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<title>NLM Gateway Implements Phrase Detection. NLM Technical Bulletin. 2003 Mar-Apr</title>
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<td width="470"><font size="2"><strong>April 11, 2003</strong> [posted]</font><br /></td>
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<td width="470"><font size="2"><strong>October 23, 2003</strong> <a href="#updated">[updated]</a></font></td>
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<td width="470"><font size="5"><strong>NLM Gateway Implements Phrase Detection</strong></font><br /></td>
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<p>
urrently, when words are entered in the NLM Gateway's search query box,
each word is searched individually and then ANDed together. Gateway treats multiple words as a phrase only
when the user identifies the phrase by placing double quotes around it, (e.g.,
"blood loss" or "hansen ma").
</p>
<p>
In April 2003, Gateway will implement Phrase Detection. <a name="updated" id="updated"></a>[Editor's note: this change was implemented on April 23, 2003.] A user will no longer
have to put a multiword search term in quotes to have it searched as a phrase,
because many phrases will be recognized by the Phrase Detection function. MeSH
terms, MeSH entry terms, and UMLS Metathesaurus terms that map directly to a MeSH
concept will all be recognized. See Figures <a href="#fig1">1</a> and <a href="#fig2">2</a> as well as
<a href="#tab1">Table 1</a>.
</p>
<p>
Enter <em>shortness of breath</em> in the search query box. The Gateway recognizes the
three words as a phrase and sends the search as a phrase (rather than breaking it apart into
individual words ANDed together) to the various search engines. (See <a href="#fig1">Figure 1</a>.)
</p>
<center>
<a name="fig1" id="fig1">&nbsp;</a>
<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma03/graphics/gateway_1.gif" alt="After Phrase Detection Implemented"/>
</center>
<br /><br />
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<a name="fig2" id="fig2">&nbsp;</a>
<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma03/graphics/gateway_2.gif" alt="Before Phrase Detection Implemented"/>
</center>
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<p>
Note: The Details of Search button on the Results Summary
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displays the Translated Search for each category as seen in Figures <a href="#fig1">1</a> and <a href="#fig2">2</a>.
</p>
</center>
<br /><br />
<table width="500" cellpadding="2" border="1" summary="additional examples">
<thead>
<tr valign="middle" align="left">
<th id="a1" width="125" abbr="Name">Search Query</th>
<th id="a2" width="187" abbr="Name">Gateway Search of PubMed After Phrase Detection Implemented</th>
<th id="a3" width="188" abbr="Name">Gateway Search of PubMed Before Phrase Detection Implemented</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tr>
<td width="125" >jet lag</td>
<td width="187">jet lag syndrome [MeSH Terms] OR jet lag [Text Word]</td>
<td width="188">((jet [All Fields]) AND (lag [All Fields]))</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="125" >heart attack</td>
<td width="187">myocardial infarction [MeSH Term] OR heart attack [Text Word]</td>
<td width="188">((("heart" [MeSH Terms]) OR (heart [Text Word])) AND (attack [All Fields]))</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="125">cold sore</td>
<td width="187">herpes labialis [MeSH Term] OR cold sore [Text Word]</td>
<td width="188">((((("pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive" [MeSH Terms]) OR ("common cold" [MeSH Terms])) OR ("cold" [MeSH Terms])) OR (cold [Text Word])) AND (sore [All Fields]))</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="125">acute otitis media</td>
<td width="187">acute [all fields] AND (otitis media [MeSH Term] OR otitis media [Text Word])</td>
<td width="188">(((acute [All Fields]) AND (("otitis" [MeSH Terms]) OR (otitis [Text Word]))) AND (("tunica media" [MeSH Terms]) OR (media [Text Word])))</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" width="500">(Note: otitis media is recognized as a phrase, and the phrase and the word
acute are searched as two search terms.)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<center>
<p><strong>Table 1 - Additional Examples After Phrase Detection Implemented</strong></p>
</center>
<br />
<p>
The Phrase Detection function also eliminates the need to use double quotes
for multiword search terms in qualified searches, e.g., <em>hansen ma</em> [AU], <em>blood
loss</em> [TI] or <em>diabetes mellitus</em> [MH].
</p>
<p>
If you do not want a phrase as identified by the Gateway, use Boolean
operators with the search terms (e.g., <em>glial</em> AND <em>cell line</em>). Also, you may
still use double quotes. If the phrase that you want searched is not recognized
by the Gateway, enter double quotes around it. (See Figures <a href="#fig4">3</a> and <a href="#fig5">4</a>.)
</p>
<center>
<a name="fig4" id="fig4">&nbsp;</a>
<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma03/graphics/gateway_4.gif" alt="Using NO Double Quotes with Phrase Detection"/>
</center>
<br /><br />
<center>
<a name="fig5" id="fig5">&nbsp;</a>
<img src="/pubs/techbull/ma03/graphics/gateway_5.gif" alt="Forcing a Phrase Search Using Double Quotes"/>
</center>
<p>
The double quotes disable the Gateway Phrase Detection function and the quoted
multiword search term is sent as a phrase to all
of the retrieval systems searched through the Gateway. Each retrieval system
then processes the search query in accordance with its own searching procedures.
</p>
<p>
More information on searching the Gateway can be found in the Help and FAQs
available on the left sidebar of each page. If you have questions that are
not addressed by this article or Gateway documentation, please click on the
"Contact Us" button available at the bottom of each Gateway page to send us
a message.
</p>
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<p>
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<strong>By Andrea Demsey</strong><br />
<strong>MEDLARS Management Section</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>Sonya Shooshan</strong><br />
<strong>Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications</strong><br />
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<p>NLM Gateway, Phrase Detection implemented</p>
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<em>Demsey A. and Shooshan S. NLM Gateway Implements Phrase Detection. NLM Tech Bull. 2003 Mar-Apr;(331):e8.</em>
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