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<title>Technical Notes. NLM Technical Bulletin. May-Jun 1998</title>
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<h3><em>NLM Technical Bulletin.</em> 1998 May-June; 302</h3>
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<center><strong>In This Issue:</strong></center>
<hr />
<p>
<img src="/pubs/techbull/tb_graphics/blutri.gif" alt="dot" height=10 width=10/>Technical Notes - e1
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_truncation.html">PubMed: Truncation, Automatic Explosion, Mapping, and MeSH Headings</a> - e2
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_mla.html"> MLA 1998 [corrected 1998/07/14]</a> - e3
</p>
<p>
<a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_bioethics.html">BIOETHICSLINE Regenerated</a> - e4
</p>
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<td valign=top width=440>
<center><h2>Technical Notes</h2></center>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><a href="#noteworthy">New and Noteworthy in PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#sneak">PubMed Sneak Preview Available on the Web</a></li>
<li><a href="#help">PubMed Help Updated May 5, 1998</a></li>
<li><a href="#pubhelp">PubMed Help Sheet for Command Language Searchers</a></li>
<li><a href="#workbooks">PubMed and Internet Grateful Med Training Workbooks Available</a></li>
<li><a href="#data">National Library of Medicine Data Distribution Program</a></li>
<li><a href="#oldmed">OLDMEDLINE Database Moves Back in Time</a></li>
<li><a href="#toxline">TOXLINE Rebuilt</a></li>
<li><a href="#toxnet">TOXNET Moved to New Computer Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="#deactivated">Unused Codes Deactivated</a></li>
<li><a href="#institutional">Institutional Student Codes to be Discontinued on 10/1/98</a></li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h3><a name="noteworthy" id="noteworthy">New and Noteworthy in PubMed</a></h3>
<p>
From the PubMed Home Page click on New and Noteworthy and then click on the<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/feed/rss.cgi?ChanKey=PubMedNews">April 6</a> link for the latest information on searching MeSH/subheading combinations, Truncation and System Fixes. For more detailed information on truncation see the article <a href= "/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_truncation.html"><em>PubMed: Truncation, Automatic
Explosion, Mapping, and MeSH Headings</em></a> in this issue.
</p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="sneak" id="sneak">PubMed Sneak Preview Available on the Web</a></h3>
<p>
If you click on <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/feed/rss.cgi?ChanKey=PubMedNews">New and Noteworthy</a> from the PubMed Web site, you will be able to read about the PubMed enhancements that are currently in progress. Check here to see if anything on
your PubMed wish list is already in the works. The preview will be updated with projected release dates, new enhancements, and changes to
the existing plans as the information becomes available. Your comments and suggestions
are welcome and can be sent directly to custserv@nlm.nih.gov.
</p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="help" id="help">PubMed Help Updated May 5, 1998</a></h3>
<p>
From the PubMed Home Page click on <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3827/">Help</a> to read or print the latest information on basic and advanced search features in PubMed, including using the MeSH browser.
</p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="pubhelp" id="pubhelp">PubMed Help Sheet for Command Language Searchers</a></h3>
<p>
Go to <em>[This link was removed because it is no longer valid.]</em> to view a chart comparing PubMed with ELHILL formulations. It's perfect for answering those "this is how I did it before, now how can I do the same thing in PubMed?" questions. The chart is in pdf format and may require you to install a plug-in to read it, if you don't already have the capability to view pdf documents in your
Web browser. The chart was developed by Nancy Ralston and Molly Youngkin at the National
Network of Libraries of Medicine, Midcontinental Region, at the University of Nebraska Medical
Center.
</p>
<p>
For other helpful information about PubMed and IGM, please check out the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) Web site:
<a href="http://nnlm.gov/">http://nnlm.gov/</a>. This site contains links to information on using the NLM Web-based search engines (including the above mentioned chart) from the NN/LM and other institutions.
</p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="workbooks" id="workbooks">PubMed and Internet Grateful Med Training Workbooks Available</a></h3>
<p>
PubMed and Internet Grateful Med training workbooks are now available for downloading from the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Web site.
</p>
<p>
The workbooks, used in the two NLM/National Online Training Center PubMed/IGM classes (2-day Introduction class and the 1-day Transition class), are available in three formats: PDF, WordPerfect, and PostScript.
</p>
<p>
Look for an HTML version in the future. These workbooks are not copyrighted. Feel free to use any part of the workbooks -- you may customize part of the workbook for training programs, demos, or workshops you conduct. Or you may use the workbooks as a self-training guide if you can't get to a class or your scheduled class is several months away. The workbooks are found at:
<a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/web_based.html">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/web_based.html</a>.
</p>
<p>
Also, look at the revised and updated online <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3827/">Help</a> in PubMed. The online Help can also serve as an excellent training tool.
</p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="data" id="data">National Library of Medicine Data Distribution Program</a></h3>
<p>
The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is announcing the release of its revised "License Agreement
to Lease NLM Databases." This license, dated March 13, 1998, supersedes the previous license last
revised April 1, 1994. Existing licensees will not be asked to sign the new license. However, please
note that the terms of the new license are binding upon publication in the Web-based <em>NLM Technical
Bulletin</em>, as per the 1994 license.
</p>
<p>
The following summarizes the changes in the revised license:
</p>
<ol>
<li>Section C.5 accounts for the possibility that NLM may use a contractor for distribution of leased
data in the future and that the data may be distributed electronically.
</li>
<li>Section D.1.c reflects the fact that a code is no longer required for licensees to access NLM's
publicly available system for record verification. PubMed and Internet Grateful Med, our two free
Web-based retrieval systems, do not require a code.
</li>
<li>References to TOXLIT and CHEMLINE have been deleted from Sections E and G. NLM
no longer provides access to these files on our retrieval systems nor do we lease them.
</li>
<li>ChemID is referenced in Section E as a database for which downloading is not permissible
without approval from two of the suppliers.
</li>
<li>The wording of the notice in Section E.4 which licensees are required to issue regarding
downloading and subsequent re-use of NLM-supplied data has been revised. Sections E and F now
refer to the NLM statement on Copyright of Abstracts and Downloading Small Amounts of
MEDLARS Data for Redistribution for additional information regarding these topics.
</li>
<li>Section G.2 has been deleted. This section addressed the foreign surcharge in effect prior to
October 1, 1997. Because NLM no longer requires licensees to pay a surcharge for usage of
licensees' products and services outside the U.S., this section (and all references to it) has been
removed from the license. Section G has been renumbered.
</li>
<li>Sections H and K acknowledge the fact that NLM may offer a media other than tape to distribute
the leased data.
</li>
<li>Section M now states that the <em>NLM Technical Bulletin</em> (in which amendments to the License are
announced) is a Web-based publication available at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/tb.html.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
Currently, there are 58 NLM licensees, 43 of whom lease MEDLINE. Formally recognized
International MEDLARS Centers, commercial enterprises, and academic institutions are among our
licensees. The licensees make NLM data available within their own organizations and also to the
public via online and Web-based systems, and CD-ROM products. Under certain circumstances it
is permissible to download NLM data for redistribution outside of the formal licensing program. This
situation is covered in our statement on Copyright of Abstracts and Downloading Small Amounts of
MEDLARS Data for Redistribution. Information about leasing databases and downloading for
redistribution beyond personal use is available from the NLM Web site at <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/leased.html">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/leased.html</a>.
Please note that in this context downloading for redistribution pertains to licensees, not to the work a librarian or information professional does for a client's personal use.
</p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="oldmed" id="oldmed">OLDMEDLINE Database Moves Back in Time</a></h3>
<p>
OLDMEDLINE was made available in December 1996, with over 300,000 citations published in the
1964 and 1965 <em>Cumulated Index Medicus</em> (<em>CIM</em>) (see <em>NLM Technical Bulletin</em>, 1996 Nov-Dec; (293):1,4-6). In completion of the next phase of NLM's goal to provide online access to citations published in <em>Index Medicus</em> before 1966, over 250,000 citations published in the 1962 and 1963 <em>CIM</em> will be added to OLDMED in Summer 1998.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Differences</strong><br />
The 1964 and 1965 <em>CIM</em> data were converted from the original data tapes largely "as is," meaning with minimal data cleanup and validation. Yet NLM was able to provide some data validation
because the 1964 and 1965 data included Journal Title Codes (JC), which were used to link to
SERLINE to provide current Title Abbreviation (TA), ISSN (IS), and Country (CY) data in matching
citations in OLDMED. The 1962 and 1963 citations have been keyed from the printed indexes that
did not include JC information. Title Abbreviations (TA) in 1962 and 1963 citations were not
matched against current SERLINE information, and 1962-1963 citations do not contain any ISSN
or CY data either.
</p>
<p>
<strong>Date of Publication (DP)</strong>
</p>
<dl>
<dt>The original DP format in OLDMEDLINE has been reformatted to display and search in the same
way as DP in MEDLINE and MEDLINE Backfiles, e.g.,
<dd>DP -1962 May 14. </dd>
</dl>
<p>
<dl>
<dt>Year (YR) is directly searchable in either 2-or 4-digit format, e.g.,
<dd>(YR) 63</dd>
<dd>(YR) 1963</dd>
</dl>
<p>
<strong>MeSH Headings, Subheadings and Keywords</strong><br />
As in 1964 and 1965 citations, the original MeSH Headings (MH) assigned to the 1962 and 1963
<em>CIM</em> citations are contained in the Keywords (KW) field. This is because these original Headings
have not been maintained for over 30 years, and many are not current in 1998 MeSH. NLM has
begun the task to map the original MeSH to current MeSH, and to add current MeSH Headings to
OLDMED in the future.
</p>
<p>
<dl>
<dt>Note that citations indexed for the 1963-1965 <em>CIM</em> were assigned MeSH Headings (MH) only, and did not include Subheadings (SH). Citations indexed for the 1962 <em>CIM</em> were indexed using Subheadings. These MH/SH combinations are contained in the Keywords (KW) field, but are not directly searchable using the MH/SH combinations. Only the MeSH Heading (MH) portion of the MH/SH combination may be searched directly, e.g.
<dd>Heart/abnormalities may be searched directly as heart (KW)</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt>Searchers may prefer to truncate the KW search term, e.g.
<dd>Heart: (KW)</dd>
<dt>or
<dt>may use CONTAINS, e.g.
<dd>HEART: (KW) contains abnormalities (KW)</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Remember that not all Subheading values used in 1962 citations are Subheadings in 1998 MeSH.
</p>
<p>
As was announced when OLDMED first became available, these older data have been made available
"as is." It is unlikely that NLM will have the resources to undertake any significant data error correction effort in the near future. Any errors reported by users will be kept on file, although the corrections
cannot be made to the database now.
</p>
<dl>
<dt>The Entry Month in OLDMED identifies the <em>CIM</em> in which the citation was printed:
<dd>EM -196512 = 1965 <em>CIM</em></dd>
<dd>EM -196412 = 1964 <em>CIM</em></dd>
<dd>EM -196312 = 1963 <em>CIM</em></dd>
<dd>EM -196212 = 1962 <em>CIM</em></dd>
</dl>
<p>
<strong>Future Enhancements</strong><br />
Work has already begun to key the approximately 225,000 citations from the 1960 and 1961 <em>CIM</em>. NLM expects to add these citations to OLDMED in the fall of 1998. The OLDMEDLINE file is currently available for searching on Internet Grateful Med; the OLDMED citations are expected to be integrated in PubMed in the fall. Watch for the announcement for this.
</p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="toxline" id="toxline">TOXLINE Rebuilt</a></h3>
<p>TOXLINE and TOXLINE65 have been rebuilt in order to provide 1998 MeSH indexing on the
records in the TOXBIB, DART and BIOSIS subfiles. During the rebuilding of TOXLINE, the
TSCATS subfile was also replaced. The first update following this rebuilding was in May 1998,
and will include data from the CRISP subfile for 1997. The FEDRIP and RISKLINE subfiles are expected to be added to TOXLINE sometime in the summer. The May update included data intended for TOXLINE updates in March and April as well as the May data. TOXLINE now contains 1,792,910 records. TOXLINE65, a closed database now contains 719,740
records.
</p>
<p>
The subfile counts are shown below along with the total count for the rebuilt files in April 1998.
