2368 lines
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2368 lines
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<p>The Division of Intramural Research Programs (IRP) is the internal research division of the NIMH. Over 40 research groups conduct basic neuroscience research and clinical investigations of mental illnesses, brain function, and behavior at the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Learn more about research conducted at NIMH.</p>
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<a class="pagenav_item_text nav_item_text single-link" href="#part_10459">Suicide is One of The Leading Causes of Death in the United States</a>
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<a class="pagenav_item_text nav_item_text single-link" href="#part_2560">Suicide Thoughts and Behaviors Among U.S. Adults</a>
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<h1 class="splashBanner__title" >Suicide</h1>
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<p>If you are in crisis, call or text the <a href="https://988lifeline.org/" rel="external noreferrer">988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a> at <strong>988</strong>, available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The Lifeline provides confidential support to anyone in suicidal crisis or emotional distress. Support is also available via <a href="https://988lifeline.org/" rel="external noreferrer">live chat <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>. Para ayuda en español, llame al 988.</p>
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<p>Suicide is a major public health concern. Suicide is among the leading causes of death in the United States. Based on recent mortality data, suicide in some populations is on the rise.</p>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2584" data-cms-title="Definitions" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<h2 id="part_2584">Definitions</h2>
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<ul><li><strong>Suicide</strong> is defined as death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with intent to die as a result of the behavior.</li><li>A <strong>suicide attempt </strong>is a self-directed, potentially injurious behavior with intent to die as a result of the behavior. A suicide attempt might not result in death or injury.</li><li><strong>Suicidal ideation </strong>refers to thinking about, considering, or planning suicide.</li></ul><p>Additional information about suicide can be found on the <a href="/health/topics/suicide-prevention" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b8048df6-09f5-4ca2-b502-4ea5e54a54a0" data-entity-substitution="canonical">NIMH health topics page on Suicide Prevention</a>.</p>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="10459" data-cms-title="Suicide is One of The Leading Causes of Death in the United States" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<h2 id="part_10459">Suicide is One of The Leading Causes of Death in the United States</h2>
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<ul><li>According to the <a href="https://wisqars.cdc.gov/lcd/?o=LCD&y1=2022&y2=2022&ct=12&cc=ALL&g=00&s=0&r=0&ry=3&e=0&ar=lcd1age&at=groups&ag=lcd1age&a1=0&a2=199" rel="external">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WISQARS Leading Causes of Death Reports <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>, in 2022:<ul><li>Suicide was the eleventh leading cause of death overall in the United States, claiming the lives of over 49,400 people.</li><li>Suicide was the second leading cause of death among individuals between the ages of 10-14 and 25-34, the third leading cause of death among individuals between the ages of 15-24, and the fourth leading cause of death among individuals between the ages of 35 and 44.</li><li>There were nearly two times as many suicides (49,476) in the United States as there were homicides (24,849).</li></ul></li></ul><p>Table 1 shows the eleven leading causes of death in the United States, and the number of deaths attributed to each cause. Data are shown for all ages and select age groups where suicide was one of the leading eleven causes of death in 2022. The data are based on death certificate information compiled by the CDC.</p><style type="text/css">.responsive_table {
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</style><h4>Table 1</h4><div class="chart chart--table"><ul class="chart__dropdown-nav"><li class="chart__menu-toggle"><em><i class="fas fa-bars"> </i></em></li><li class="chart__png">Download PNG image</li><li class="chart__pdf">Download PDF document</li></ul><table><caption class="chartFeatureTable__caption">Leading Causes of Death in the United States for Select Age Groups (2022)<br><span style="font-size:small;">Data Courtesy of CDC</span></caption><thead><tr><th> </th><th colspan="7"><p class="text-align-center">Ages</p></th><th> </th></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">Rank</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">5-9</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">10-14</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">15-24</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">25-34</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">35-44</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">45-54</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">55-64</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">All Ages</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">1</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Unintentional<br>Injury<br>726</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Unintentional<br>Injury<br>926</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Unintentional<br>Injury<br>14,669</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Unintentional<br>Injury<br>33,058</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Unintentional<br>Injury<br>36,972</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>33,363</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>105,133</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Heart<br>Disease<br>702,880</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">2</th><td class="highlight chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>393</td><td class="highlight chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data chartFeatureTable__cell--highlight" style="background-color:#9dd4ff;"><strong>Suicide</strong><br><strong>493</strong></td><td class="highlight chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Homicide<br>6,262</td><td class="highlight chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data chartFeatureTable__cell--highlight" style="background-color:#9dd4ff;"><strong>Suicide</strong><br><strong>8,663</strong></td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Heart Disease<br>12,258</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Heart<br>Disease<br>32,298</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Heart<br>Disease<br>85,733</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>608,371</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">3</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Congenital<br>Anomalies<br>241</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>442</td><td class="highlight chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data chartFeatureTable__cell--highlight" style="background-color:#9dd4ff;"><strong>Suicide</strong><br><strong>6,040</strong></td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Homicide<br>6,712</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>11,177</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>31,394</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Unintentional<br>Injury<br>34,017</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Unintentional<br>Injury<br>227,039</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">4</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Homicide<br>180</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Homicide<br>366</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>1,421</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Heart<br>Disease<br>3,789</td><td class="highlight chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data chartFeatureTable__cell--highlight" style="background-color:#9dd4ff;"><strong>Suicide</strong><br><strong>8,185</strong></td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">COVID-19<br>9,678</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">COVID-19<br>24,252</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">COVID-19<br>186,552</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">5</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Influenza & Pneumonia<br>77</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Congenital<br>Anomalies<br>205</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Heart<br>Disease<br>848</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Malignant<br>Neoplasms<br>3,641</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Liver Disease<br>5,501</td><td class="highlight chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Liver Disease<br>9,401</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Diabetes<br>Mellitus<br>17,410</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Cerebro-<br>vascular<br>165,393</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">6</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Heart<br>Disease<br>73</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Heart<br>Disease<br>145</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">COVID-19<br>447</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Liver<br>Disease<br>1,786</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Homicide<br>4,765</td><td class="highlight chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data chartFeatureTable__cell--highlight" style="background-color:#9dd4ff;"><strong>Suicide</strong><br><strong>7,781</strong></td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">CLRD<br>17,138</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">CLRD<br>147,382</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">7</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">COVID-19<br>62</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">COVID-19<br>69</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Congenital<br>Anomalies<br>412</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">COVID-19<br>1,640</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">COVID-19<br>3,841</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Diabetes<br>Mellituse<br>7,364<br> </td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Liver Disease<br>16,484</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Alzheimer's<br>Disease<br>120,122</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">8</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">CLRD<br>48</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">CLRD<br>58</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Diabetes<br>Mellitus<br>324</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Diabetes<br>Mellitus<br>1,188</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Diabetes<br>Mellitus<br>2,879</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Cerebro-<br>vascular<br>5,563</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Cerebro-<br>vascular<br>14,173</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Diabetes<br>Mellitus<br>101,209</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">9</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Cerebrovascular<br>45</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Cerebrovascular<br>55</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">CLRD<br>197</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Cerebrovascular<br>599</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Cerebro-<br>vascular<br>2,150</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">CLRD<br>2,987</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data chartFeatureTable__cell--highlight" style="background-color:#9dd4ff;"><strong>Suicide</strong><br><strong>7,864</strong></td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Nephritis<br>57,937</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">10</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Septicemia<br>33</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Influenza & Pneumonia<br>54</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Influenza & Pneumonia<br>168</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Complicated<br>Pregnancy<br>591</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Nephritis<br>1,029</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Homicide<br>2,740</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Nephritis<br>6,668</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Liver<br>Disease<br>54,803</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">11</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Anemias<br>20*</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Benign<br>Neoplasms<br>35</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Complicated<br>Pregnancy<br>164</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Congenital<br>Anomalies<br>490</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Septicemia<br>1,024</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Nephritis<br>2,679</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">Septicemia<br>6,167</td><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data chartFeatureTable__cell--highlight" style="background-color:#9dd4ff;"><strong>Suicide</strong><br><strong>49,476</strong></td></tr></tbody></table><p>CLRD: Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease</p><p>COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</p><p>*Unstable values (for more information, see the <a href="https://wisqars.cdc.gov/glossary/" rel="external">WISQARS Glossary <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a> entry on Suppressed Notations)</p><p>Note: Suicide is not among the eleven leading causes of death among children in the 0-4 year age group nor in adults in the age group 65 years and older (data not shown).</p></div>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2557" data-cms-title="Suicide Rates" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<h2 id="part_2557">Suicide Rates</h2>
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<h3>Trends over Time</h3><ul><li>Suicide rates are based on the number of people who have died by suicide per 100,000 population. The use of ‘age-adjusted’ rates allows for comparison of differences in population age distributions and changes in population size over time, including from one year to another year.</li><li>Figure 1 shows age-adjusted suicide rates in the United States for each year from 2000 through 2022 for the total population, and for males and females separately.<ul><li>The total age-adjusted suicide rate in the United States increased 35.2% from 10.4 per 100,000 in 2000 to 14.2 per 100,000 in 2018, before declining to 13.9 per 100,000 in 2019 and declining again to 13.5 per 100,000 in 2020. The total age-adjusted suicide rate in the United States increased to 14.0 per 100,000 in 2021 and then increased again to 14.2 per 100,000 in 2022.</li><li>In 2022, the suicide rate among males was 4 times higher (22.9 per 100,000) than among females (5.9 per 100,000).</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Figure 1</h4>
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<div class="chart_callout" data-nid="11501"><h3>Demographics</h3><ul><li>Crude suicide rate calculations take into account population size within subgroups in any given year or timeframe. They can be a useful tool for understanding the relative proportion of people affected within different demographic groups.</li><li>Figure 2 shows the crude rates of suicide within sex and age categories in 2022.<ul><li>Among females, the suicide rate was highest for those age 45-64 (8.6 per 100,000).</li><li>Among males, the suicide rate was highest for those age 75 and older (43.9 per 100,000).</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Figure 2</h4></div>
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<div class="chart_callout" data-nid="11503"><h3>Suicide Rates by State</h3><ul><li>Just as state population numbers and age distributions vary, suicide rates can vary widely from state to state. Based on data from the CDC <a href="https://wisqars.cdc.gov/explore/" rel="external">WISQARS Fatal Injury Data Visualization Tool <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>, Figure 4 shows a map of the United States with each state’s age-adjusted suicide rate in 2022 indicated by color. This age adjustment of suicide rates allows for the comparison of states in a way that the age distribution differences between states do not affect the suicide rate.</li></ul><h4>Figure 4</h4></div>
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<div id="chart_dataTable_11503" class="chartTable_container"><div>Source: CDC - WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System) Fatal Injury Mapping<br>Website: <a href="https://wisqars.cdc.gov:8443/cdcMapFramework/mapModuleInterface.jsp" rel="external">https://wisqars.cdc.gov:8443/cdcMapFramework/mapModuleInterface.jsp <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a> Applied Filters: Suicide All Injury Deaths<br>States: All States<br>Race: All Races<br>Ethnicity: All Ethnicities<br>Sex: All Sexes<br>Year Range: 2020-2021<br>Age Range: All Ages</div></div>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2558" data-cms-title="Suicide by Method" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<h2 id="part_2558">Suicide by Method</h2>
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<p>Data in Table 2 and Figure 5 are courtesy of the <a href="https://wisqars.cdc.gov/reports/?o=MORT&y1=2022&y2=2022&t=0&d=&i=2&m=20810&g=00&me=0&s=1&r=0&ry=3&e=0&yp=65&a=ALL&g1=0&g2=199&a1=0&a2=199&r1=MECH&r2=NONE&r3=NONE&r4=NONE" rel="external">CDC WISQARS Fatal Injury Reports <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>.</p><h3>Number of Suicide Deaths by Method</h3><ul><li>Table 2 includes information on the total number of suicide deaths for the most common methods.</li><li>In 2022, firearms were the most common method used in suicide deaths in the United States, accounting for over half of all suicide deaths (27,032).</li></ul><h4>Table 2</h4><div class="chart chart--table"><ul class="chart__dropdown-nav"><li class="chart__menu-toggle"><em><i class="fas fa-bars"> </i></em></li><li class="chart__png">Download PNG image</li><li class="chart__pdf">Download PDF document</li></ul><table><caption class="chartFeatureTable__caption">Suicide by Method (2022)<br>Data Courtesy of CDC</caption><thead><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">Suicide Method</th><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="col">Number of Deaths</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Total</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">49,476</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Firearm</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">27,032</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Suffocation</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">12,247</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Poisoning</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">6,150</td></tr><tr><th class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__heading" scope="row">Other</th><td class="chartFeatureTable__cell chartFeatureTable__data">4,047</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<div class="chart_callout" data-nid="11504"><h3>Percent of Suicide Deaths by Method</h3><ul><li>Figure 5 shows the percentages of suicide deaths by method among females and males in 2022. Among females, the most common methods of suicide were firearm (34.2%), poisoning (29.8%), and suffocation (26.5%). Among males, the most common methods of suicide were firearm (59.9%) followed by suffocation (24.3%).</li></ul><h4>Figure 5</h4></div>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2560" data-cms-title="Suicide Thoughts and Behaviors Among U.S. Adults" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<p>Data in Figure 6, Figure 7, and Figure 8 are based on data from the <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-nsduh-detailed-tables" rel="external">2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a> (NSDUH)<a href="#otp_nsduh"><sup>1</sup></a> by the <a href="http://www.samhsa.gov/" rel="external">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a> (SAMHSA).</p>
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<div class="chart_callout" data-nid="11505"><ul><li>Figure 6 shows that 5.0% of adults age 18 and older in the United States had thoughts about suicide in 2023.<ul><li>Among adults across all age groups, the prevalence of suicide thoughts was highest among young adults age 18-25 (12.2%).</li><li>Among adults age 18 and older, the prevalence of suicide thoughts was highest among adults who identify with two or more races (12.0%).</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Figure 6</h4></div>
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<div class="chart_callout" data-nid="11506"><ul><li>Figure 7 shows that in 2023, 0.6% of adults age 18 and older in the United States report they attempted suicide in in the past year.<ul><li>Among adults across all age groups, the prevalence of suicide attempt in the past year was highest among young adults age 18-25 years old (2.0%).</li><li>Among adults age 18 and older, the prevalence of suicide attempts in the past year was highest among American Indian / Alaskan Native adults and adults who identify with two or more races (both 1.3%).</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Figure 7</h4></div>
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<div class="chart_callout" data-nid="11507"><ul><li>Figure 8 shows that in 2023, 12.8 million adults age 18 or older reported having thoughts of suicide, and 1.5 million adults attempted suicide during the past year.</li></ul><h4>Figure 8</h4></div>
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a.click();
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}
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}]
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}
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}
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}, function(chart) {
|
||
chart.renderer.image('/sites/default/files/images/stats/suicide-stats.png', 0, 75, 779, 380.9796875).add().attr('preserveAspectRatio', 'xMaxYMax');
|
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});
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</script>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2585" data-cms-title="Data Sources" data-cms-anchor="1">
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||
<h2 id="part_2585">Data Sources</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Atlanta, GA: National Centers for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html" rel="external">https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>.</p><p>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2024). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP23-07-01-006, NSDUH Series H-58). Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-nsduh-annual-national-report" rel="external">https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-nsduh-annual-national-report <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>.</p><h3>Statistical Methods and Measurement Caveats</h3><h4 id="otp_nsduh">National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)</h4><p>Population:</p><ul><li>NSDUH participants are representative of the civilian, non-institutionalized population age 12 years old or older residing within the United States.</li><li>The survey covers residents of households (persons living in houses/townhouses, apartments, condominiums; civilians living in housing on military bases, etc.) and persons in non-institutional group quarters (for example: shelters, rooming/boarding houses, college dormitories, migratory workers' camps, and halfway houses).</li><li>The survey does not cover persons who, for the entire year, had no fixed address (for example: persons experiencing homelessness and/or transient persons not in shelters); were on active military duty; or who resided in institutional group quarters (for example: correctional facilities and hospitals ). The survey also does not include persons who are unable to complete the survey in either English or Spanish or persons who are not physically or mentally capable of completing the interview.</li><li>A new self-administered demographics section is included at the beginning of the questionnaire, including new questions about respondents’ gender identity. Questions about sex, Hispanic origin, and race (that are used to create estimates for reports and tables) were moved to this new section, and the question about respondents’ sex was revised to ask about sex assigned at birth instead of asking whether respondents were male or female.</li></ul><p>Interview Response and Completion:</p><ul><li>In 2023, 49.1% of the selected NSDUH sample of people 18 or older did not complete the interview. This rate of non-response is lower than in 2021 and 2022, but higher than in years 2020 and earlier. Please see the Background on the 2023 NSDUH and the COVID-19 Pandemic section below for more information.</li><li>Reasons for non-response to interviewing include the following: refusal to participate (26.1%); respondent unavailable, never at home, or did not respond to the web survey (18.3%); and other reasons such as partially completed but unusable interviews, physically/mentally incapable or language barriers (4.7%).</li><li>People with suicide behavior may disproportionately fall into these non-response categories. While NSDUH weighting includes non-response adjustments to reduce bias, these adjustments may not fully account for differential non-response by suicide behavior status. Prior to the 2020 NSDUH, this bias was deemed small and inconsequential due to low rates of item nonresponse and low prevalence estimates for outcomes imputed using the zero-fill method. With the increase in break-offs among adults in 2020 who completed the questionnaire via the web, the potential bias of this approach for handling missing data became of greater concern. Therefore, missing values in the variables associated with multiple outcomes, including for suicide thoughts and behaviors, were statistically imputed beginning in 2021.</li></ul><p>Data Suppression:</p><ul><li>For some groups, data are not reported due to low precision. Data may be suppressed in the above charts if the data do not meet acceptable ranges for prevalence estimates, standard error estimates, and sample size.</li></ul><p>Background on the 2023 NSDUH and the COVID-19 Pandemic:</p><ul><li>Data collection methods for the 2023 NSDUH changed in several ways because of the COVID-19 pandemic: the 2023 NSDUH continued the use of multimode data collection procedures (both in-person and virtual data collection) that were first implemented in the fourth quarter of the 2020 NSDUH. Overall, 36.1% of interviews were completed via the web, and 63.9% were completed in person. For comparison, more than half of interviews in 2021 (54.6%) were completed via the web, and more than half of interviews in 2022 (57.6%) were completed in person. In 2023, the weighted response rates for household screening and for interviewing were 24.4% and 50.5%, respectively, for an overall response rate of 12.3% for people age 12 or older. Given the use of multimode data collection procedures through the entirety of the collection year and the rate of non-response, comparison of estimates from the 2023 NSDUH with those from prior years must be made with caution.</li></ul><p>Please see the <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-methodological-summary-and-definitions" rel="external">2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Methodological Summary and Definitions report <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a> for further information on how these data were collected and calculated.</p><p>Last Updated: February 2025</p>
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</section>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="7688" data-cms-title="If You are in Crisis" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<h2 id="part_7688">If You are in Crisis</h2>
|
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|
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<p>If you are in crisis, call or text the <a href="https://988lifeline.org/" rel="external noreferrer">988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a> at <strong>988</strong>, available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The Lifeline provides confidential support to anyone in suicidal crisis or emotional distress. Support is also available via <a href="https://988lifeline.org/" rel="external noreferrer">live chat <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a>. Para ayuda en español, llame al 988. </p><a href="https://988lifeline.org/"><article class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-default">
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<span class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/images/988_0.png" width="182" height="48" alt="988 icon for Suicide & Crisis Lifeline">
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</span>
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</article>
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</a>
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</section>
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<section class="box_section" data-nid="2561" data-cms-title="Additional Resources" data-cms-anchor="1">
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<h2 id="part_2561">Additional Resources</h2>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/" rel="external noreferrer">National Suicide Prevention Lifeline <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.veteranscrisisline.net/ChatTermsOfService.aspx?account=Veterans%20Chat" rel="external noreferrer">Veterans Crisis Line <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li>
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<li><a href="http://actionallianceforsuicideprevention.org/" rel="external noreferrer">National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li>
|
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<li><a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/suicide.html" rel="external">National Library of Medicine - Suicide <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/national-strategy-suicide-prevention" rel="external">National Strategy for Suicide Prevention <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li>
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<li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="6680b0d6-7c7f-4ff3-8f86-a71950454aa6" href="/news/media/index-suicide-prevention">NIMH Multimedia on Suicide Prevention</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.stopbullying.gov/" rel="external">StopBullying.gov <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-up-right-from-square ext-link-icon"></i></a></li>
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</ul>
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