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<meta name="keywords" content="C5543228, disease or syndrome, nedcafd, neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral atrophy and variable facial dysmorphism, ttc5, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, birth defects, chromosomal disease, chromosome, clinical features, clinical findings, clinical genetics, clinical recommendations, clinvar, congenital chromosomal disease, consumer genetic resources, cytogenetic location, disease characteristics, disease definitions, disease descriptions, disease ontology, disease synonyms, disease vocabulary, dysmorphology, entrez, familial disease, gene, gene-disease relationship, genereviews, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic terminology, genetic testing registry, genetics home reference, genomic disease, gtr, hereditary disease, heritable disease, hpo, human phenotype ontology, inherited disease, management guidelines, maternal inheritance, medgen, medical genetics, medical subject headings, mesh, mitochondrial inheritance, mode of inheritance, national center for biotechnology information, national institutes of health, national library of medicine, ncbi, nih, nlm, omim, ordo, orphanet, paternal inheritance, phenome, position statements, professional practice guidelines, rare disease, reference sequence, refseq, snomed ct, syndrome, undiagnosed diseases, x-linked recessive" /><meta name="description" content="Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral atrophy and facial dysmorphism (NEDCAFD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from birth. Affected individuals have hypotonia with inability to walk and severely impaired intellectual development with absent language. Most patients have variable dysmorphic facial features including prominent eyes, protruding and low-set ears, and thin upper lip. Brain imaging shows cerebral atrophy, corpus callosum hypoplasia, and a simplified gyral pattern (summary by Rasheed et al., 2021)." /><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive" />
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<title>Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral atrophy and variable facial dysmorphism (Concept Id: C5543228)
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<!--
UID=1786662
ConceptID=C5543228
-->
<!--imgCountBooks = 0--><h1 class="medgenTitle"><div class="MedGenTitleText">Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral atrophy and variable facial dysmorphism<span class="h1sub">(NEDCAFD)</span></div></h1><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1786662</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information."><span class="highlight" style="background-color:">C5543228</span></a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div><table class="medgenTable"><tbody><tr><td>Synonyms:</td>
<td>NEDCAFD; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH CEREBRAL ATROPHY AND VARIABLE FACIAL DYSMORPHISM</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td><a class="help jig-ncbi-popper" data-jig="ncbipopper" href="#target-gene-loc">Gene (location):<img class="pulldown" src="//static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4223267/img/4204968" /></a><div class="display-none" id="target-gene-loc">
Gene(s) directly associated with<br />
this condition or phenotype.</div></td>
<td><a target="_blank" title="TTC5 - ID: 91875 - NCBI Gene" href="/gene/91875" class="medgenPMinfo">TTC5</a> (14q11.2)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="small"> </td></tr><tr><td>Monarch Initiative:</td>
<td><a href="https://monarchinitiative.org/disease/MONDO:0030999" target="_blank">MONDO:0030999</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OMIM<span class="superscript">®</span>:</td>
<td><a href="https://omim.org/entry/619244" target="_blank">619244</a></td></tr>
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<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_100">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Definition">Definition</h1><a sid="100" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln">Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral atrophy and facial dysmorphism (NEDCAFD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent from birth. Affected individuals have hypotonia with inability to walk and severely impaired intellectual development with absent language. Most patients have variable dysmorphic facial features including prominent eyes, protruding and low-set ears, and thin upper lip. Brain imaging shows cerebral atrophy, corpus callosum hypoplasia, and a simplified gyral pattern (summary by Rasheed et al., 2021). [from <a title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man" href="http://www.omim.org" class="defSource" target="_blank">OMIM</a>]</div>
</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_102">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Clinical_features">Clinical features</h1><a sid="102" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln clinfeat"><strong>From HPO</strong><br />
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_8192"><div><strong>Cryptorchidism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>8192</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0010417</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/8192">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cryptorchidism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%208192%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_65980"><div><strong>Low-set ears</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>65980</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0239234</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/65980">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low-set%20ears%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2065980%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1375"><div><strong>Aggressive behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1375</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0001807</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Individual Behavior</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen?term=%22Aggressive%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201375%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_20693"><div><strong>Seizure</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>20693</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0036572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/20693">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Seizure%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2020693%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_52372"><div><strong>Sleep abnormality</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>52372</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0037317</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/52372">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Sleep%20abnormality%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2052372%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_104498"><div><strong>Corpus callosum, agenesis of</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>104498</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0175754</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the central nervous system and the major interhemispheric fiber bundle in the brain. Formation of the corpus callosum begins as early as 6 weeks' gestation, with the first fibers crossing the midline at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation, and completion of the basic shape by age 18 to 20 weeks (Schell-Apacik et al., 2008). Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most frequent malformations in brain with a reported incidence ranging between 0.5 and 70 in 10,000 births. ACC is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, which can be observed either as an isolated condition or as a manifestation in the context of a congenital syndrome (see MOLECULAR GENETICS and Dobyns, 1996). Also see mirror movements-1 and/or agenesis of the corpus callosum (MRMV1; 157600).&#13; Schell-Apacik et al. (2008) noted that there is confusion in the literature regarding radiologic terminology concerning partial absence of the corpus callosum, where various designations have been used, including hypogenesis, hypoplasia, partial agenesis, or dysgenesis.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/104498">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corpus%20callosum%2C%20agenesis%20of%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20104498%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_116012"><div><strong>Cerebral atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>116012</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0235946</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/116012">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Cerebral%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20116012%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_78722"><div><strong>Leukoencephalopathy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>78722</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0270612</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">This term describes abnormality of the white matter of the cerebrum resulting from damage to the myelin sheaths of nerve cells.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/78722">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Leukoencephalopathy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2078722%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_96560"><div><strong>Corpus callosum atrophy</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>96560</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0431370</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The presence of atrophy (wasting) of the corpus callosum.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/96560">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Corpus%20callosum%20atrophy%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2096560%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_105318"><div><strong>Delayed speech and language development</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>105318</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0454644</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/105318">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20speech%20and%20language%20development%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20105318%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_163547"><div><strong>Autistic behavior</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>163547</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0856975</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/163547">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Autistic%20behavior%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20163547%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_340737"><div><strong>Absent speech</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>340737</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1854882</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/340737">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Absent%20speech%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20340737%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_383904"><div><strong>Lateral ventricle dilatation</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>383904</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856409</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Pathologic Function</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/383904">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Lateral%20ventricle%20dilatation%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20383904%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_413664"><div><strong>Simplified gyral pattern</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>413664</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C2749675</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of the cerebral cortex with fewer gyri but with normal cortical thickness. This pattern is usually often associated with congenital microcephaly.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/413664">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Simplified%20gyral%20pattern%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20413664%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_811461"><div><strong>Intellectual disability</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>811461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C3714756</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/811461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Intellectual%20disability%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20811461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_870494"><div><strong>Dilated third ventricle</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>870494</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4024941</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An increase in size of the third ventricle.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/870494">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dilated%20third%20ventricle%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20870494%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1370611"><div><strong>Delayed ability to stand</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1370611</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476709</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A failure to achieve the ability to stand up at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children begin to walk alone at 11 to 15 months of age. On average, children can stand while holding on at the age of 9 to 10 months, can pull up to stand and walk with one hand being held at 12 months, and can stand alone and walk well at 18 months.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1370611">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20ability%20to%20stand%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201370611%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1368737"><div><strong>Delayed ability to sit</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1368737</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4476710</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A failure to achieve the ability to sit at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children sit with support at 6 months of age and sit steadily without support at 9 months of age.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1368737">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Delayed%20ability%20to%20sit%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201368737%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_44042"><div><strong>Kyphosis</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>44042</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0022821</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Anatomical Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/44042">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Kyphosis%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2044042%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_10133"><div><strong>Hypotonia</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>10133</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0026827</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/10133">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hypotonia%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2010133%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_113165"><div><strong>Brachycephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>113165</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0221356</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/113165">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Brachycephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20113165%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_1644158"><div><strong>Microcephaly</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>1644158</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C4551563</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/1644158">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Microcephaly%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%201644158%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_66814"><div><strong>High palate</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>66814</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0240635</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Congenital Abnormality</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/66814">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22High%20palate%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2066814%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_98423"><div><strong>Prominent nose</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>98423</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0426415</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between subnasale and pronasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased anterior protrusion of the nasal tip.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/98423">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Prominent%20nose%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2098423%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_324419"><div><strong>Long face</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>324419</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1836047</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Facial height (length) is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, an apparent increase in the height (length) of the face (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/324419">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Long%20face%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20324419%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_326574"><div><strong>Tented upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>326574</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1839767</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Triangular appearance of the oral aperture with the apex in the midpoint of the upper vermilion and the lower vermilion forming the base.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/326574">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Tented%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20326574%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_331280"><div><strong>Low anterior hairline</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>331280</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1842366</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between the hairline (trichion) and the glabella (the most prominent point on the frontal bone above the root of the nose), in the midline, more than two SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between the hairline and the glabella.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/331280">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Low%20anterior%20hairline%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20331280%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_336193"><div><strong>Pointed chin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>336193</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1844505</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A marked tapering of the lower face to the chin.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/336193">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Pointed%20chin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20336193%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_338610"><div><strong>Broad forehead</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>338610</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1849089</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently increased distance between the two sides of the forehead.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/338610">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20forehead%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20338610%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_344657"><div><strong>Broad eyebrow</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>344657</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1856121</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Regional increase in the width (height) of the eyebrow.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/344657">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Broad%20eyebrow%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20344657%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_350006"><div><strong>Short philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>350006</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1861324</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/350006">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Short%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20350006%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_351278"><div><strong>Long philtrum</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>351278</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865014</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/351278">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Long%20philtrum%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20351278%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_355352"><div><strong>Thin upper lip vermilion</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>355352</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1865017</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/355352">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Thin%20upper%20lip%20vermilion%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20355352%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_358357"><div><strong>Highly arched eyebrow</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>358357</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1868571</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Increased height of the central portion of the eyebrow, forming a crescent, semicircular, or inverted U shape.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/358357">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Highly%20arched%20eyebrow%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20358357%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_42461"><div><strong>Hirsutism</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>42461</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0019572</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Disease or Syndrome</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Abnormally increased hair growth referring to a male pattern of body hair (androgenic hair).</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/42461">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Hirsutism%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2042461%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_56250"><div><strong>Dry skin</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>56250</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0151908</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Sign or Symptom</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">Skin characterized by the lack of natural or normal moisture.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/56250">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Dry%20skin%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2056250%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_87469"><div><strong>Wooly hair</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>87469</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C0343073</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">The term wooly hair refers to an abnormal variant of hair that is fine, with tightly coiled curls, and often hypopigmented. Optical microscopy may reveal the presence of tight spirals and a clear diameter reduction as compared with normal hair. Electron microscopy may show flat, oval hair shafts with reduced transversal diameter.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/87469">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wooly%20hair%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%2087469%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div>
<div class="divPopper rprt" id="clin_473489"><div><strong>Wide intermamillary distance</strong><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>MedGen UID: </dt><dd>473489</dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span>Concept ID: </dt><dd><a href="/medgen/docs/help/#sources" target="_blank" title="Concept Unique Identifier from NLM's Unified Medical Language system (UMLS)&#10;Click for more information.">C1827524</a></dd><dt><span class="dotprefix"></span></dt><dd>Finding</dd></dl></div></div></div>
<div class="spaceAbove">A larger than usual distance between the left and right nipple.</div>
<div class="spaceAbove nowrap">See: <a href="/medgen/473489">Feature record</a> | <a href="/medgen?term=%22Wide%20intermamillary%20distance%22%5BClinical%20Features%5D%20OR%20473489%5Buid%5D">Search on this feature</a></div></div><div class="TreeLite" data-jigconfig="closed: 1"><div class="concept-def"><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().openAll(); return false;">Show all</a><a class="small" href="#" onclick="jQuery(&quot;.TreeLite&quot;,&quot;#ID_102&quot;).TreeLite().closeAll(); return false;">Hide all</a></div><ul><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of head or neck</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_344657" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad eyebrow</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_338610" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Broad forehead</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_66814" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">High palate</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_358357" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Highly arched eyebrow</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_324419" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long face</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_351278" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Long philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_331280" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low anterior hairline</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_336193" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Pointed chin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_98423" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Prominent nose</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_350006" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Short philtrum</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_326574" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Tented upper lip vermilion</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_355352" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Thin upper lip vermilion</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the breast</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_473489" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wide intermamillary distance</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the genitourinary system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_8192" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cryptorchidism</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the integument</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_56250" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dry skin</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_42461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hirsutism</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_87469" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Wooly hair</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_113165" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Brachycephaly</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_10133" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Hypotonia</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_44042" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Kyphosis</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1644158" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Microcephaly</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Abnormality of the nervous system</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_340737" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Absent speech</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1375" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Aggressive behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_163547" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Autistic behavior</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_116012" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Cerebral atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_96560" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corpus callosum atrophy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_104498" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Corpus callosum, agenesis of</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1368737" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed ability to sit</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_1370611" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed ability to stand</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_105318" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Delayed speech and language development</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_870494" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Dilated third ventricle</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_811461" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Intellectual disability</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_383904" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Lateral ventricle dilatation</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_78722" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Leukoencephalopathy</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_20693" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Seizure</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_413664" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Simplified gyral pattern</a></span></li><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_52372" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Sleep abnormality</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="TLline">Ear malformation</span><ul><li class="TLline">
<span class="TLline"><a title="click for more information" class="jig-ncbipopper" href="#clin_65980" data-jigconfig="hasArrow: true, openEvent: 'click', closeEvent: 'mouseout', openAnimation: 'fadeIn', closeAnimation: 'fadeOut', triggerPosition: 'center right', destPosition: 'center left', arrowDirection: 'left'">Low-set ears</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpPM">These guidelines are articles in PubMed that match specific search criteria developed by MedGen to capture the most relevant practice guidelines. This list may not be comprehensive and may include broader topics as well. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div><div class="display-none help-popup" id="guidelinesHelpCurated">These guidelines are manually curated by the MedGen team
to supplement articles available in PubMed. See the <a href="/medgen/docs/faq/" title="Frequently asked questions" target="_blank">FAQ</a> for details.</div>
<div class="portlet mgSection" id="ID_103">
<div class="portlet_head mgSectionHead ui-widget-header"><h1 class="nl" id="Recent_clinical_studies">Recent clinical studies</h1><a sid="103" href="#" class="portlet_shutter" title="Show/hide content"></a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><h3 class="subhead">Etiology</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35461703">De novo POLR2A p.(Ile457Thr) variant associated with early-onset encephalopathy and cerebellar atrophy: expanding the phenotypic spectrum.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Giacomini T,
Scala M,
Nobile G,
Severino M,
Tortora D,
Nobili L,
Accogli A,
Torella A,
Capra V,
Mancardi MM,
Nigro V;
TUDP study group</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Dev</span>
2022 Aug;44(7):480-485.
Epub 2022 Apr 20
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.04.002.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35461703" target="_blank">35461703</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32071410">Primrose syndrome: a phenotypic comparison of patients with a ZBTB20 missense variant versus a 3q13.31 microdeletion including ZBTB20.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Juven A,
Nambot S,
Piton A,
Jean-Marçais N,
Masurel A,
Callier P,
Marle N,
Mosca-Boidron AL,
Kuentz P,
Philippe C,
Chevarin M,
Duffourd Y,
Gautier E,
Munnich A,
Rio M,
Rondeau S,
El Chehadeh S,
Schaefer É,
Gérard B,
Bouquillon S,
Delorme CV,
Francannet C,
Laffargue F,
Gouas L,
Isidor B,
Vincent M,
Blesson S,
Giuliano F,
Pichon O,
Le Caignec C,
Journel H,
Perrin-Sabourin L,
Fabre-Teste J,
Martin D,
Vieville G,
Dieterich K,
Lacombe D,
Denommé-Pichon AS,
Thauvin-Robinet C,
Faivre L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2020 Aug;28(8):1044-1055.
Epub 2020 Feb 18
doi: 10.1038/s41431-020-0582-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32071410" target="_blank">32071410</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7382504" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29878067">De novo mutation screening in childhood-onset cerebellar atrophy identifies gain-of-function mutations in the CACNA1G calcium channel gene.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Chemin J,
Siquier-Pernet K,
Nicouleau M,
Barcia G,
Ahmad A,
Medina-Cano D,
Hanein S,
Altin N,
Hubert L,
Bole-Feysot C,
Fourage C,
Nitschké P,
Thevenon J,
Rio M,
Blanc P,
Vidal C,
Bahi-Buisson N,
Desguerre I,
Munnich A,
Lyonnet S,
Boddaert N,
Fassi E,
Shinawi M,
Zimmerman H,
Amiel J,
Faivre L,
Colleaux L,
Lory P,
Cantagrel V</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2018 Jul 1;141(7):1998-2013.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awy145.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29878067" target="_blank">29878067</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29394990">Functional Dysregulation of CDC42 Causes Diverse Developmental Phenotypes.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Martinelli S,
Krumbach OHF,
Pantaleoni F,
Coppola S,
Amin E,
Pannone L,
Nouri K,
Farina L,
Dvorsky R,
Lepri F,
Buchholzer M,
Konopatzki R,
Walsh L,
Payne K,
Pierpont ME,
Vergano SS,
Langley KG,
Larsen D,
Farwell KD,
Tang S,
Mroske C,
Gallotta I,
Di Schiavi E,
Della Monica M,
Lugli L,
Rossi C,
Seri M,
Cocchi G,
Henderson L,
Baskin B,
Alders M,
Mendoza-Londono R,
Dupuis L,
Nickerson DA,
Chong JX;
University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics,
Meeks N,
Brown K,
Causey T,
Cho MT,
Demuth S,
Digilio MC,
Gelb BD,
Bamshad MJ,
Zenker M,
Ahmadian MR,
Hennekam RC,
Tartaglia M,
Mirzaa GM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Hum Genet</span>
2018 Feb 1;102(2):309-320.
Epub 2018 Jan 25
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.015.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29394990" target="_blank">29394990</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC5985417" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20cerebral%20atrophy%20and%20variable%20facial%20dysmorphism%22%20AND%20Etiology%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (4)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Diagnosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37517035">Biallelic MED27 variants lead to variable ponto-cerebello-lental degeneration with movement disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maroofian R,
Kaiyrzhanov R,
Cali E,
Zamani M,
Zaki MS,
Ferla M,
Tortora D,
Sadeghian S,
Saadi SM,
Abdullah U,
Karimiani EG,
Efthymiou S,
Yeşil G,
Alavi S,
Al Shamsi AM,
Tajsharghi H,
Abdel-Hamid MS,
Saadi NW,
Al Mutairi F,
Alabdi L,
Beetz C,
Ali Z,
Toosi MB,
Rudnik-Schöneborn S,
Babaei M,
Isohanni P,
Muhammad J,
Khan S,
Al Shalan M,
Hickey SE,
Marom D,
Elhanan E,
Kurian MA,
Marafi D,
Saberi A,
Hamid M,
Spaull R,
Meng L,
Lalani S,
Maqbool S,
Rahman F,
Seeger J,
Palculict TB,
Lau T,
Murphy D,
Mencacci NE,
Steindl K,
Begemann A,
Rauch A,
Akbas S,
Aslanger AD,
Salpietro V,
Yousaf H,
Ben-Shachar S,
Ejeskär K,
Al Aqeel AI,
High FA,
Armstrong-Javors AE,
Zahraei SM,
Seifi T,
Zeighami J,
Shariati G,
Sedaghat A,
Asl SN,
Shahrooei M,
Zifarelli G,
Burglen L,
Ravelli C,
Zschocke J,
Schatz UA,
Ghavideldarestani M,
Kamel WA,
Van Esch H,
Hackenberg A,
Taylor JC,
Al-Gazali L,
Bauer P,
Gleeson JJ,
Alkuraya FS,
Lupski JR,
Galehdari H,
Azizimalamiri R,
Chung WK,
Baig SM,
Houlden H,
Severino M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2023 Dec 1;146(12):5031-5043.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awad257.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37517035" target="_blank">37517035</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10690011" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35670379">TTC5 syndrome: Clinical and molecular spectrum of a severe and recognizable condition.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Musante L,
Faletra F,
Meier K,
Tomoum H,
Najarzadeh Torbati P,
Blair E,
North S,
Gärtner J,
Diegmann S,
Beiraghi Toosi M,
Ashrafzadeh F,
Ghayoor Karimiani E,
Murphy D,
Murru FM,
Zanus C,
Magnolato A,
La Bianca M,
Feresin A,
Girotto G,
Gasparini P,
Costa P,
Carrozzi M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2022 Sep;188(9):2652-2665.
Epub 2022 Jun 7
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62852.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35670379" target="_blank">35670379</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9541101" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32965080">Further delineation of HIDEA syndrome.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maddirevula S,
Ben-Omran T,
AlMureikhi M,
Eyaid W,
Arabi H,
Alkuraya H,
Alfaifi A,
Alfalah AH,
Alsaif HS,
Abdulwahab F,
Alfadhel M,
Alkuraya FS</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2020 Dec;182(12):2999-3006.
Epub 2020 Sep 23
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61885.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32965080" target="_blank">32965080</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28733757">The clinico-radiological spectrum of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome in adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ayas ZÖ,
Asil K,
Öcal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Sci</span>
2017 Oct;38(10):1823-1828.
Epub 2017 Jul 21
doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-3074-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28733757" target="_blank">28733757</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/24259184">Expanding the spectrum of phenotypes associated with germline PIGA mutations: a child with developmental delay, accelerated linear growth, facial dysmorphisms, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and progressive CNS abnormalities.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">van der Crabben SN,
Harakalova M,
Brilstra EH,
van Berkestijn FM,
Hofstede FC,
van Vught AJ,
Cuppen E,
Kloosterman W,
Ploos van Amstel HK,
van Haaften G,
van Haelst MM</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2014 Jan;164A(1):29-35.
Epub 2013 Nov 20
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36184.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/24259184" target="_blank">24259184</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20cerebral%20atrophy%20and%20variable%20facial%20dysmorphism%22%20AND%20Diagnosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (7)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Therapy</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33092935">Diabetes mellitus in an adolescent girl with intellectual disability caused by novel single base pair duplication in the PTRH2 gene: Expanding the clinical spectrum of IMNEPD.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Parida P,
Dubbudu A,
Biswal SR,
Sharawat IK,
Panda PK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain Dev</span>
2021 Feb;43(2):314-319.
Epub 2020 Oct 20
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.09.009.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33092935" target="_blank">33092935</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20cerebral%20atrophy%20and%20variable%20facial%20dysmorphism%22%20AND%20Therapy%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (1)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Prognosis</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32555303">A novel de novo heterozygous DYRK1A mutation causes complete loss of DYRK1A function and developmental delay.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Lee KS,
Choi M,
Kwon DW,
Kim D,
Choi JM,
Kim AK,
Ham Y,
Han SB,
Cho S,
Cheon CK</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Sci Rep</span>
2020 Jun 17;10(1):9849.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66750-y.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32555303" target="_blank">32555303</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7299959" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/29681083">Novel de novo ZBTB20 mutations in three cases with Primrose syndrome and constant corpus callosum anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Alby C,
Boutaud L,
Bessières B,
Serre V,
Rio M,
Cormier-Daire V,
de Oliveira J,
Ichkou A,
Mouthon L,
Gordon CT,
Bonnière M,
Mechler C,
Nitschke P,
Bole C,
Lyonnet S,
Bahi-Buisson N,
Boddaert N,
Colleaux L,
Roth P,
Ville Y,
Vekemans M,
Encha-Razavi F,
Attié-Bitach T,
Thomas S</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2018 May;176(5):1091-1098.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38684.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/29681083" target="_blank">29681083</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20cerebral%20atrophy%20and%20variable%20facial%20dysmorphism%22%20AND%20Prognosis%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (2)</a></div><h3 class="subhead">Clinical prediction guides</h3>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/37517035">Biallelic MED27 variants lead to variable ponto-cerebello-lental degeneration with movement disorders.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Maroofian R,
Kaiyrzhanov R,
Cali E,
Zamani M,
Zaki MS,
Ferla M,
Tortora D,
Sadeghian S,
Saadi SM,
Abdullah U,
Karimiani EG,
Efthymiou S,
Yeşil G,
Alavi S,
Al Shamsi AM,
Tajsharghi H,
Abdel-Hamid MS,
Saadi NW,
Al Mutairi F,
Alabdi L,
Beetz C,
Ali Z,
Toosi MB,
Rudnik-Schöneborn S,
Babaei M,
Isohanni P,
Muhammad J,
Khan S,
Al Shalan M,
Hickey SE,
Marom D,
Elhanan E,
Kurian MA,
Marafi D,
Saberi A,
Hamid M,
Spaull R,
Meng L,
Lalani S,
Maqbool S,
Rahman F,
Seeger J,
Palculict TB,
Lau T,
Murphy D,
Mencacci NE,
Steindl K,
Begemann A,
Rauch A,
Akbas S,
Aslanger AD,
Salpietro V,
Yousaf H,
Ben-Shachar S,
Ejeskär K,
Al Aqeel AI,
High FA,
Armstrong-Javors AE,
Zahraei SM,
Seifi T,
Zeighami J,
Shariati G,
Sedaghat A,
Asl SN,
Shahrooei M,
Zifarelli G,
Burglen L,
Ravelli C,
Zschocke J,
Schatz UA,
Ghavideldarestani M,
Kamel WA,
Van Esch H,
Hackenberg A,
Taylor JC,
Al-Gazali L,
Bauer P,
Gleeson JJ,
Alkuraya FS,
Lupski JR,
Galehdari H,
Azizimalamiri R,
Chung WK,
Baig SM,
Houlden H,
Severino M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Brain</span>
2023 Dec 1;146(12):5031-5043.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awad257.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/37517035" target="_blank">37517035</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC10690011" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/35670379">TTC5 syndrome: Clinical and molecular spectrum of a severe and recognizable condition.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Musante L,
Faletra F,
Meier K,
Tomoum H,
Najarzadeh Torbati P,
Blair E,
North S,
Gärtner J,
Diegmann S,
Beiraghi Toosi M,
Ashrafzadeh F,
Ghayoor Karimiani E,
Murphy D,
Murru FM,
Zanus C,
Magnolato A,
La Bianca M,
Feresin A,
Girotto G,
Gasparini P,
Costa P,
Carrozzi M</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Am J Med Genet A</span>
2022 Sep;188(9):2652-2665.
Epub 2022 Jun 7
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62852.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/35670379" target="_blank">35670379</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC9541101" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/33647455">CRADD and USP44 mutations in intellectual disability, mild lissencephaly, brain atrophy, developmental delay, strabismus, behavioural problems and skeletal anomalies.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Koprulu M,
Shabbir RMK,
Zaman Q,
Nalbant G,
Malik S,
Tolun A</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Med Genet</span>
2021 Apr;64(4):104181.
Epub 2021 Feb 27
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104181.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/33647455" target="_blank">33647455</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/32071410">Primrose syndrome: a phenotypic comparison of patients with a ZBTB20 missense variant versus a 3q13.31 microdeletion including ZBTB20.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Juven A,
Nambot S,
Piton A,
Jean-Marçais N,
Masurel A,
Callier P,
Marle N,
Mosca-Boidron AL,
Kuentz P,
Philippe C,
Chevarin M,
Duffourd Y,
Gautier E,
Munnich A,
Rio M,
Rondeau S,
El Chehadeh S,
Schaefer É,
Gérard B,
Bouquillon S,
Delorme CV,
Francannet C,
Laffargue F,
Gouas L,
Isidor B,
Vincent M,
Blesson S,
Giuliano F,
Pichon O,
Le Caignec C,
Journel H,
Perrin-Sabourin L,
Fabre-Teste J,
Martin D,
Vieville G,
Dieterich K,
Lacombe D,
Denommé-Pichon AS,
Thauvin-Robinet C,
Faivre L</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Eur J Hum Genet</span>
2020 Aug;28(8):1044-1055.
Epub 2020 Feb 18
doi: 10.1038/s41431-020-0582-3.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/32071410" target="_blank">32071410</a><a href="/pmc/articles/PMC7382504" target="_blank" class="PubMedFree">Free PMC Article</a></div>
<div class="nl"><a target="_blank" href="/pubmed/28733757">The clinico-radiological spectrum of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome in adults.</a></div>
<div class="portlet_content ln"><span class="medgenPMauthor">Ayas ZÖ,
Asil K,
Öcal R</span><br />
<span class="medgenPMjournal">Neurol Sci</span>
2017 Oct;38(10):1823-1828.
Epub 2017 Jul 21
doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-3074-7.
<span class="bold">PMID: </span><a href="/pubmed/28733757" target="_blank">28733757</a></div>
<div><a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neurodevelopmental%20disorder%20with%20cerebral%20atrophy%20and%20variable%20facial%20dysmorphism%22%20AND%20Clinical%20prediction%20guides%2Fbroad%5Bfilter%5D%20%20AND%20%22english%20and%20humans%22%5Bfilter%5D%20NOT%20comment%5BPTYP%5D%20NOT%20letter%5BPTYP%5D" title="PubMed search">See all (8)</a></div></div>
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<div class="portlet_content ln"><ul><li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5543228%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F8" target="_blank">Deletion/duplication analysis (1)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5543228%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F7" target="_blank">Sequence analysis of the entire coding region (2)</a></li>
<li><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5543228%5bDISCUI%5d&amp;filter=method%3A2%5F19" target="_blank">Targeted variant analysis (1)</a></li>
<li class="portletSeeAll portletSeeAllPad"><total><a href="/gtr/tests?term=C5543228%5bDISCUI%5d" target="_blank">See all (2)</a></total></li>
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