\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00138.jpg?fit=232%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/00138.jpg?fit=791%2C1024&ssl=1\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-12620'>\n\t\t\t\tGeorge Lilly to C.E. Schmidt,\nOct. 28, 1937.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>This early experience laid the foundations for his persistence in inventing other longer-lived and much lauded devices including the <a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.nlm.nih.gov\/101743405X9\">Dacron graft<\/a>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/03\/16\/michael-e-debakey-and-the-national-library-of-medicine\/\">left ventricular assist device<\/a> (LVAD), and the <a href=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2016\/02\/12\/a-decade-of-phenomenal-progress-in-heart-surgery\/\">artificial heart<\/a>. Throughout his career, Dr. DeBakey saw himself as a technological innovator committed to improving surgical practice, even if the realities of manufacture often proved a challenge.<\/p>\n<p><em><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12624\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2017\/09\/12\/tinkering-with-profitability-debakey-and-the-affordable-blood-transfusion-instrument\/heidi-morefield\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/heidi-morefield.jpg?fit=720%2C720&ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"720,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}\" data-image-title=\"Heidi Morefield\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/heidi-morefield.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/heidi-morefield.jpg?fit=720%2C720&ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-12624\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/heidi-morefield.jpg?resize=100%2C100&ssl=1\" alt=\"An informal portrait of Heidi Morefield in a library.\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" \/><\/em><em>Heidi Morefield, M.Sc., is a PhD Candidate in the history of medicine at Johns Hopkins University. Her dissertation focuses on the history of the appropriate technology movement in international health.<\/em>\u00a0<em>She was a Michael E. DeBakey Fellow in the history of medicine at the NLM in 2017. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>We invite interested individuals to learn more about the\u00a0Michael E. DeBakey <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/hmd\/informationfor\/debakeyfellowship.html\">fellowship program<\/a>, and about the current <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/news\/faes-debakey-fellow-program-application-2017.html\">call for applications<\/a> to the program, which are due September 30, 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Heidi Morefield ~ Dr. Michael E. DeBakey was one of the most visible American surgeons of the late 20th<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19605840,"featured_media":12625,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Tinkering with Profitability: DeBakey and the Affordable Blood Transfusion Instrument\u2014by 2017 NLM Michael E. Debakey Fellow Heidi Morefield","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[42333869,12763,51014],"tags":[993241,21774,1753209,58980,668],"class_list":["post-12488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archives-manuscripts","category-collections","category-guests","tag-blood-transfusion","tag-invention","tag-michael-e-debakey","tag-fellowship","tag-research"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/fjbbcq_1934_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3xcDk-3fq","jetpack-related-posts":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19605840"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12488"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12488\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26805,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12488\/revisions\/26805"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |