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<p><a href="/funding/opportunities-announcements/funding-grant-news">Funding & Grant News</a></p>
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<p><a href="/funding/opportunities-announcements/clinical-trials-foas">Support for Clinical Trials at NIMH</a></p>
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<p>The latest information and resources on mental disorders shared on X, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Instagram.</p>
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<a href="mailto:?subject=I%20Saw%20This%20on%20www.nimh.nih.gov%20--%20RDoC%20Snapshot%3A%20Version%201%20%28saved%203%2F7%2F2016%29&body=https://www.nimh.nih.gov%2Fresearch%2Fresearch-funded-by-nimh%2Frdoc%2Frdoc-snapshot-version-1-saved-3-7-2016" aria-label="Share this page by email"><span class="email-share"><i class="fas fa-envelope"></i></span></a>
|
||
<button class="print_icon" aria-label="Open print helper modal"><i class="fas fa-print"></i></button>
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</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<div class="row">
|
||
<div class="flex_main_container col-md-12">
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||
|
||
<div id="main_content" class="areanav-false sidebar-false">
|
||
<main id="main-content">
|
||
<article id="main_content_inner">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div id="block-nimhtheme-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 class="splashBanner__title" >RDoC Snapshot: Version 1 (saved 3/7/2016)</h1>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="block-nimhtheme-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
|
||
<html><body><div data-history-node-id="1021" class="node node--type-basic-page node--view-mode-full clearfix">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="node__content clearfix">
|
||
<div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">
|
||
<p>This is a snapshot of the RDoC matrix, and as such the links contained within may not work as future changes to the matrix may include removing or changing various elements of the matrix. This snapshot is intended simply to show what had been listed in the matrix at a previous time, and does not to contain any new information. To get to the current version of the matrix, click <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="00505e77-415b-4c83-a0f3-2f03cb6bc1b5" href="/research/research-funded-by-nimh/rdoc/constructs/rdoc-matrix">here</a>.</p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="acute_threat" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Negative Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Acute threat (“fear”)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="6" scope="col">
|
||
<div><span> </span></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>BDNF, 5HT/5HTRs, CRF, FKB5, GABAARs, Glutamate system, NMDARs, Opioid system, COMT, Cannabinoid system, Dopamine, DAT, Cam kinase, MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, PKA, PKC, Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Strathmin, Pkap, TRBC5</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>NMDAR, Glutamate, Dopamine, Serotonin, BDNF, GABA, Cortisol/<br> Corticosterone, Endogenous cannabinoids, orexin, NPY, CRF family, FGF2, Oxytocin, Vasopressin, CCK, Neuropeptide S, Neurosteroids</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Neurons, Glia, Pyramidal cells, GABAergic cells</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Central Nucleus, BasAmyg, LatAmyg, vPAG, dPAG, v-hippocampus (post), d-hippocampus (ant), latPFC/insula, vmPFC (il), dmPFC (pl), OFC, Hypothalamus, dorsal ACC, rostral/vent ACC, ICMs, Medial Amyg, PAG, RPVM, Pons, autonomic nervous system, insular cortex, LC</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Fear Potentiated Startle, Context Startle, Skin Conductance, Heart Rate, EMG, BP, Eye Tracking, Response accuracy, facial EMG, Respiration, pupillometry</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Freezing, Response time, Avoidance, Response inhibition, Open field, Social approach, Analgesia, approach (early development), Risk assessment, Facial expressions</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Fear survey schedule, BAI, STAI, SUDS, Fear Questionnaire, Trait Fear Inventory, Eilam Ethogram, Structured Diagnostic and Assessment scales, Albany Panic & Phobia</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Fear conditioning, viewing aversive pictures or films, emotional imagery</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="potential_threat" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Negative Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Potential Threat ("Anxiety")</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div><span> </span></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>CRF</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>CRF family, cortisol</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Pituitary cells</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Bed nucleus of stria terminalis</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Average cortisol levels, ACTH, potentiated startle</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Contextual threat, darkness (in humans), light (in rodents)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="sustained_threat" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="3" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Negative Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Sustained Threat</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="5" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>HPA-axis hormones, CRF, ACTH</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>prefrontal, hippocampal, microglia</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Dysregulation of amygdala reactivity;<br> Dysregulation of cingulate reactivity;<br> Attention network (per Corbetta and Schulman);<br> PVT (differentiates between acute and sustained);<br> Hypothalamic nuclei;<br> Habit systems (Striatum/<br> caudate/accumbens);<br> Increased activation of vigilance network including visual cortex</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Dysregulated HPA axis;<br> Increased amplitude of error-related negativity;</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Anxious arousal;<br> Increased conflict detection;<br> Attentional bias to threat;<br> Anhedonia/decreased appetitive behavior;<br> Helplessness behavior;<br> Decreased libido;<br> Punishment sensitivity;<br> Increased perseverative behavior;<br> Avoidance;<br> Memory retrieval deficits</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="loss" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Negative Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Loss</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>MAOA, COMT, DAT1, 5HTTLPR, 5HTRs</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Downregulation of glucocorticoid receptors; Upregulation of CRH; Estrogens; Androgens; Oxytocin; Vasopressin; Inflammatory molecules</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Sustained amygdala reactivity; Decreased DLPFC recruitment; Decreased vmPFC (incl. rostral cingulate); Increased insula activation; Increased posterior cingulate activity; Decreased R parietal; PVN; Hippocampus; Orbitofrontal cortex; Habit systems (striatum/<br> caudate/accumbens); Increased default mode activity; Dysregulated reward circuitry</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>ANS & HPA & neuroimmune dysregulation; Prolonged psychophysiological reactivity</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Rumination; Withdrawal; Worry; Crying; Sadness; Loss-relevant recall bias; shame; Attentional bias to negative valenced information; Guilt; Morbid Thoughts; Psychomotor retardation; Anhedonia; Increased self-focus; Deficits in executive function (e.g., impaired sustained attention); Loss of drive (sleep, appetite, libido); Amotivation</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Change in attributional style; Hopelessness</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="frustrative_nonreward" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Negative Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Frustrative Nonreward</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>MAOA, COMT, DAT1, 5HTTLPR, 5HTRs</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Glutamate, Dopamine, Serotonin, GABA, Vasopressin, steroids</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Septum, PAG, amygdala, hypothalamus, OFC, striatum, parasympathetic system, LC</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>physical and relational aggression</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Proactive/ reactive aggression questionnaire, Buss-Durkee and Buss Perry</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Physical and relational aggression paradigms, resident/human intruder test, PSAP, social dominance test</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="reward_valuation" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Positive Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Approach motivation