</p>
<p>
TOXLINE Rebuilt File
</p>
<pre>
TOXBIB 776,460
ANEUPL 1,987
BIOSIS 458,159
CIS 16,902
CRISP 17,958
DART 29,316
EMIC 34,038
EPIDEM 9,082
ETIC 21,444
HEEP 49,778
HMTC 4,018
IPA 152,168
NIOSH 88,563
NTIS 101,683
PESTAB 1,536
PPBIB 140
TSCATS 29,678
TOTAL 1,792,910
</pre>
<p>
TOXLINE65 Rebuilt File
</p>
<pre>
TOXBIB 407,857
ANEUPL 1,606
BIOSIS 41
CIS 46
EMIC 37,830
ETIC 28,145
HAPAB 10,856
HEEP 117,881
IPA 51,790
NIOSH 26,502
NTIS 12,321
PESTAB 22,317
PPBIB 2,368
TOTAL 719,740
</pre>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="toxnet" id="toxnet">TOXNET Moved to New Computer Platform</a></h3>
<p>
The TOXNET system with its 20 files of factual and bibliographic information related to
toxicology, hazardous chemicals, and the environment, began life in 1985 on a minicomputer,
eventually moved to a group of networked microprocessors, and has now been ported to its
newest platform. On June 1, 1998, TOXNET was tranferred to a UNIX environment, using a
SUN Enterprise 3000 as the "live" server and a SUN Ultra II Station as the "development"
server. UNIX is generally considered to have a relatively open platform with a high degree of
data connectivity. TOXNET will continue to utilize the M (formerly MUMPS) operating
system/programming language.
</p>
<p>
This change to a UNIX-based system will be transparent to users. An important benefit is
expected to be more efficient search capabilities, translating into improved response time. The
new platform will also allow NLM to take advantage of utilities that facilitate Web-based
development, such as the TOXNET Web Simple Interface currently being tested, and scheduled
for public release later in the year.
</p>
<p>
There will be no change in the procedure for accessing TOXNET via modem using the FTS2000 MEDLARS number (1-800-525-0216), nor will there be any change in
telneting to NLM/MEDLARS at medlars.nlm.nih.gov and from there to TOXNET.
</p>
<p>
Telneting to TOXNET, however, at toxnet.nlm.nih.gov, via a direct connection or through the
SIS Web Site at sis.nlm.nih.gov, will involve a slight change in procedure. After TELNETing to
the TOXNET address, a new "login:" prompt will appear. At this point, you should enter the
word search. The standard TOXNET welcome message will display and you will be prompted
for your USERID/PASSWORD, as usual. See below:
</p>
<p>
<strong>TELNETing to TOXNET Using the toxnet.nlm.nih.gov Address:</strong><br />
<pre>
Welcome to the TOXNET Search system.
Enter search at login prompt.
login: search
Last login: Mon May 4 08:50:32 from 206.6.69.134
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.6 Generic August 1997
WELCOME TO THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE'S
TOXICOLOGY DATA NETWORK (TOXNET)
PLEASE ENTER USERID/PASSWORD
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
</pre>
<p>
Also, note that the local access number for Washington, DC area users, 301-480-4360, has been discontinued.
</p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="deactivated" id="deactivated">Unused Codes Deactivated</a></h3>
<p>
On October 1, 1997, billed MEDLARS User ID codes issued before October 1994 and not used for
the past three years were deactivated. A second purging of unused codes was done in April. This second group of purged codes were originally distributed at outreach classes, but NLM never received billing
and/or address information for them. Most of these codes have been held for a long time without
ever being used. If you have problems with a code not working and you are unable to access the
NLM databases you need via the free search engines available on the Web, please contact NLM at
custserv@nlm.nih.gov or call 1-888-346-3656 for assistance with your code question. To register
online and receive a new code immediately, go to https://access.nlm.nih.gov <em>[This link was removed because it is no longer valid.]</em>; you must supply a credit
card number to use the online registration system. The only reason to go to this address for a code
is to search ELHILL databases NOT yet available on the Web. Users who need codes for Loansome
Doc should go to http://tendon.nlm.nih.gov/ld/loansome.html. <em>[This link was removed because it is no longer valid.]</em></p>
<center><a href="/pubs/techbull/mj98/mj98_technote.html">top of page</a></center>
<h3><a name="institutional" id="institutional">Institutional Student Codes to be Discontinued on 10/1/98</a></h3>
<p>
NLM will deactivate all previously distributed institutional student codes on October 1, 1998. As noted in the <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/so97/so97_technote.html#codes"><em>NLM Technical Bulletin</em> 1997 Sep-Oct;(298):2</a>, the Library stopped issuing
new institutional student accounts effective October 1, 1997. The Library is encouraging instructors to teach PubMed and Internet Grateful Med.
</p>
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