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Reward valuation</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Dopamine; Serotonin</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Cortico-limbic circuit: Anterior medial OFC; Ventral limbic striatum (incl. ventral caudate); Ventral tegmental area/Substantia Nigra</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>BAS reward sensitivity subscale; Sensitivity to reward subscale of the Sensitivity to Punishment: Sensitivity to Reward questionnaire</td>
|
||
<td>Kahneman-Spinner paradigm; Value-based decision making (e.g., preference test); can be explicit or implicit; Delay discounting; Counterfactual learning, Armed bandit task</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="effort_valuation" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Positive Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Approach motivation
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Effort valuation/Willingness to work</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Dopamine; GABA; Adenosine</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Basolateral amygdala; Dorsal ACC; Ventral striatum (nACC), Ventral pallidum; VTA</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Drive subscale of the Behavioral Activation Scale</td>
|
||
<td>Progressive ratio task; Effort-related choice behavior (effort discounting); Scheduleless key press to view or avoid pictures (e.g., “beautiful faces”); “EEfRt” task (per Treadway)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="expectancy_reward" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="5" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Positive Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Approach motivation
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Expectancy/Reward prediction error</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Dopamine; Serotonin</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Lateral habenula; Rostral medial tegmentum; Ventral striatum; Basal ganglia; Dorsal ACC; Substantia nigra/VTA; Orbital Frontal Cortex; Amygdala</td>
|
||
<td>Cortical slow waves; Heart rate change; skin conductance</td>
|
||
<td>Reward-related speeding; Goal tracking; Sign tracking; Pavlovian approach</td>
|
||
<td>Affective forecasting; Self-report of craving; TEPS anticipatory scale; Generalized reward and punishment expectancy scale; Eating Expectancy Inventory; ASAM scale</td>
|
||
<td>Monetary Incentive Delay; Non-learning/passive gambling/guessing tasks; Cue reactivity</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="action_selection" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="6" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Positive Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Approach motivation
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Action selection/Preference-based decision making</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Amygdala</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Modified Iowa Gambling Task; Card choice/gambling task per Sanfey (2003)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="initial_responsiveness" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Positive Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Initial responsiveness to reward attainment</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col"></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>DRD2; DAT; TREK1</td>
|
||
<td>Mu and delta opioid; Endocannabinoids; Orexin; Glutamate; Plasticity-related genes (CREB; FosB)</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Nucleus accumbens; Medial OFC; Ventromedial PFC; Dorsal ACC; VTA; Ventral pallidum; Anterior insula; Lateral hypothalamus</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Taste reactivity</td>
|
||
<td>PANAS (state version); Consummatory subscale of TEPS</td>
|
||
<td>Monetary Incentive Delay; Gambling/guessing tasks; Taste reactivity</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="sustained_responsiveness" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="5" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Positive Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Sustained/Longer-term responsiveness to reward attainment</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Serotonin; Opioids; Endocannabinoids; Orexin; Dopamine</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Ventromedial hypothalamus; Medial preoptic area; Paraventricular hypothalamus; Arcuate nucleus; OFC; BA9/medial PFC</td>
|
||
<td>Vagus nerve stimulation (CCK); Peripheral endocannabinoids; PYY; GLP1; Gonadal hormones</td>
|
||
<td>Satiety sequence; Nipple refusal; Cessation of consumption/meal termination; Meal pattern analysis</td>
|
||
<td>Visual analog scales of satiety; Reward responsiveness subscale of BIS/BAS; Loss of control scale; Drug effects questionnaire</td>
|
||
<td>Devaluation task; Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="reward_learning" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Positive Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Reward Learning</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Various genes involved in dopamine synthesis, clearance, and receptor signaling; plasticity-related genes CREB, FosB; Synapse-related genes; Epigenetic factors (HDAC, methyl transferases, etc); DARP32; COMT; NMDA receptors on D1 neurons; Adenyl cyclase</td>
|
||
<td>dopamine & dopamine-related molecules; acetylcholine; Co-released neuromodular glutamate</td>
|
||
<td>medium spiny neurons; dopaminergic neurons</td>
|
||
<td>dorsal striatum; Ventral striatum; Medial prefrontal; OFC; VTA/SN; Amygdala</td>
|
||
<td>Error related negativity; Correct related negativity; Feedback related negativity; Midline theta</td>
|
||
<td>Approach behaviors; Consummatory behaviors toward any goal object</td>
|
||
<td>Ecological momentary assessment; Ambulatory assessment and monitoring</td>
|
||
<td>probabilistic reinforcement learning; deterministic reinforcement learning; Pavlovian conditioning; Instrumental conditioning and all its variants; Prediction error tasks</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="habit" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Positive Valence Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Habit</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>CREB, FosB; HDAC, methyl transferases; DARP32; COMT; NMDA receptors on D1 neurons; Adenyl cyclase</td>
|
||
<td>dopamine & dopamine-related molecules; acetylcholine; Co-released neuromodular glutamate</td>
|
||
<td>Medium spiny neurons; Substantia Nigra; dopamine neurons</td>
|
||
<td>dorsal striatum; Ventral striatum; Medial prefrontal cortex; SN/VTA</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>repetitive behaviors; stereotypic behaviors; compulsive behaviors</td>
|
||
<td>Measures of repetitive behaviors; Aberrant behaviors checklist</td>
|
||
<td>maze learning; knot tying; serial response task; devaluation; response time acceleration; attention blindness; dual task paradigm; long-term probabilistic response learning; Perseveration tasks</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="attention" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Attention</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Dopamine receptor genes (e.g., D4, D5); DAT1; Serotonin receptor gene</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Implementation:</strong><br> GABA, glut<br> <strong><br> Control:</strong> Glut, Serotonin;<br> dopamine;<br> histamine;<br> Acetylcholine</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>Parvalbumin-positive interneurons</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Implementation:</strong><br> TRN; pulvinar; local circuit interactions<br> <strong>Control:</strong><br> ascending/<br> descending information pathways; amygdala (vigilance);</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Atentional systems:</strong><br> dorsal attention network (superior parietal lobe, frontal eye fields, DLPFC); ventral attention network (temporal parietal junction (TPJ), VPFC, insula);<br> basal forebrain limbic system</p>
|
||
<p>Balance between task positive network (TPN) vs DMN</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>fMRI</strong><br> Sensory areas from peripheral to central.<br> <strong>ERP--</strong><br> <strong>Auditory:</strong> processing negativity; P1, N1, N2; P300; neural oscillations.<br> <strong>Visual</strong>:N2pc; Selection<br> modulations of sensory ERP components; negativity (SN); P300; slow waves; neural oscillations<br> <strong>Peripheral physiology</strong> both modalities:<br> Heart rate deceleration;<br> Pupil dilation;</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Spatial attention;<br> Object/feature attention;<br> ANT task<br> Distractibility;<br> Attentional lapses (e.g., RT variability) vs sustained attn; Psychophysics</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>dichotic listening, visual search, spatial and non-spatial cuing paradigms, dual task paradigms, attentional blink and psychological refractory period paradigm; inter-modal selective attention; blocked channel-selection tasks; distraction paradigms (capture); time-series of response times to extract variability and frequency domain analyses<br> <strong><em>(target detection tasks in the absence of competition are considered measures of sustained attention and not selective or divided attention, which are subsumed under cog control)</em></strong></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><sup>1</sup>Many of these paradigms can be adapted for use in behavioral, ERP and fMRI protocols.</p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="visual_perception" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Visual Perception</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Dysbindin/<br> NRG1/<br> Neuroligin/<br> Neurexin</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>Glutamate,GABA. NMDA, Serotonin,Ach, Catecholamines, peptides</td>
|
||
<td>Magno (non-linear gain control). Parvo. Pyramidal, parvalbumin positive interneurons.</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Subcortical:</strong><br> magnocellular, parvocellular, koniocellular.<br> <strong>Cortical:</strong> dorsal/ventral streams; cortico-cortical connections into supra- and infra-granular layers..<br> <strong>Non-retinogeniculate:</strong> Superior colliculus,<br> Suprachiasmatic nucleus. <strong>Local circuitry</strong> implicated in contextual fields and association fields (responsible for the influence of spatial context on target processing): lateral interactions; top-down interactions</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Oscillations (scalp EEG, LFP, and single/multi-unit).</p>
|
||
<p>ERP components: All of the sensory evoked potentials (from stimulus onset through N1), Ncl, ssVEP, tVEP.</p>
|
||
<p>BOLD (activation) of cortical regions.<br> <br> Adaptation/ habituation.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Stimulus detection. Discrimination, identification and localization. Perceptual priming. Visual acuity. Reading. Perceptual learning.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Perceptual anomalies of schizophrenia and depression.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><strong>Scheme I. Stages of Vision.</strong><br> <strong>Early vision</strong> retinotopic representations, local computations.<br> <strong>Intermediate vision</strong> Nonlocal properties of images, transformations beyond retinotopic representations (e.g., surface properties of the object independent of light, head position).<br> <strong>Late vision</strong> Representations of external objects (e.g., object identification, classification, visually guided action).<br> <strong>Scheme 2. Commonly Used Research Paradigms</strong><br> Vernier discrimination; Object recognition/perceptual closure/perceptual organization; object perception; contour integration/interpolation; face identification; emotion expression identification;<br> Parallel/serial search;<br> Reading; contrast sensitivity; lateral facilitation; biological motion processing; coherent motion; bistability; multistability; figure ground; backward masking; visual illusion susceptibility; cross modality paradigms.<br> <strong>Other schemes.</strong><br> Re-entrant processing.<br> Action-Perception loops.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br class="clearer">
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="auditory_perception" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Auditory Perception</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>BDNF</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Glutamate/<br> GABA/<br> NMDA/<br> serotonin/<br> Acetylcholine</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Cochlear hair cells; Ribbon synapses; cortical and limbic inhibitory interneurons.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Nodes in circuits: Cochlea; brainstem; MGN; A1; STG; ant. Insula; Inferior Colliculus.<br> Circuits: Dorsal/ventral streams; Corticofugal.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Sensory ERPs (e.g, P50, N1), Auditory steady-state response (ASSR); Intracortical EEG, Mismatch negativity (MMN); P3a; metabolic changes (fMRI, PET); startle and PPI; neural oscillations (e.g., GBR); adaptation/habituation. fMRI: regulation of hemodynamic components of sensory response and habituation.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Stimulus detection.<br> Spatial localization.</p>
|
||
Perceptual identification.<br> Perceptual priming. Perceptual learning.</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Auditory hallucinations; Hyperacusis</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Tone matching; deviance detection, regularity and change detection; McGurk (multisensory); auditory scene perception (e.g., streaming); bistability; novelty/oddball detection; detection of speech in noise, cross-modal interactions; auditory masking; Manipulation of ISI; and intensity<br> Object perception; Categorization;<br> Gating; self-monitoring; inhibitory control; same-different tasks; tone detection (e.g., JND tasks)<br> Action-Perception loops.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br class="clearer">
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="olfactory_perception" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="6" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Olfactory Somatosensory Multimodal Perception</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Manipulation of ISI, intensity for somatosensory stimulation; smell identification;</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<!-- <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="BasicTable" id="active_maintenance"><thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Active Maintenance</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div><a href="http://nimhpercprd.nimh.nih.gov:9992/Rhythmyx/assembler/render?sys_authtype=0&sys_variantid=777&sys_revision=90&sys_contentid=148625&sys_context=0#table_cognitiveSystems" inlinetype="rxhyperlink" rxinlineslot="103" sys_contentid="148625" sys_dependentid="148625" sys_dependentvariantid="777" sys_relationshipid="1438990" sys_variantid="777"><< back to matrix overview</a></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="6" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="" scope="col">Behavior and Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> Dopamine, D1R, D2R, Glutamate, NMDAR, GABA</td>
|
||
<td> Pyramidal, Distinct Types of Inhibitory Neurons</td>
|
||
<td> VLPFC</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td> N-Back, Delayed Match to Sample, Delayed Match to Non-Sample, Sequence Encoding and Reproduction, Sternberg Item Recognition (including recent negative variations), Complex Span Tasks, Letter Memory/Running Memory, Letter Number Sequencing, Simple Span Tasks (may be more appropriate for developmental populations, in adults may not capture all key elements of WM), Change Detection Tasks, Keep Track Task, AX-CPT/DPX, Self-Ordered Pointing</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="BasicTable" id="flexible_updating"><thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Flexible Updating</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div><a href="http://nimhpercprd.nimh.nih.gov:9992/Rhythmyx/assembler/render?sys_authtype=0&sys_variantid=777&sys_revision=90&sys_contentid=148625&sys_context=0#table_cognitiveSystems" inlinetype="rxhyperlink" rxinlineslot="103" sys_contentid="148625" sys_dependentid="148625" sys_dependentvariantid="777" sys_relationshipid="1439004" sys_variantid="777"><< back to matrix overview</a></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="6" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> Dopamine, D1R, D2R, Glutamate, GABA?</td>
|
||
<td> Medium Spiny Neurons (Basal Ganglia)</td>
|
||
<td> DLPFC, Dorsal Striatum, Inferior Parietal, MD & VA Thalamus (by virtue of their role in circuit)</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td> N-Back(?), Sternberg Item Recognition (including recent negative variations), Complex Span Tasks, Letter Memory/Running Memory(?), Letter Number Sequencing, Keep Track Task, AX-CPT/DPX, Self-Ordered Pointing</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="BasicTable" id="limited_capacity"><thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Limited Capacity</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div><a href="http://nimhpercprd.nimh.nih.gov:9992/Rhythmyx/assembler/render?sys_authtype=0&sys_variantid=777&sys_revision=90&sys_contentid=148625&sys_context=0#table_cognitiveSystems" inlinetype="rxhyperlink" rxinlineslot="103" sys_contentid="148625" sys_dependentid="148625" sys_dependentvariantid="777" sys_relationshipid="1438979" sys_variantid="777"><< back to matrix overview</a></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="6" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior and Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> Dopamine, D1R (gain), D2R (?), Glutamate, GABA</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> DLPFC, VLPFC, Dorsal Parietal, MD & VA Thalamus (by virtue of their role in circuit)(?)</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td> <br />
|
||
N-Back, Delayed Match to Sample, Delayed Match to Non-Sample, Sequence Encoding and Reproduction, Sternberg Item Recognition (including recent negative variations), Complex Span Tasks, Letter Memory/Running Memory, Letter Number Sequencing, Simple Span Tasks (may be more appropriate for developmental populations, in adults may not capture all key elements of WM), Change Detection Tasks, Keep Track Task, AX-CPT/DPX,Self-Ordered Pointing</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody></table>
|
||
|
||
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" class="BasicTable" id="interference_control"><thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Interference Control</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div><a href="http://nimhpercprd.nimh.nih.gov:9992/Rhythmyx/assembler/render?sys_authtype=0&sys_variantid=777&sys_revision=90&sys_contentid=148625&sys_context=0#table_cognitiveSystems" inlinetype="rxhyperlink" rxinlineslot="103" sys_contentid="148625" sys_dependentid="148625" sys_dependentvariantid="777" sys_relationshipid="1439010" sys_variantid="777"><< back to matrix overview</a></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="6" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior and Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</thead><tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> Dopamine, D1R, D2R, Glutamate, GABA</td>
|
||
<td> Distinct Types of Inhibitory Neurons, Parvalbumin, Calbindin</td>
|
||
<td> Inferior Parietal</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td> N-Back (if you include non-target lures), Delayed Match to Sample (if you use repeated items, or delay period interference), Delayed Match to Non-Sample (if you use repeated items, or delay period interference), Sternberg Item Recognition (including recent negative variations) (if you use repeated items, recent negative variation), Complex Span Tasks, Letter Memory/Running Memory(?), Letter Number Sequencing, Simple Span Tasks (may be more appropriate for developmental populations, in adults may not capture all key elements of WM) (if you use concurrent interference, as in Digit Span Distraction), Keep Track Task, Self-Ordered Pointing</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
</tbody></table> --><br class="clearer">
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="declarative_memory" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Declarative Memory</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>BDNF, KIBRA</td>
|
||
<td>Cholinergic, Glutamatergic, Noradrenergic. Opioid.</td>
|
||
<td>Pyramidal cells, granule cells, many types of inhibitory and excitatory interneurons, glia.</td>
|
||
<td>Intrinsic hippocampal circuitry (e.g., DG, CA1, CA3, subiculum); extrinsic hippocampal circuitry (bidirecitional connections between widespread higher order cortical areas and the parahippocampal region, and between the parahippocampal region and the hippocampus); PFC and PPC interactions with multiple association cortices.</td>
|
||
<td>LTP/LTD, NMDA-related synaptic plasticity, AMPA-related synaptic plasticity, place cell activity, conjunction codes, up/down states, frontal/temporal coordinated oscillations, subsequent memory effect (fMRI, ERP)</td>
|
||
<td>Learning, recall, discrimination, familiarity, recognition</td>
|
||
<td>Cognitive Assessment Interview</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Paired associate learning; delayed recall; transitive inference; acquired equivalence; list and story learning</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br class="clearer">
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="language" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Language</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>FOXP2; models based on songbirds; mouse knockout models</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Lateral superior and middle temporal cortices, inferior temporal cortex, inferior frontal cortex, inferior parietal cortex. Overlap with memory, motor, sensory, and emotional circuits</td>
|
||
<td>ERPs N400 (lexico-semantic and contextual processing; P600/late positivities (continued analysis); anterior negativities (language-related working memory)</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Production and comprehension of words, coherent sentences, and coherent discourse (rating scales) Thought, Language and Commuinication Scale, Thought Disorder Index,</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>Cognitive Assessment Interview</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><em>A) Language Production:</em><br> Naming<br> Verbal descriptions of visual depictions of events and states<br> Linguistic corpus-based analyses of language output.<br> <em>B) Language Comprehension:</em><br> 1) Offline measures<br> The detection and classification of semantic relationships between words.<br> The ability to distinguish between coherent and incoherent sentences and discourse.<br> The ability to answer questions about the content of sentences and discourse.<br> 2) Online measures<br> Listening and reading times to critical words and regions in linguistic input.<br> Patterns of eye movements (in eye tracking paradigms) or motor movements (in mouse tracking paradigms) to critical words and regions in linguistic input.<br> Patterns of eye movements to non-verbal visual stimuli during spoken language comprehension (the visual world paradigm).</p>
|
||
<p>Experimental Manipulations<br> Manipulations of different types of relationships between individual words in priming paradigms.<br> Manipulations of predictability and acceptability, at different levels of representation, in a linguistic input.<br> Manipulations of different types of coherence and cohesion between clauses in discourse.<br> Manipulations of relationships between language and non-verbal behaviors.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="goal_selection" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="6" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Cognitive Control
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Goal Selection, Updating, Representation and Maintenance</em><em></em><em><em></em></em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col"><em>-Goal Selection-</em></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>Frontopolar/<br> Anterior LPFC (BA10)<br> Inhibition of DMN</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>BRIEF (Gioa)</td>
|
||
<td>Badre tasks<br> Koechlin paradigm<br> Task Switching</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col"><em>-Updating, Representation and Maintenance-</em></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>COMT<br> BDNF<br> DISC1<br> 5HT2A<br> DRD4<br> DRD2<br> 5-HTTLPR</td>
|
||
<td>Glu, Dopamine,<br> GABA,<br> NE,<br> Acetylcholine</td>
|
||
<td>Pyramidal<br> PV</td>
|
||
<td>DLPFC<br> PPC<br> Thalamocortical</td>
|
||
<td>Gamma synchrony; pupilometry</td>
|
||
<td>Off-task behaviors; distractibility</td>
|
||
<td>Cognitive Failures Questionnaire<br> (Broadbent et al)<br> Disorganization Sx on SANS/SAPS/ PANSS<br> BRIEF (Gioa)</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Task Switching;<br> AX paradigms;<br> Cued stimulus-response reversal tasks; Tower tasks</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="response_selection" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="6" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Cognitive Control
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Response Selection, Inhibition/Suppression</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col"><em>-Response Selection-</em></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>COMT<br> CHRM4<br> BDNF<br> DRD4</td>
|
||
<td>Glu, Dopamine,<br> GABA,<br> NE,<br> Acetylcholine</td>
|
||
<td>Somatostatin<br> PV<br> Pyramidal</td>
|
||
<td>DLPFC<br> VLPFC<br> PPC</td>
|
||
<td>theta<br> gamma</td>
|
||
<td>Impulsive behaviors;</td>
|
||
<td>Disorganization Sx on SANS/SAPS/ PANSS BRIEF (Gioa)</td>
|
||
<td>Simon<br> Stroop<br> Flanker</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col"><em>-Inhibition/Suppression-</em></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>DRD4<br> DAT1<br> MAO-A<br> 5-HTT</td>
|
||
<td>Glu, Dopamine,<br> GABA,<br> NE,<br> Acetylcholine</td>
|
||
<td>Pyramidal</td>
|
||
<td>Ventrofronto-striatal<br> BA6/8 (FEF)<br> Pre-SMA PPC</td>
|
||
<td>Alpha<br> Pupilometry Short interval cortical inhibition (TMS)</td>
|
||
<td>Impulsive behaviors; off-task behaviors; distractibility</td>
|
||
<td>Conners impulsivity scale<br> ADHD Rating Scale (Dupaul)<br> BRIEF (Gioa)<br> ATQ/CBQ Effortful Control</td>
|
||
<td>Go/Nogo<br> Stimulus-Resp Incompat<br> Stop-Signal Reaction Time<br> Antisaccade<br> Countermanding<br> Conflicting and contralateral motor response task<br> Motor persistence paradigms (e.g. NEPSY statue task)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="performance_monitoring" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Cognitive Control
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Performance Monitoring</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>5HTTLPR</td>
|
||
<td>Dopamine,<br> 5HT</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>ACC / pre-SMA Insula (?)</td>
|
||
<td>ERN<br> N2<br> N450</td>
|
||
<td>Post-error or post-conflict adjustments in performance</td>
|
||
<td>YBOCS total score</td>
|
||
<td>Simon<br> Stroop<br> Flanker</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="active_maintenance" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Working Memory
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Active Maintenance</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>NGR1, DISC1, DTNBP1, BDNF, COMT, DRD2, DAT1</td>
|
||
<td>Dopamine, D1, Glutamate, NMDA, GABA</td>
|
||
<td>Pyramidal, Distinct types of inhibitory neurons</td>
|
||
<td>PFC-parietal-cingulate-dorsal thalamus-dorsal striatum, VLPFC, Inferior Parietal<strong></strong></td>
|
||
<td>Gamma waves (local ensemble), Theta waves (local/thalamal-cortical), Delta (cortico-cortical)<strong></strong></td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>N-back, delayed match to sample, delayed match to non sample, sequence encoding and reproduction, Sternberg Item Recognition, Complex Span tasks, Letter memory/running memory, Letter Number Sequencing, Simple Span Tasks (better for developmental populations), Change detection tasks, keep track task, AX-CPT/DPX, Self-Ordered Pointing<strong></strong></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="flexible_updating" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Working Memory
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Flexible Updating</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>NGR1, DISC1, DTNBP1, BDNF, COMT, DRD2, DAT1</td>
|
||
<td>Dopamine, D2, Glutamate, GABA</td>
|
||
<td>Medium Spiny Neurons (basal ganglia)</td>
|
||
<td>PFC-parietal-cingulate-dorsal thalamus-dorsal striatum, DLPFC, Dorsal Striatum, MD, VA thalamus</td>
|
||
<td>Gamma waves (local ensemble), Theta waves (local/thalamal-cortical), Delta (cortico-cortical</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>N-back, Sternberg Item Recognition, Complex Span tasks, Letter memory/running memory, Letter Number Sequencing, keep track task, AX-CPT/DPX, Self-Ordered Pointing</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="limited_capacity" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Working Memory
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Limited Capacity</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>NGR1, DISC1, DTNBP1, BDNF, COMT, DRD2, DAT1</td>
|
||
<td>Dopamine, D1, D2, Glutamate, GABA</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>PFC-parietal-cingulate-dorsal thalamus-dorsal striatum, DLPFC, VLPFC, Dorsal Parietal, Inferior Parietal, MD, VA thalamus</td>
|
||
<td>Gamma waves (local ensemble), Theta waves (local/thalamal-cortical), Delta (cortico-cortical)</td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td> </td>
|
||
<td>N-back, delayed match to sample, delayed match to non sample, sequence encoding and reproduction, Sternberg Item Recognition, Complex Span tasks, Letter memory/running memory, Letter Number Sequencing, Simple Span Tasks (better for developmental populations), Change detection tasks, keep track task, AX-CPT/DPX, Self-Ordered Pointing</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="interference_control" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Cognitive Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Working Memory
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Interference Control</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>NGR1, DISC1, DTNBP1, BDNF, COMT, DRD2, DAT1</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Dopamine, D1, D2, Glutamate, GABA</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Distinct types of inhibitory neurons, Parvalbumin, Calbindin, Calretinin</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>PFC-parietal-cingulate-dorsal thalamus-dorsal striatum, DLPFC</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Gamma waves (local ensemble), Theta waves (local/thalamal-cortical), Delta (cortico-cortical)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>N-back (if you include non-target lures), delayed match to sample, delayed match to non sample, Sternberg Item Recognition, Complex Span tasks, Letter memory/running memory, Letter Number Sequencing, Simple Span Tasks (better for developmental populations), keep track task, Self-Ordered Pointing</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<!-- <p><sup>2</sup> The Cognitive Control workgroup acknowledged that single gene findings are speculative, and may be misleading.</p> -->
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="attachment_formation" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Affiliation and attachment</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>OXTR, AVPR1A, MOR</p>
|
||
<p><sup>3</sup>OXT, Tyrosine Hydroxylase, DRD2, MOR,<br> <sup>3</sup>CRF, KOR, CRFR2, DRD1</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Oxytocin, vasopressin, oxytocin receptor, vasopressin 1a receptor, dopamine<br> Mu opioid receptor<br> <sup>3</sup>CRF, KOR, CRFR2, D1</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><sup>3</sup>Magnocellular OT</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>VTA- NAcc- VP-amygdala, PVN, OFC, FF gyrus, VMPFC<br> <sup>3</sup>Amygdala, BNST, PVN, NAcc</p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Sex steroid changes; HPA down-regulation; Vagal tone; Immune markers<br> HPA axis activation; immune responses (“sickness”); activation of sympathetic activity; vagal withdrawal</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Attachment Formation</strong>– maintaining proximity; preference for individual<br> <strong>Attachment maintenance</strong>– Distress upon separation</p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Scale; Attachment Questionnaire for Children Scale;<br> Adult Attachment Interview;<br> Bartholomew and Shaver<br> Examples (no comment on validity): Social Anhedonia scale; Experience in Close Relationships Scale, Parental Bonding Instrument, Attachment Style interview; QSORT Parent Attachment interview<br> Bereavement scales; social subscales of depression</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Social Buffering of Stress<br> Strange Situation<br> Separation</p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><sup>3</sup> Candidate molecules and circuits based on animal studies.</p>
|
||
<br class="clearer">
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="reception_facial_communication" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="5" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Social Communication
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Reception of Facial Communication</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" scope="col"></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>OXTR<br> CNTNAP2<br> 5HTT<br> COMT<br> FMR1<br> BDFN<br> Other autism risk genes</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Oxytocin<br> Vasopressin<br> Serotonin<br> GABA<br> FMRP<br> Testosterone<br> Dopamine</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Face selective neurons- FFA, STS, amygdala, mirror neurons</p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>V1-FFA-STS-amygdala<br> V1-FFA-STS-VS<br> IFG-INS-amygdala/VS<br> OFC-ACC-<br> amygdala-striatum<br> amygdala-brainstem<br> Resting state networks</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>SCR<br> HR/BP/respiration<br> Pupil dilation<br> Startle reflex<br> Facial EMG<br> ERP N170, N250; ECoG<br> Frontal brain asymmetry (decreased alpha to faces)<br> Local cerebral blood flow changes Network dynamics, including within and between network structure (e.g., coherence, functional connectivity)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Identification of emotion<br> Eye gaze detection<br> Scanning patterns<br> Behavioral observation/coding systems<br> Implicit mimicry</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Face dimensional rating scales<br> Arousal ratings</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Emotional face expression tests<br> Face feature manipulation (e.g. morphing)<br> Still Face paradigm<br> Distress paradigms<br> Social Reward paradigms<br> Emotional Stroop/emotional go/no-go<br> Social Flanker, other attention paradigms<br> Dynamic Social stimulus tasks<br> Conditioning paradigms<br> Joint attention tasks<br> Face priming tasks<br> Chimeric tasks<br> Masking paradigms<br> Implicit social perception tasks</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br class="clearer">
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="production_facial_communication" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="5" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Social Communication
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Production of Facial Communication</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>CNTNAP2<br> FOXP2<br> SHANK3<br> NRX1<br> OXTR<br> Other autism risk genes</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Contactin AP</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Eye movements:</strong> PPC-SC-SNc-SEF-FEF-CB<br> <strong>Facial Expression:</strong><br> Regions including PAG, AC</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Facial EMG<br> SC, HR variability, pupil dilation<br> Photoplethysmo-graphy (skin color measure of capillary dilation; temperature)<br> NIRS<br> Tear production</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Eye gaze aversion/contact<br> Head turning<br> Reciprocal eye contact<br> Reciprocal emotional expression<br> Facial affect production<br> Joint attention<br> Behavioral observation/coding systems<br> Imitation of facial gestures</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire</p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Imitation of affect<br> Directed facial action tasks expression: FACS and FACES coding system; other automated facial analysis<br> “Thin slices” of non-verbal behavior test<br> Relived Memories paradigm<br> Human-Computer interaction<br> Social games e.g. cyberball<br> Provocative tasks/settings to elicit expressions<br> Still Face paradigm<br> Distress paradigms</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><br class="clearer"> </p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="reception_nonfacial_communication" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="6" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Social Communication
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Reception of Non-Facial Communication</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>FOXP2,<br> CNTNAP2,<br> OXTR,<br> NGF</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Oxytocin</p>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>A1-RSTG, STS, VLPFC, MPFC</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>EEG features, e.g., evoked gamma<br> Local cerebral blood flow changes<br> Network dynamics, including within and between network structure (e.g., coherence, functional connectivity)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Comprehension of emotional prosody<br> Irony/sarcasm comprehension;<br> Metaphor comprehension;<br> Comprehension of non-verbal gestures<br> Humor comprehension</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Social Responsiveness Scale</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Sentence Prosody tests<br> CELF Prosody<br> Language vs. non-language discrimination<br> Biological Motion discrimination (with and without emotion)<br> Olfactory hedonics measures<br> Profile of non-verbal sensitivity<br> “Thin slices” of non-verbal behavior test<br> Still Face paradigm</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><br class="clearer"> </p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="production_nonfacial_communication" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="6" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Social Communication
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Production of Non-Facial Communication</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>FOXP2,<br> OXTR,<br> NGF</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>R-IFG-RSTG<br> (Songbird circuits?)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Response to distress/separation distress<br> Crying/laughing<br> Vocalizations<br> Speech (affective) prosody<br> Gestural/postural expressions<br> Interactive play</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Computer interface tasks<br> Vocal production coding systems e.g., spectral analysis, computational linguistics<br> Still Face paradigm</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><br class="clearer"> </p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="agency" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="5" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception and Understanding of Self
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Agency</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" scope="col"></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Right parietal; right insula, right inferior frontal; SMA, somatosensory, premotor</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Scalp Motor Potentials</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Evidence that one understands ownership of one's own body parts or action (thoughts/behaviors); Hallucinations; Delusions of Control</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Perceptual Aberration Scale</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Identification of one's own biological motion; Joy Stick manipulation (decoupling motor and sensory feedback); illusions of will; Ford Corollary Discharge Paradigm; Reality Monitoring</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><br class="clearer"> </p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="selfknowledge" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception and Understanding of Self
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Self-Knowledge</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Von Economo neurons</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>MPFC, posterior cingulate/precuneus, left inferior frontal cortex, ventral anterior cingulate (valence specific)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>P300s to self-relevant stimuli</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Developmentally appropriate perception of one's competences, skills, abilities beliefs, intentions, desires, and/or emotional states</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Levels of Emotional Awareness; Toronto Alexithymia scale; Private Self-Consciousness; Self Components of Attributional Styles Questionnaire; Self-monitoring scale</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Self Judgments; Self reference effect; Meta-cognition Tasks; Discrepancies in self and peer ratings [i.e., peer nomination]</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><br class="clearer"> </p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="animacy_perception" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception and Understanding of Others
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Animacy Perception</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>STS, extrastriate body area, occipital face area, fusiform face area</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>MU Suppression</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>The ability to appropriately attribute animacy to other agents</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Point-light displays; Attributions of contingent behavior</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><br class="clearer"> </p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="action_perception" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="5" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception and Understanding of Others
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Action Perception</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" scope="col"></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Mirror Neurons</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Ventral/dorsal premotor, inferior parietal, STS</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>MU suppression, cortico-spinal facilitation (TMS)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Imitation; mimicry; Gaze following; Ability to identify what actions an agent is executing</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale; Perspective Taking and Empathic Concern subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index; Empathy Quotient</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Action observation, Imitation, Self-Other Morphs; Non verbal decoding tasks; How component of Why/How Task; Profile of Non-Verbal Sensitivity; Empathic Accuracy Tasks</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><br class="clearer"> </p>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="understanding_mental_states" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="5" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Social Processes
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Perception and Understanding of Others
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><em>Subconstruct: Understanding Mental States</em></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Genes that influence Vasopressin or oxytocin</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Vasopressin; Oxytocin</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>MPFC, TPJ, temporal pole, precuneus; STS</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p> </p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Developmentally appropriate interpretations of other intentions, goals and beliefs</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Other components of Attributional Styles Questionnaires; Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale; Perspective taking and empathic concern subscales of interpersonal reactivity index; Empathy Quotient</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Other Trait or State Judgments; Strange Stores; Directors Task, Faux Pas; Reading the Mind in the Eye's; Why component of Why/How Task; Theory of Mind Tasks in children; Dunbar's Intentionality Questionnaire; Irony comprehension; Empathic Accuracy Tasks</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="arousal_regulatory" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Arousal and Regulatory Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Arousal</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Musarinic receptors (mAChRs, M1-M5)</p>
|
||
<p>Nicotinic receptors (16 nAChR genes)</p>
|
||
<p>ACHE</p>
|
||
<p>CHAT</p>
|
||
<p>VAChT</p>
|
||
<p>Serotonin receptors (5HT1-7)</p>
|
||
<p>5HTTs</p>
|
||
<p>Tryptophan Hydroxylase</p>
|
||
<p>Adrenergic receptors (α1, α2; β1-3)</p>
|
||
<p>Histamine receptors (H1-4)</p>
|
||
<p>Dopamine receptors (D1-5)</p>
|
||
<p>OX1R, OX2R/HCRT1, HCRT2 GABA-A, GABA-B, GABA-C</p>
|
||
<p>Glutamate Receptors: AMPA, kainate, NMDA, delta; mGluRs</p>
|
||
<p>Aadenosine receptors (A1-3)</p>
|
||
<p>DBH</p>
|
||
<p>NET</p>
|
||
<p>DAT</p>
|
||
<p>Leptin<br> Ghrelin receptors<br> Cytokine recepors</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Glutamate<br> Norepinephrine<br> Acetylcholine<br> Histamine<br> Dopamine<br> Hypocretin/Orexin<br> CRF<br> Serotonin<br> Leptin<br> Ghrelin<br> Opioids<br> Oxytocin<br> Vasopressin<br> Neuropeptide Y<br> GABA<br> Cytokines</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Locus Coeruleus</p>
|
||
<p>Tuberomammillary Nucleus</p>
|
||
<p>LDT, PPT</p>
|
||
<p>Basal Forebrain Nuclei</p>
|
||
<p>Lateral, perifornical, and dorsomedial hypothalamus</p>
|
||
<p>Dorsal Raphe</p>
|
||
<p>Ventral Tegmental Area</p>
|
||
<p>Central Nucleus Amygdala</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Cholinergic and monoaminergic Nuclei projections to thalamic and cortical (both neocortical and allocortical/hippocampus circuits)</p>
|
||
<p>Reciprocoal cholinergic and monoaminergic projection</p>
|
||
<p>Reciprocal hypothalamic (including hypocretin/orexin, tuberomammillary nucleus) projections to midbrain and pontine monoaminergic and cholinergic nuclei</p>
|
||
<p>Hypothalamic to thalamic and cortical circuits</p>
|
||
<p>Basal forebrain nuclei to cortical circuits</p>
|
||
<p>Corical circuits such as fronto-insular and dorsal anerior cingulate</p>
|
||
<p>Brainstem monoaminergic and cholinergic projections to basal forebrain</p>
|
||
<p>Central Amygdala to monoaminergic and basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei</p>
|
||
<p>Reciprocal NTS-Central N. Amygdala</p>
|
||
<p>Circadian and Sleep-related circuits modulate arousal and are modulated by arousal</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>EEG</p>
|
||
<p>EMG</p>
|
||
<p>ERPs</p>
|
||
<p>Autonomic: Heart Rate; Blood Pressure; Pupil Size; Galvanic skin Response; Breathing; etc.</p>
|
||
<p>HPA Axis: Glucocorticoids; ACTH; CRF</p>
|
||
<p>Sex-Specific Differences in Arousal</p>
|
||
<p>Brain activation as measured by fMRI</p>
|
||
<p>Neural activity</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Waking</p>
|
||
<p>Startle</p>
|
||
<p>Eye Blink</p>
|
||
<p>Motor Activity (increases and decreases)</p>
|
||
<p>Cognition: learning & memory; attention; executive function; etc.</p>
|
||
<p>Affective states: anxiety; etc.</p>
|
||
<p>Agitation</p>
|
||
<p>Emotional Reactivity</p>
|
||
<p>Sensory Reactivity</p>
|
||
<p>Motivated Behavior</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Arousal Self-Report Scales (e.g. ADACL, POMS arousal subscale, etc.); Self-assessment Mannequin</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>EEG and EMG recording<br>Indices of neural activity such as local field potentials and single neuron recordings; fMRI/PET<br>Psycho-<br> motor vigilance and other continuous performance tasks<br> Eye-blink<br> Eyelid closure<br> Startle<br> Odd-ball tasks<br> Auditory arousal threshold<br> Maintenance of wakefulness test<br> Actigraphy and other test of motor activity<br> Cortisol awakening response</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br class="clearer">
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="circadian_rhythms" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Arousal and Regulatory Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Circadian Rhythms</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div></div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes<sup>1</sup></th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Canonical (Core) Clock Genes:</strong> Clock;<br> Npas2;<br> Bmal1; Bmal2<br> Per1,2;<br> Cry1,2;</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Clock-Associated Genes:</strong> Rorα, β;<br> Rev-Erbα, β;<br> CK1 δ, ε;<br> CK2 α, β,<br> FBXL3,<br> FBXBL21,<br> DEC2, DEC2,<br> Dio2, Dio3,<br> Gsk 3β,<br> Per3</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Potential additional clock associated genes</strong><sup>1</sup></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Clock-controlled genes</strong><sup>1</sup></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Receptor genes:</strong><br> NMDAr;<br> AMPAr;<br> 5HTr;<br> GABAr;<br> NPYr;<br> SPr; VPAC1,2;<br> MT1,2</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Transcription/<br> translation factors/regulators:</strong> (cFos;<br> JunB;<br> CREB;<br> MAPK;<br> mTOR;<br> PGC1a; miRNA (e.g. miR-206, miR-132)<br> Dbp)</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Epigenetic factors</strong> (e.g. Sir2)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Input:</strong> melanopsin; PACAP; Glutamate; GABA; 5HT; NPY; Substance P; Dopamine</p>
|
||
<p><strong>SCN-synchronizing and modulating agents:</strong> VIP; AVP; NO; cAMP; cGMP; Calbindin; steroid hormones (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone)</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Output:</strong> melatonin; cortisol; AVP; VIP; GABA</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>ipRGC; rods and cones;</p>
|
||
<p>SCN “clock” cells;</p>
|
||
<p>medium spiny neurons, pars tuberalis cells, fibroblasts</p>
|
||
<p>Pineal cells</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Input:</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Retinal cells; Retino-hypothalamic tract;</p>
|
||
<p>Retinogeniculate tract;</p>
|
||
<p>Raphe to SCN projection;</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Intrinsic to SCN</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) core/shell</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Output:</strong> SCN projections to:</p>
|
||
<p>- PVN, DMH, subparaventricular zone, PVT<br> - Central extended amygdala (central nucleus of the amygdala/ Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis)<br> - Hypothalamic neuroendocrine cell groups<br> - Hypothalamic orexin projections<sup>2</sup><br> - Basolateral amygdala/ Hippo-campus<br> - SCN/PVN/SCG/pineal<sup>2</sup><br> - HPA axis<br> - Sympathetic/ parasympathetic nervous system</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Seasonal</strong></p>
|
||
<p>- SCN/PVN/SCG/pineal<sup>2</sup></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Gene expression</p>
|
||
<p>Neural activity</p>
|
||
<p>Neural transmitters</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Locomotor activity</p>
|
||
<p>Drive-regulated behaviors</p>
|
||
<p>Sleep-wake</p>
|
||
<p>Neurobehavioral functions (e.g., alertness, vigilance, affect, learning, memory)</p>
|
||
<p>Sleep-rated and waking behaviors</p>
|
||
<p>Masking (e.g., direct effect of environment on activity rhythms)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Phase, diurnal preference, chronotype (e.g., Horne-Ostberg, CTQ); Diary-based measures of daily regularity/ rhythmicity (e.g., Social Rhythm Metric); Sleepiness, alertness, well-being, mood</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Actigraphy of human circadian rest-activity rhythms in the real world<br> Sleep measures (see Sleep-Wake paradigms)<br> 24 hour LD light/dark (LD) cycle (test for entrainment of rhythms)<br> T cycles (non-24 hour LD cycles)<br> Phase response curve (PRC, phase dependent effects of single light [or other stimulus] pulses delivered at different circadian phases)<br> Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO, phase estimate)<br> Acute melatonin suppression by light (relative index of the sensitivity of the circadian system to light, e.g. wavelength, intensity, duration curves)<br> Pupillary light reflex (acute measure of rod, cone and melanopsin photosensitivity)<br> Sensory threshold testing (ERG, ERP, etc.)<br> Bioluminscent/<br> fluorescent real-time gene expression imaging<br> Masking (e.g., sleep effect on cognitive behavioral therapy)<br> Genetic Approaches – genome-wide association study, candidate gene, epigenomics, circadian genomics (temporal gene expression), mutagenesis, gene targeting, quantitative trait loci.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br class="clearer">
|
||
<table class="BasicTable" id="sleep_wakefulness" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Domain:</strong> Arousal and Regulatory Systems
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Construct:</strong> Sleep-Wakefulness</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="4" scope="col"></th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="central" colspan="8" scope="col">————— Units of Analysis —————</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th id="header1" scope="col">Genes</th>
|
||
<th id="header2" scope="col">Molecules</th>
|
||
<th id="header3" scope="col">Cells</th>
|
||
<th id="header4" scope="col">Circuits</th>
|
||
<th id="header5" scope="col">Physiology</th>
|
||
<th id="header6" scope="col">Behavior</th>
|
||
<th id="header7" scope="col">Self-Reports</th>
|
||
<th id="header8" scope="col">Paradigms</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><a href="#circadian_rhythms">Circadian Rhythms genes</a><br><br> <a href="#arousal_regulatory">Genes relevant to arousal</a><br><br> <strong>Genes with sleep-specific effects: </strong>Per3, Clock, Sur2, Dec2</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, including:</p>
|
||
<p>Acetylcholine<br> Norepinephrine<br> Serotonin<br> Dopamine<br> Histamine<br> GABA<br> Galanin<br> Adenosine<br> Hypocretin/Orexin<br> Glutamate<br> CRF<br> Vasopressin<br> NPY<br> Cytokines</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Lateral and perifornical hypothalamus<br> Anterior hypothalamus and basal forebrain<br> Posterior hypothalamus (TMN)<br> Brainstem (e.g., LC, Raphe, LDT/PPT, VTA)<br> Thalamus (median thalamic nuclei, reticular nucleus)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><strong>Wakefulness</strong></p>
|
||
<p><a href="#arousal_regulatory">Arousal</a> and <a href="#circadian_rhythms">Circadian Rhythms</a> circuits also subserve wakefulness</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Sleep</strong></p>
|
||
<p><strong>NREM sleep (forebrain):</strong><br> Basal forebrain and anterior hypothalamus projections to arousal promoting cell groups<br> Thalamo-cortical circuits</p>
|
||
<p><strong>REM sleep (brainstem):</strong><br> Mesopontine nuclei, especially regions ventral to locus coeruleus</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>EEG sleep spindles, EEG slow waves, EEG theta rhythms, Brain metabolic activity; EMG; EOG; sleep hormones; NREM sleep and REM sleep, wakefulness, Temporal and topographic organization of sleep dynamics; Temporal and topographic organization of homeostatic sleep drive during sleep; sleep latency; Capacity for wakefulness under low stimulation; Physiologic measures of sleepiness, homeostatic sleep drive during waking; Sex-specific sleep physiology</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Sleep (duration, continuity/ fragmentation, architecture), wakefulness<br> Sleep deprivation and satiation<br> Sleep timing and variability<br> Rest-activity patterns (actigraphy)<br> Sleep inertia<br> Sleep-dependent neurobehavioral functions (e.g., memory consolidation, affect, affect regulation, alertness, vigilance, impulsivity, risk-taking)<br> Motor behaviors during sleep<br> Intermediate/ admixed sleep-wake states<br> Sensory arousal threshold<br> Co-sleeping<br> Sex-specific sleep behaviors</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>Sleep quality, restoration, quantity (e.g., insomnia, hypersomnia)<br> Sleep timing<br> Alertness, sleepiness<br> Fatigue<br> Dream reports<br> Specific sleep symptoms<br> Sleep-modulated symptoms (e.g., mood, alertness)</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>EEG (e.g., sleep staging, quantitative EEG, topographic mapping, source localization)<br> MEG<br> TMS<br> Nocturnal polysomnography (may include measures of respiration, heart rate variability (HRV), other)<br> Arousal threshold testing<br> Multiple sleep latency testing<br> Maintenance of wakefulness testing<br> Measurement of slow eye movements during wakefulness (physiologic measures of sleepiness, homeostatic sleep drive)<br> Locomotor activity (e.g., actigraphy)<br> Total, partial, and stage-selective deprivation paradigms<br> Non-24-hour sleep-wake schedules (e.g., forced desynchrony, ultrashort schedules)<br> Neurobehavioral testing in relation to sleep<br> Sleep-dependent memory consolidation, fear extinction<br> Functional imaging techniques: e.g., fMRI, PET, MEG, high-density EEG<br> Self-report methods include retrospective symptom and sleep reports, daily sleep diaries</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<br class="clearer"><hr>
|
||
<h3>Notes regarding the Units of Analysis</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>“Circuits” can refer to measurements of particular circuits as studied by neuroimaging techniques, and/or other measures validated by animal models or functional neuroimaging (e.g., emotion-modulated startle, event-related potentials).</li>
|
||
<li>“Physiology” refers to measures that are well-established indices of certain constructs, but that do necessarily not tap circuits directly (e.g., heart rate, event-related potentials).</li>
|
||
<li>“Behavior” can refer variously to behavioral tasks (e.g., a working memory task), or to behavioral observations.</li>
|
||
<li>“Self-reports” refer to interview scales, questionnaires, or other instruments that may encompass normal-range and/or abnormal aspects of the dimension of interest.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</body></html>
|
||
|
||
</div>
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